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GREEN BUILDING INDEX TOGREEN CAMPUS INDEX
PREPARED BY :
MIERANIE WATIE 2009720821
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY(EQ)
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY (EQ)
Good indoor air quality (IAQ) is requiredfor a healthy indoor work / studyenvironment.
Poor indoor air quality can cause a varietyof short-term and long-term healthproblems.
IAQ problems occur in buildings that areserved by a common ventilation and/or airconditioning system. IAQ problems can bedue to indoor air pollutants or to
inadequate ventilation.
INTRODUCTION / DEFINITON
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY (EQ)
There is code of practice for Indoor environmentquality in Malaysia
The Code of practice is drawn by DEPARTMENTOF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTHMINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCESMALAYSIA
The purpose of creating this code of practice isto ensure that employees and other occupantsare protected from poor indoor air quality thatcould adversely affect their health and well
being, and thereby reduce their productivity.
CODE OF PRACTICE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY
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Why consider IEQ?
IEQ is a core concept in evaluating thesustainability of any high performance
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What is Indoor Air Quality?
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) generally refers to thequality of the air in an office environment.
www.osha.gov
According to the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),
the air inside a home is, on average, two to five timesmore
polluted than the air outside. Because we spend themajority
of our time indoors, homeowners are quickly realizing theurgency to keep t his space as clean and healthy as
possibleespecially those with children.
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What does IAQ embody?
IAQ has an impact on occupants health andproductivity. Designing for good IAQ can result
in significant ROI for your client.
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What can cause IAQ problems?
Cleaning Chemicals
Personal Care and Hygiene
Pet odors and Dander
ventilation system deficiencies
overcrowding
tobacco smoke
microbial contamination
outside air pollutants
off gassing from materials and mechanical
equipment.
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AIR QUALITY
Whats amazing is you dont have anew building smell.
Micah Rosen, AIA, LEED AP
Maintaining a low VOC count in interiormaterials was going to be part of theprogram, whether it was LEED certified ornot.
Micah Rosen, AIA, LEED AP
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Air Quality
EQ1
EQ5
EQ4EQ3
EQ2Minimum
IAQPerformance
Environmenta
lTobaccoSmokeControl
CarbonDioxide
Monitoring &Control
Indoor
AirPollutants
MouldPrevention
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EQ1 : MINIMUM IAQ PERFORMANCEMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS -1
To Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ)performance to enhance indoor air quality in building,thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the
occupants
Requirements:
Meet the minimum requirements ofventilation rate in ASHRAE 62.1:2007 or thelocal building code whichever is the morestringent.
Implementation:
ASHRAE 62.1-2007 or local building code,UBBL 3rd Schedule (whichever is the more
stringent) will be incorporates into the HVACdesign. This will ensure adequate fresh airis available to building occupants.
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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality
PURPOSE:To specify minimum ventilation rates
andother measures intended to provide
indoor air quality that is acceptable tohuman occupants and that minimizes
adverse health effects
AREA ASHRAE 62-2007`
UBBL 3rd SCHEDULE MIN. FRESH AIRESTABLISHED
OFFICE 0.14 cmm/PERSONOR
5 CFM/PERSON
0.14 cmm/PERSONOR
5 CFM/PERSON
0.14 cmm/PERSONOR
5 CFM/PERSON
LOBBY 1 AIR CHANGE PERHOUR
1 AIR CHANGE PERHOUR
1 AIR CHANGE PERHOUR
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EQ2 : ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE CONTROLMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS -1
Minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, andventilation
air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
Requirements:
Option 1: Prohibit Smoking
no smoking except outdoors at least 10mfrom:entries ,outside air intakes ,operablewindows
Option 2: Designated Areasno smoking except in designated area andoutdoor
(same rules as previous for outdoor)
Designated smoke rooms to:effectively capture, contain and remove ETSfrom building be directly exhausted tooutdoors enclosed with deck to deckpartitions operate at negative pressure toadjacent spaces
Implementation:
By placing signage at all prominent location
in the building, and fine will be imposedaccording to the Malaysian Law.
Locate the designated smoking zone outsidethe building at least 10m away from theentrance of the building, fresh air intakesand operable window to ensure that tobaccosmoke does not enter the building or
ventilation system.
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EQ3 : CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING AND CONTROLMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS -1
Provide response monitoring of carbon dioxide levels toensure delivery of minimum outside air requirements
Implementation:
To install CO2 sensor at the return air point atevery air handling unit for every floor. The sensorshall be link to the BCS (Building control system)to modulate fresh air intake damper to ensure thatCO2 level 1000ppm.
Ite
mDescription Qty Rate Total
1 CO2 sensor (Block A) 8 RM2,500 RM 20,000
2 CO2 sensor (Block B) 20 RM2,500 RM 50,000
Total RM 70,000
The Cost for the CO2sensor
Requirements:
Install carbon dioxide (CO2)monitoring and control system with atleast one (1) CO2 sensor at all mainreturn points on each floor to facilitatecontinuous monitoring andadjustment of outside air ventilationrates to each floor, and ensureindependent control of ventilationrates to maintain CO2 level 1,000ppm
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Typical CO2 Monitoring & Control Schematic
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EQ4 : INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTSMAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS - 2
Reduce detrimental impact on occupant health from finishes thatemit
internal air pollutantsRequirements;
Use low VOC paint and coating throughout the building.Paints and Coatings to comply with requirementsspecified in international labeling schemes recognizedby GBI,
Use low VOC carpet or flooring throughout the building.Carpets to comply with requirements specified ininternational labeling schemes recognized by GBI. Othertypes of flooring to comply with requirements underFloorScore developed by Science Certification Systemor equivalent,
Use low VOC adhesive and sealant or no adhesive orsealant used.
Use products with no added urea formaldehyde. Theseinclude:Composite wood and agrifiber products defined as:particleboard, medium densityfiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard,panel substrates and door cores, Laminating adhesivesused to fabricate on-site and shop-applied compositewood and agrifiber assemblies, Insulation foam,
Draperies
Implementation:
Use only low volatile organic compounds (VOC) andformaldehyde content to minimize detrimental impacton occupant health. This can be achieved by :-
Use of low VOC paint and coating such as NipponOdour-less Premium All-in-1 internal emulsioncomplying to international labeling schemesrecognized by GBI.
Use low VOC carpet or flooring complying to
international labeling or Science Certification Systemschemes recognized by GBI.
Use of low VOC adhesive or sealant or no adhesiveor sealant used complying to international labelingschemes recognized by GBI
Use of wood products (mainly door and door frame)with no added urea formaldehyde.
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EQ5 : MOULD PREVENTIONMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS - 1
Design system(s) which reduce the risk of mould growth and its associateddetrimental impact on occupant health
Requirements;
Where it is demonstrated that the mechanical air-conditioned ventilation system will maintain a positiveindoor air pressure relative to the exterior and canactively control
indoor air humidity to be no more than 70% RH withoutthe use of active control that will consume additionalenergy.
Ensure that excessive moisture in building is controlledduring the Design, Construction and Operation stagesby the consideration and the control of thefollowing:1. Rainwater leakage through roof and walls2. Infiltration of moist air3. Diffusion of moisture through walls, roof and floors4. Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawlspaces through walls andfloors5. Leaking or burst pipes6. Indoor moisture sources7. Construction moistureORThe building is fully naturally ventilated
Implementation: A) ACMVThe building air-conditioning & mechanical ventilationsystem design will maintain a positive indoor airpressure relative to the exterior, and correct AHU off-coil temperature selection will maintain the indoorhumidity to be less than 70% RH as specified inMS1525:2007.
Air-Cond Indoor Design ConditionRecommended Design DB temperature
: 23 - 26 oCMinimum DB temperature
: 22 oCRecommended design relative humidity
: 55 - 70%
Recommended air movement: 0.15 0.50 m/s
Maximum air movement: 0.7 m/s
In the construction stage, all construction materialsand equipment must be properly stored and protected.
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Implementation: B) Architectural
Prevent rainwater leaks from r.c. roof with proper roofdetailing, specified water proofing materials with
supplierswarranty and water ponding test upon completion ofworks.
Prevent air leakage through gap for glazing by usingquality seal.
Prevent leakage through floors especially at toiletareas and areas exposed to weather by providingwater proofing.
Implementation: C) Moisture Control
Any plumbing leakage or building leakage will berectified and cleaned immediately within 24 to 48hours by operation personnel.
Relative humidity in all office area must be constantlymonitor by EMS system, and to be rectified
immediately if RH is exceeding 70%
Maintain ACMV drain pan in dry, clean and goodcondition.
There shall be no additional cost incurred as themould can be prevented by way of proper design inthe design stage, quality supervision in theconstruction stage and good maintenance in theoperation stage. Shows the using plastic to protect the installed mechanism.
This is crucial as to prevent any moisture or dust accumulation during construction period.
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Thermal Comfort
EQ7EQ6
Design &Controllabilityof Systems
AirChange
Effectiveness
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EQ6 : DESIGN & CONTROLLABILTY OF SYSTEMSMAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS - 2
Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individualoccupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote
the productivity, comfort and well being of building occupants:
Requirements;
Design to ASHRAE 55 in conjunction with the
relevant localised parameters as listed inMS1525:2007.
Provide individual comfort controls for 50% of thebuilding occupants to enable adjustments to suitindividual task needs and preferences.
AND
Provide comfort system controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable adjustments to suit groupneeds and preferences.
Conditions for thermal comfort include the primaryfactors of air temperature, radiant temperature, airspeed and humidity. Comfort system control for thispurpose is defined as the provision of control over atleast one of these primary factors in the occupantslocal environment.
Implementation:
The air-conditioning system will be design to ASHRAE 55
and MS1525:2007 standard to provide high level ofthermal comfort system control by individual groups inmulti-occupants office to promote the productivity, comfortand well-being of building occupants.
The zoning control by using motorized volume controldamper link to BCS system to control the flow rate of thesupply air into the air-cond space.
Zoning of system which according to differentcompartment which has different occupancy and heatload.
Zone thermostat is located at every zone to achieve therequired thermal comfort.
Modulating Damper and the temperature sensor link to theBCS (Building Control System) to control the flowrate ofthe supply air for thermal comfort.
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EQ7 AIR CHANGE EFFECTIVENESS
Provide effective delivery of clean air through reduced mixingwith indoor pollutants in order to promote a healthy indoor
environment. Demonstrate that the Air Change Effectiveness(ACE) meets the following criteria for at least 90% of the NLA
Requirement:The ventilation systems are designed to achieve an ACE of 0.95 whenmeasured in accordance with ASHRAE 129-1997: Measuring air change
effectiveness where ACE is to be measured in the breathing zone(nominally 1.0m from finished floor level
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Lighting, Visual & Acoustic Comfort
EQ8
EQ13
EQ12
EQ10
EQ9 Daylighting
DaylightGlare
Control
ElectricLighting
Needs
ExternalViews
InternalNoiseLevels
EQ11
High
FrequencyBallasts
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EQ8 : DAYLIGHTINGMAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS - 2
Provide good levels of day lighting for building
occupants
Requirement:
Demonstrate that 30% of the NLA hasa daylight factor in the range of 1.0
3.5% as measured at the working plane,800mm from floor level
Demonstrate that 50% of the NLA hasa daylight factor in the range of 1.0
3.5% as
measured at the working plane, 800mmfrom floor level
Implementation:
To provide minimum 50% of NLA with a daylight factor of 1-3.5%Calculation
Block A
= 746/825.5 (85% of GFA) x 100%= 90%
Daylight
P= 164 x 2.0/824.5 x 100= 39.78DF= 0.1P
= 0.1 (39.78) = 3.98
Block B
= 420/835 (85% of GFA) x 100%= 90%
Daylight78P= 107 x 3.0/835 x 100= 38.44DF= 0.1P
= 0.1 (38.44) = 3.84
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EQ9 : DAYLIGHT GLARE CONTROLMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS 1
Reduce discomfort of glare from natural light. Where blinds orscreens are fitted on all glazing and atrium as a base building,
incorporate provisions to meet the criteria
Requirement:
Eliminate glare from all direct sun
penetration and keep horizontalworkspace lux level below 2,000;
Eliminate glare from diffuse sky radiationfor occupant workspace at viewingangles of 15to 60from the horizontalat eye level (typically 1.2m from floorlevel)
Control with an automatic monitoringsystem (for atrium and windows withincident direct sun light only -not applicable for fixed blinds/screens);
Equip with a manual override functionaccessible by occupants (not applicablefor fixed blinds/screens)
Implementation:
Decrease discomfort of glare from natural light
by eliminate glare from direct sun penetrationand glare from diffuse sky and keep horizontalwork place level below 2000 lux.
Proposed improvement:
- Integrated Daylight-linked Dimming ElectricalLighting
- Equipped with a manual override function byoccupants- Fix horizontal blinds will be adopted.
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EQ10 : ELECTRIC LIGHTING LEVELSMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS 1
Baseline building office lighting not to be overdesigned
Requirement:
Demonstrate that office lighting designmaintains a luminance level of no morein MS1525 for 90% of NLA as measuredat the working plane (800mm above thefloor level)
Implementation:
The design criteria for lighting lux level for thevarious areas shall be based on MS1525:2007.
Office lighting design shall maintain with luminance
level of 300 400 lux for 90% of NLA as measuredat the working place of 800mm above floor level asspecified in MS1525:2007. It is proposed that theT2x28W T5 lamps with high frequency electronicballast light fitting be provided.
Average lux level of 350 lux is calculated at 800mmworking plane.
Implementation:
The cost difference in upgrading to T5 lamps isRM 60.00 per tube.Total estimated cost is 2440 x 60 =RM 146,400.This cost is reflected in EE5.The estimated cost to install T2x28W T5 lampsis as follows:-
Ite
mDescription
Qty
(Block
A)
Qty
(Block
B)
Total
Qty
Rate
(inclusive
wiring)
Total
1 T5 Fittings 88 x 7 96 x 19 2440 RM 354 RM 863,760
2 T8 Fittings 88 x 7 96 x 19 2440 RM 230 (-) RM
561,200
Total RM 302,560
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EQ11 : HIGH FREQUENCY BALLASTSMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS 1
Increase workplace amenity by avoiding low frequencyflicker that may be associated with fluorescent lighting:
Requirement:
Install high frequency ballasts in fluorescent over a minimum of90% of NLA.
Implementation:
To create comfortable visual working environment for the occupants. In this instance, the use ofhigh frequency electronic ballasts in the fluorescent luminaries that operates within the range of
20kHz and higher could provide smoother and non-flickering lamp operation. GBI rating provides 1point for meeting this requirement.
To use 2x28W T5 fluorescent light fittings with high frequency electronic ballast for the rentableoffice space. The light fittings to be provided with mirror reflector to obtain light output ratio (LOR)
exceeding 98%.
The T5 fluorescent light fittings are to be provided over 90% of the NLA.
The cost impact is reflected in EE5.
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EQ12 : EXTERNAL VIEWSMAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS - 2
Reduce eyestrain for building occupants by allowing long distanceviews and provision of visual connection to the outdoor.
Requirement:
Demonstrate that 75% of the NLA has a direct line of sight
through vision glazing at a height of 1.2m from floor level.
Implementation:
Reduce eyestrain for building occupant by allowing long distance views and provisionof visual connection to the outdoor.
75% of NLA has direct line of sight through vision glazing- open plan office concept [ work station with partitions 1200mm ]
- directors / meeting rooms are located internally of corner- area without window is limited to storage and kitchen
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EQ13 : INTERNAL NOISE LEVELSMAX POINTS -1 ACHIEVED POINTS 1
Maintain internal noise levels at an appropriate level.
Requirement:
Demonstrate that 90% of the NLA do notexceed the following ambient internalnoise levels:
Within the entire baseline building generaloffice, space noise from the buildingservices does not exceed 40dBAeq.
OR
Within the baseline building office space,the sound level does not exceed45dBAeq for open plan and not exceed40dBAeq for closed offices
Implementation:
Within the base building office space, 90% of the NLA thesound level do not exceed 40dBAeq to maintain a comfortable
acoustic environment for occupants. The following method willbe employed to ensure that the required noise level can beachieved:-
Lined the supply and return air duct for 10m length withacoustic lining.Proper selection of AHU and FCU blower speed (1500rpmmaximum)Insulated the AHU plantroom with for sound adsorbingmaterials.
Avoid the AHU door facing directly to the office area. All theAHU door shall face toward the service area, and to be awayfrom the conference room.Proper ducting layout design as to avoid direct tapping ofdiffuser from the main duct. Ensure that the first diffuser tapfrom the ducting have sufficient elbow for noise attenuation toachieve the 40dBA.Use of duct silencer whenever is necessaryUse of furniture which has sound adsorbing surface on bothsides.
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EQ14 : IAQ BEFORE & DURING OCCUPANCY
MAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS 2
Reduce indoor air quality problems .
Requirement:
Develop and implement an Indoor AirQuality (IAQ) Management Plan for the
Pre-Occupancy phase :
Perform a building flush out by supplyingoutdoor air to provide not less than 10airchanges/hour for at least 30 minutesoperation before occupancy andcontinuous minimum 1 ACH during theinitial 14 days occupancy of the
completed building .
AND
During Occupancy Stage:Where a permanent air flushing system ofat least 10 airchanges/hour operation isinstalled for use during occupancy stage
Implementation:
The base office building is equipped with smoke spill system incompliance to Bombas requirements.Supply air duct system of 10 air changes per hour is providedas fresh air replacement during the fire mode and smokeexhaust system of 12 air changes per hour is provided toextract the smoke.The smoke spill system shall be used to perform a buildingflush out by supplying outdoor air of minimum 10 air changesper hour with the extraction for at least 30 minutes beforeoccupancy and continuous minimum 1 air change per hourduring the initial 14 days occupancy of the completed building.Qualified personnel shall be engaged to carry out the buildingflush out by supplying fresh outdoor air. This shall be carried out
floor-by-floor by manually opening the fresh air damper andexhaust air damper with the operation of the fresh air fan andexhaust air fan. The amount of airflow through the dampersshall be measured to determine the required air changes perhour achieved.During occupancy stage, the permanent air flushing system of10 air changes per hour shall be utilized.There is no cost impact since the work will be carried out bybuilding maintenance staff.
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EQ15 : POST OCCUPANCY COMFORT SURVEY : VERIFICATION
MAX POINTS -2 ACHIEVED POINTS 2
Provide for the assessment of comfort of the building occupants .
Requirement:
Conduct a post-occupancy comfort survey ofbuilding occupants within 12 months afteroccupancy/building completion. This survey is onresponses about thermal comfort, visual comfortand acoustic comfort in a building. It shouldinclude an assessment of overall satisfactionwith thermal, visual and acoustic performanceand identification of thermal-related .ANDDevelop a plan for corrective action if the surveyresults indicate that more than 20% of occupantsare dissatisfied with the overall comfort in the
building.The plan is include measurement of The relevantenvironmental variables include1) Temperature, relative humidity, air speed andmean radiant temperature,2) Lighting level and glare problem,3) Background noise level,4) Odour problem, CO2 level,VOCs, andparticulate concentration
Implementation:
Qualified personnel shall be engaged to conduct a post-occupancy comfort survey of building occupants within 12months after occupancy/building completion. This survey shouldcollect anonymous responses and also an assessment ofoverall satisfaction with thermal, visual and acousticperformance and identification of thermal-related, visual-relatedand acoustic-related problems.Qualified personnel shall develop a plan for corrective action ifthe survey results indicate that more than 20% of occupants aredissatisfied with the overall comfort in the building.This plan should include measurement of relevantenvironmental variables shall include:-Temperature, relative humidity, air speed and mean radiant
temperature- Lighting level and glare problem- Background noise level- Odour problem, CO2 level, VOCs and particulate
concentrations.The qualified personnel shall be equipped with all thenecessary instrumentations to measure the aboveenvironmental variables.The estimated cost to carry out post occupancy survey isRM30,000
