EQ: How can we prepare for the Global regents exam?

Aim: How does geography shape the development of civilizations?

Do Now: What is geography? What’s an example of geography influencing a civilization?

HW: Go to YouTube and search for Murry Bergtraum High school Regents Review. You will see Mr. Male.

Watch his video for HW.Today’s power point will be posted on

www.mrmegna.com Please follow along to the review

Map Types

• Physical Map: shows physical features such as mountains, forest, rivers, deserts etc. May show major countries and cities

• Political Map: Shows only countries, cities, towns etc.

• Topographical Map: like a physical map but has contour lines to show different elevations

MAPS

• Physical map: shows the physical features of the earth: mountains, deserts, forests

• Political map: shows the boundaries of countries, cities, and capitals

• Climate map: shows temperature and climate for regions

Social Sciences• Geographer: studies the earth and its features

Also studies how the earth impacts development. (How we adapt to surroundings)

• Archaeologist: study ancient remains and artifacts• Sociologist: study the origins of humans and how

they develop, what to produce• Economist: focus on distribution and movement

of goods and services, scarcity of resources, and focus on wealth of a nation or region

****Neolithic Revolution• Led to the stopping of hunting and gathering as the

primary method of food gathering or survival• Introduced settled farming• Domesticated plants and animals• Benefit: people could now produce food to feed a

bigger population• (population will grow, cities will grow)• Before this people were nomadic: wander around

looking for food and shelter• This revolution allowed for the birth of cities and then

civilizations

Peninsulas

• Land masses that are surrounded by water on THREE sides

• Examples: – Spain– Italy– Korea– Greece

peninsula

• Land where three sides are surrounded by water

• Archipelago: chain of islands. Ex. Japan• Island: surrounded by water on all sides• Landlocked nation: surrounded by land on all

sides

Geography • All early civilizations developed near RIVER

VALLEYS• Examples of early civilizations: Egypt,

Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent), China and India

• Reasons they developed near rivers:– Fertile soil– Water supply supports irrigation for crops– Allow people to produce their own food– These areas had a climate that supported the

growth of civilizations

River Valleys

• Provided the basis for the development of the earliest civilizations: Tigris-Euphrates, Nile River, Yellow River, Indus River

• Flooding from the rivers provided the civilizations fertile soil but also caused damage

• Irrigation systems and Dams are examples of adaptations to the rivers

Bodies of Water

• Oceans and seas; can be barriers to invasion and cultural diffusion

• Many civilizations overcame this and became expert sea travelers

• This lead to increased trade, cultural diffusion, invasions and were a source of food

Geography of Egypt

• Developed near the Nile River• Constant floods allowed fertile soil to support

civilization

Geography of Mesopotamia

• Developed near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

• Had fertile soil and good climate to support civilization

Geography of India

• Developed near the Indus and Ganges Rivers• Geographic features: Himalaya Mountains and

Hindu Kush mountains kept them isolated

Subsistence farming

• Where people produce enough food for them to survive

Rainforest

• Area of forest with thick vegetation; hot and wet climate; gets little sunlight so not much grows on the floor

• Positives: abundant animal life, natural resources, barrier to invasion

• Negatives: limits trade, cultural diffusion, breeding ground for disease carrying insects

• Examples: Amazon

Geography of China

• Developed near the Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers

• China was isolated by mountains and deserts• They developed and ethnocentric view of the

world• Viewed other cultures as barbarians• Influenced Korea and Japan

Geography of Greece

• Mountainous• The mountains separated the cities and

allowed them to develop individual city-states• Greece also has good harbors for fishing and

an irregular coastline

Geography of Japan

• Archipelago: a chain of islands• It has good harbors and an irregular coastline• The mountains forced Japan to live in only a

few places throughout the country• Was influenced by China and Korea

Early Japan• Japan: located on an archipelago (chain of

islands)• Mostly mountainous (compared to Greece)• Lived off of the sea for food• Most influenced by China and Korea which

served as a cultural bridge between the nations

Geographic Features of China• Asia• ***Like all early civilizations, China developed in River

Valleys (existed in China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent also known as the Middle East, and India)

• Two rivers: Yangtze and Huang He Rivers• Gobi Desert• Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountains

Early Civilizations

• Most early civilizations developed around RIVER VALLEYS

• Ex. China, India, Mesopotamia, Egypt

• Deserts: Sahara Desert in Africa• Used by the West African Trading Empires of

Ghana, Mali and Songhai (800-1650)• The desert helped promote trade throughout

West and North Africa and spread into the Middle East.

• It helped spread cultural diffusion by blending traditional African beliefs and goods with Islamic and European ideas and goods

• Mountains: Himalaya Mountains in India, Hindu Kush Mountains

• They isolated the Indian civilizations and allowed them to develop their own unique culture

• Geographic feature hindered cultural diffusion because they are surrounded by mountains and many did not know of their existence for centuries

• Rivers: any early civilization• Examples: Mesopotamia and the Tigris and

Euphrates, Egypt and the Nile, India and the Ganges and Indus and China with the Yangtze and Huang He

• Rivers are a key element of the development of early civilizations

• Helped spread diffusion by connecting people through trade and travel

Terrace Farming

Quiz Time

• What do you know about Human & Physical Geography

• Review Quiz: Why is this the correct answer and why are the other choices wrong?

Essay PracticeTheme: Geography (How Humans Change Their Environment)

Throughout global history, human societies in various nations and regions have changed their physical environments to meet their needs. Societies have built structures, removed vegetation and resources, and modified the land to meet their needs. These changes have often had different results.

Task:Select two different nations/regions and for each• Explain why the society modified their environment• Explain how the people of that specific nation/region modified their physical environment• Discuss the effect this modification had on that nation/region

You may use any nation or region from your study of global history. Some suggestions youmight wish to consider include Middle East (modified the land), Africa (modified the land),

Japan (modified the land), Great Britain (removed resources), South Africa (removedresources), Brazil (removed vegetation), China (built a structure), and East Germany (built

structures).You are not limited to these suggestions.Do not select the United States or a region of the United States as an example

Summary/ Conclusion-After reviewing how geography has

impacted civilizations and doing your final essay dealing with geography. Your task is to write a paragraph on what you could have added to your

essay from yesterday to have received a higher score?

You only have a few minutes to do this so be on task.