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FUNGI
Come in a variety of shapes and colors
Range in size from one-celled organisms to masses as wide as 1 ft or more.
Fungi absorb nutrients from their environment.
They decompose, or break down, the tissue of other organisms
PLANTS
Plants are multicellular organisms that have tissues and organs.
Their cells have cell walls The cells have chloroplast, the cell
part that uses the Sun’s energy to make food.
VASCULAR AND NONVASCULAR
One of the ways scientists divide plants into groups is by the way the plant gets water. The two groups are
vascular and nonvascular
VASCULAR PLANTS
Vascular plants have tissues that act like tubes to transport water through the plant
Tubes transport water and nutrients taken up from soil through the plants roots
VASCULAR PLANTS
These plants DO NOT have to live near water
The vascular system provides support and allows plants to grow very tall.
SEEDS OR SPORES
Reproduce
How new living things of the same kind are made
Seed A plant part that contains a tiny new plant, embryo Protects the new plant Contains food for the plant
Spore Plant cell that can grow into a new plant Form on the leaves When they drop to the ground, a new plant can
grow
GYMNOSPERMS
Vascular plants that produce seeds but do not produce flowers and fruits
Seeds are in hard berries or on woody structures called cones.
There are four main groups of gymnosperms
1) Conifers (usually pine trees) Evergreen-never loses its
leaves
2) Cycads
ANGIOSPERMS
Vascular plants that produce flowers Flowers make seeds as well as fruit to protect
seeds
CLASSIFYING FROM SEEDS
If you look inside a seed, you may see what looks like tiny leaves.
• These are called cotyledons• Angiosperms
are classified on how many cotyledons their seeds contain
CLASSIFYING FROM SEEDS
Angiosperms are classified on how many cotyledons their seeds contain
Angiosperms that produce seeds with one cotyledon are called monocots. Corn and palm trees are examples of
monocots
•Angiosperms that produce two cotyledons in a seed are called dicots. •Peas and squash plants are examples of
dicots
FERNS A common type of vascular plant
Have roots and leaves that contain vascular tissue
HOWEVER, ferns do not make seeds They use spores A spore is like a seed, but holds only half the
beginnings of a new plant inside They fall off, then germinate, and produce a different
plant
WHAT IS THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FERNS AND MOST
VASCULAR PLANTS?
Ferns reproduce by spores instead of seeds.
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Nonvascular plants absorb water like a sponge.
These plants DO NOT have specialized tube-like tissues.
Water passes directly from cell to cell
Nonvascular plants must be close to a water source.
They do not grow very tall because they do not the tube-like water transport system
CLASSIFYING PLANTS INTO SMALLER GROUPS
Scientists compare plants’ roots, stems, and leaves. Leaves have many shapes and sizes Vein patterns are different
Flowering plants have different flowers and seeds. They have different colors, sizes, shapes
and number of petals. Seeds also have different shapes, sizes and
colors