EQ13GVSC01

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MODULE I

Verbal Ability


Introduction to Sentence Completion - GRE


How Many Questions?

• In each Section (of 20 Qns) 6-7 Sentence Completion Qns

• Total : 12-14 Questions

• ALSO,– SC helps us master even “Sentence Equivalence(SE)”– Both SC and SE take LESS TIME to answer!


Types of Sentence Completion in CAT

• Type I– One Blank (with 4-5 options in Multiple choice format)

• Type II– TWO Blanks (with 4 options for each blank)

• Type III– THREE Blanks (with 4 options for each blank)


NO PARTIAL MARKING i.e. ALL the BLANKS MUST have correct options chosen!


TYPE I: Example

1. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the land fast ice so _______ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.

(A) permanently (B) imperceptibly (C) irregularly (D) precariously (E) slightly

b


TYPE II: ONE BLANK


2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (i)__________ as an artist increased, the more (ii)__________ his life became. Sample Question 3 Answers.

a. temperance d. tumultuous b. notoriety e. providential c. eminence f. dispassionate The correct answer is Choice C (eminence) and Choice D (tumultuous).


TYPE III


3. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (i)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (ii)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (iii)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet. Sample Question 1 Answers.

a. overshadowed d. enhance g. plausibility of hypothesis b. invalidated e. obscure h. certainty of our entitlement c. illuminated f. underscore i. superficiality of our theories

A,e,i


Pre-requisites and Learning Methodology

• Good Vocabulary (Foundation Module).• Understanding Through :– Indicators– Logical Deduction

• CLASSROOM Learning• Practice/Tests• Review


Methodology

Step 1: Read the sentence completely (WITHOUT LOOKING

at OPTIONS!)

Step 2: Identify the “Broad Situation” and “Indicators”

Decide, IF it is POSITIVE/NEGATIVE word in the Blank!

Step 3: “FIX” a “IMAGINARY WORD/PHRASE” based on

your understanding

Step 4: Look at options and CHOOSE the Word which is

CLOSEST IN MEANING!


Understanding INDICATORS!

i). Contrast Indicators - To contrast two things is to point out how they differ. In this type of sentence completion problem, we look for a word that has the opposite meaning (an antonym) of some key word or phrase in the sentence.

Following are some of the most common contrast indicators:

ButYetDespiteAlthoughHoweverNevertheless


Understanding INDICATORS!

Example: Although the warring parties had settled a number of disputes, past experience made them .......... to express optimism that the talks would be a success.

(A) rash (B) ambivalent (C) scornful (D) overjoyed (E) reticent

"Although" sets up a contrast between what has occurred--success on some issues--and what can be expected to occur– NO success for the whole talks. Hence, the parties are reluctant to express optimism. The common word "reluctant" is not offered as an answer-choice, but a synonym--reticent--is. The answer is (E).


Understanding INDICATORS!ii). Support Indicators - Supporting words support or further explain what has already been said. These words often introduce synonyms for words elsewhere in the sentence.

Following are some common supporting words: AndAlsoFurthermoreLikewiseIn AdditionExample: Davis is an opprobrious and .......... speaker, equally caustic toward friend or foe--a true curmudgeon.

(A) lofty (B) vituperative (C) unstinting (D) retiring (E) laudatory

"And" in the sentence indicates that the missing adjective is similar in meaning to "opprobrious," which is very negative. Now, vituperative--the only negative word--means "abusive." Hence, the answer is (B).


Few Important Rules Tips iii). Cause And Effect Indicators - These words indicate that one thing causes another to occur.

Some of the most common cause and effect indicators are

BecauseForThusHenceThereforeIf , Then .

Example: Because the House has the votes to override a presidential veto, the President has no choice but to ..........

(A) object (B) abdicate(C) abstain(D) capitulate (E) compromise

Since the House has the votes to pass the bill or motion, the President would be wise to compromise and make the best of the situation. The answer is (E).


Few Important Rules Tips iii) Apposition - This rather advanced grammatical structure is very common on the GRE. (Don't confuse "apposition" with "opposition": they have opposite meanings.)

Example: His novels are .......... ; he uses a long circumlocution when a direct coupling of a simple subject and verb would be best.

(A) prolix (B) pedestrian (C) succinct (D) vapid (E) rouge

The sentence has no linking words (such as because, although, etc.). Hence, the phrase following the semicolon is in apposition to the missing word--it defines or further clarifies the missing word. Now, writing filled with circumlocutions is aptly described as prolix. The answer is (A).


100 Words to Know for SC - I


Types of Power

• Military• Political• Economic• Judicial• Religious• Social


Recreate/ Copy Things..

• Copy• Emulate• Rebuilt – Built Again from Start (due to fault)

• Revived – bring back old form (before destruction, from semi-destroyed form)

• Reconstructed – Construct according to a description (from Start)

• Reformulated – Change the Ingredients of a substance


Types of Animals (Based on Food habits)

• Herbivorous – Eating Plants• Carnivorous – Eating Flesh• Omnivorous – Eating either of Plants/ Animals

• Nomadic – Roaming like “Desert” people

• Primordial – Very Beginning / Primitive of its kind

• Meandering – Roaming Around (without purpose)/ like a river

• Loitering – Wasting Time by Roaming


Confusing Words

• Compose – Create a Poem or Song

• Interspersed – Spread in-between an area

• Dotted – Borders Marked/ Highlighted

• Infiltrated – Forcefully Move-in

• Permeate – Come up from Gaps or Holes

• Imminent• Eminent• Ominous

• Meandering – Roaming Around (without purpose)/ like a river

• Loitering – Wasting Time by Roaming


Top “Hi-Freq” words in Todays Session

• Iconoclastic – “Icon” Criticism

• Reciprocally/ Reciprocate – Give as a reaction to

• Pretense – Enact to mislead

• Antagonism – Feeling of Enemies/ Hating GOOD People

• Rebel – Go Against / Physical Rebellion

• Fiction – Unreal/ Created

• Callous – Toughened/ Emotionally Tough/ Disregard for others

• Unassailable – Cannot be Defeated/ overcome


• Repugnance – Intense disgust/ Inconsistency • Ascetic – Simple, Down to Earth

• Ecclesiastical – Relating to Christian Church

• opprobrious – Disgraceful/ Shameful

• Hermetic – Not open to Ideas/ New

• Intrigued – Involving in deep thought

• Indifferent – NOT effected/ Reacting, apathy

• Plausible – Seeming Reasonable/ believable



• Vituperative – Bitter and Abusive

• Scornful – Feeling or Expressing Contempt/ Against

• Precariously – Dangerously

• Imperceptibly – Cannot be easily “perceived”/ known



TYPE I - Examples


Type I Examples 1/21. Crestfallen by having done poorly on the GRE, Susan began to question her

abilities. Her self-confidence was ..........

(A) appeased (B) destroyed (C) placated (D) elevated (E) sustained

2. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the land fast ice so _______ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.

(A) permanently (B) imperceptibly (C) irregularly (D) precariously (E) slightly


Class HO Questions 1) Although the overwhelming majority of people consider themselves Roman Catholics, and many, especially the women, are devoutly faithful, the church has less ---------- influence than in most Latin American countries and practically no political power.

a) militaryb) economicc) judiciald) religiouse) social

2) If the city had been swallowed up in an earthquake and the playwright's comedies recovered by some later age, the life of the capital could have been -------- from them.

a) rebuiltb) revivedc) reconstructedd) predictede) reformulated


Class HO Questions 3) Below the northern counties, the river passes through a succession of rapids and shallows------------with rocks and sand banks, where it has cut a passage for itself through a cross chain of hills.

a) composedb) interspersedc) dottedd) infiltratede) permeated

4) The stories were----------suited to inspire endurance and hope in the midst of a terrible persecution, while the visions created a keen expectation of the immediate end of the foreign tyranny and the founding of an imperishable state.

a) imminentlyb) nicelyc) ominouslyd) eminentlye) terribly


Class HO Questions 6) Perhaps predictably, since an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader, it has been the ---------- Presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses.

a) exceptionalb) famousc) undeniablyd) reciprocallye) impractically

11) Just as the astrology was for centuries-----------faith, countering the strength of established churches, so today believing in astrology is an act of ------------- the professional sciences.

a) an individual------------rebellion byb) an accepted----------antagonism towardc) an underground---------defiance againstd) a heretical------------support fore) an unknown---------concern about

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EQ13GVSC01

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