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Equine Breeds
Mr. Dieckhoff
Equine Science
Terminology
Color Patterns
• Bay – brown with black mane & tail
• Chestnut – dark brown with brown mane & tail
• Sorrel – light brown with brown mane & tail
• Grey• Black• White• Palomino – brown with white
mane & tail• Buckskin – yellow with black
mane & tail• Dun – yellow with dorsal stripe• Roan – mix of red/white or
blue/white
Gaits
1. Walk – slowest, 4 beats
2. Trot – 2 beats, legs are diagonal pairs
3. Pace – 2 beats, legs are in side pairs
4. Canter – 3 beats
5. Gallop – 4 beats, fastest
6. Rack – walking behind and trotting in front
Practice Gaits
Light Horses
• At least 14.2 hands tall at the withers
• 900 - 1400 pounds• Most common type of
horse in the United States
Appaloosa
• Well known for speed• Used by the Nez
Pence Indians as war horses
• Originated from Spanish horses left behind by explorers
Arabian
• Originated from Bedouin desert
• Most ancient breed• Known for strength
and stamina• Small muzzle• High tail setting• Short back
Morgan
• Developed in the United States
• America’s first breed of light horse
• Descended from one horse, Justin Morgan
Paint
• Stock Horse• Splotched Markings• Known for muscle
American Quarter Horse
• Developed in the United States as a race horse
• Named for their fast times in the 1/4 mile
• Known for speed, strength & intelligence
• Most popular horse breed in the world
Saddlebred
• Developed in the United States
• Ridden by many famous riders– Paul Revere
– Daniel Boone
– Ulysses S. Grant
– Stonewall Jackson
– Robert E. Lee
Standardbred
• Fastest harness horse in the world
• Name comes from the fact that the horses must meet a “specific” standard.
• Bay, brown or black in color
Tennessee Walking Horse
• Originated in Tennessee
• Possess a unique running walk gait
• Very easy to ride• Preferred horse of
traveling preachers
Missouri Fox Trotter
• Known for its unique gait
• Used for pleasure
Thoroughbred
• Designed to sustain speed over distances while carrying weight
• Average 16 hands in height
• Revolutionized the racing industry
Draft Horse Breeds
Belgian
• Originated in Belgium• American Belgian
Association is headquartered in Wabash, IN
Clydesdale
• Developed in Scotland• Commonly bay in
color• Known for four white
socks with hairy fetlocks
• Made famous in US beer commercials
Percheron• Unclear origin• The oldest equine
breed• Most popular draft
breed in the early 1900s
Shire
• Developed in England• Most common draft
breed in England• Once used to carry
knights into battle• Mostly black with
white legs