Equipment for Engineering Education SOLTEQ ® FILM AND DROPWISE CONDENSATION UNIT MODEL: HE 163 his Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit (Model: HE 163) has been specially developed for use in student’s teaching and demonstration purposes. It will enable students to visually observe the process of heat transfer during condensation, as well as gather experimental data for a better theoretical understanding. The unit is a self contained T DESCRIPTION Condensation of steam on the surface of a condenser causes heat to transfer from the steam into the cooling medium flowing through the condenser. This type of heat transfer may occur at very high fluxes depending on the conditions at the condenser surface. Steam may condense in two different manners--filmwise or dropwise. For the same operating conditions, dropwise condensation exhibits a much higher and efficient heat transfer compared to filmwise condensation. Although dropwise condensation is always desirable, it seldom occurs in practice for a continuous period of time. bench top unit, with an integrated steam generator and air extraction system. The main components in the unit are the specially designed condensers for the observation of both filmwise and dropwise condensation. Rev1.0 16/06/2011
Transcript
Equipment for Engineering EducationSOLTEQ®
FILM AND DROPWISE
CONDENSATION UNITMODEL: HE 163
his Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit (Model: HE 163) has been specially developed for use in student’s
teaching and demonstration purposes. It will enable students to visually observe the process of heat transfer during
condensation, as well as gather experimental data for a better theoretical understanding. The unit is a self containedT
DESCRIPTION
Condensation of steam on the surface of a condenser causes heat to transfer from the steam into the cooling medium flowing
through the condenser. This type of heat transfer may occur at very high fluxes depending on the conditions at the condenser
surface. Steam may condense in two different manners--filmwise or dropwise. For the same operating conditions, dropwise
condensation exhibits a much higher and efficient heat transfer compared to filmwise condensation. Although dropwise
condensation is always desirable, it seldom occurs in practice for a continuous period of time.
bench top unit, with an integrated steam generator and air extraction system. The main components in the unit are the specially
designed condensers for the observation of both filmwise and dropwise condensation.
Rev1.0 16/06/2011
SOLTEQ®Equipment for Engineering Education & Research
SOLTEQ
b) Condenser
Type : Two water-cooled condenser fabricated
from copper and brass
Diameter : 12.7 mm
Length : 120 mm
Material : Gold plated (dropwise condenser)
Natural finish (filmwise condenser)
Fitted with 3 thermocouples to measure the mean metal
temperature and 2 thermocouples to measure the inlet
and outlet water temperatures.
c) Heating Element
Coiled heater with thermal protection
Power : 3 kW
Control : Triac control between 0.4 to 3.0 kW
d) Air Extraction System
Air cooler, separator and water jet vacuum pump
e) Instrumentations
Temperature sensors at all important points.
Pressure sensor to measure the chamber pressure.
Flow meters to measure the water flow rate through the
condensers:
Dropwise condenser : 0.4 to 4.0 LPM
Filmwise condenser : 0.1 to 1.0 LPM
f) Safety Features
Pressure switch to turn off the heater when chamber
pressure exceeds 1.20 abs bar, pressure relief valve to
discharge at 1.50 abs bar.
Filmwise Condensation
Most heat transfer surfaces on a heat exchanger are made of
‘wettable’ materials. During condensation, a film of
condensate spreads over these surfaces. As more vapor
condenses on the outside of the film, its thickness increases
and the film will start flowing downwards due to its weight.
Heat transfer occurs through this film of condensate to the
surface material beneath, then to the cooling medium. The
liquid film is generally a poor conductor of heat,
contributing much to the thermal resistance and inefficiency
of this mode of condensation.
Dropwise condensation
If the heat transfer surfaces are treated to become ‘non-
wettable’, the condensate that forms on the surface will be
shaped like spherical beads. These beads adheres together
to become larger as condensation proceeds. The bigger
beads will then start to flow downwards due to their weight,
thus collecting all other static beads along the way. As the
beads increase in size, the velocity increases, finally leaving
a trail of bare surface free from liquid film. This bare surface
offers very little resistance to the transfer of heat. Therefore,
very high heat fluxes are possible.
The advantages of dropwise over filmwise condensation are
apparent, resulting in a smaller heat transfer area, smaller
temperature difference or larger heat transfer rate for a fixed
set of conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
♦ Visual observation of filmwise and dropwise
condensation, as well as nucleate boiling.
♦ Determination of heat flux and heat transfer
coefficients in both filmwise and dropwise
condensation at different operating pressures.
♦ Investigation on the relationship between saturation
pressure and temperature for water up to 100°C.
♦ Study on the effect of presence of air in the
condensers.
♦ Demonstration of Daltons Law.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
a) Steam Chamber
Type : Borosilicate glass cylinder with flanged
ends and covers
Outer Diameter : 105 mm
Height : 400 mm
Thickness : 5 mm
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SOLTEQ®Equipment for Engineering Education & Research
SOLTEQ
OPTIONAL ITEMS
- EI
DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION
i) 2 units of electronic flowmeter
ii) 1 unit of pressure transmitter
iii) 7 units of temperature sensor
iv) 1 unit of power transducer
v) 7 units of digital display
-DAS
SOLDAS DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
i) A PC with latest Pentium Processor
ii) An electronic signal conditioning system
iii) Stand alone data acquisition modules
iv) Windows based software
♦ Data Logging
♦ Signal Analysis
♦ Process Control
♦ Real-Time Display
♦ Tabulated Results
♦ Graph of Experimental Results
- CAL
SOLCAL COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING SOFTWARE
i) Interactive multimedia features
ii) Graphical simulation
iii) Experiment results samples
iv) Full experiment manuals
REQUIREMENTS
Electricity : 240 VAC / 1-Phase / 50Hz
Water : Continuous water supply (Min. 10 LPM @
2 to 3 bar)
OVERALL DIMENSION
Height : 0.71 m
Width : 0.71 m
Depth : 0.24 m
MANUAL
The unit is supplied with Operating and Experiment manuals
in English giving full descriptions of the unit, summary of
theory, experimental procedures and typical experimental
results.
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SOFTWARE & E-LEARNING
Our range of teaching equipment can be complemented with our
SOLDAS and SOLCAL software.
SOLDAS - Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
- Data Logging
- Signal Analysis
- Process Control
- Real-Time Display
- Tabulated Results
- Graph of Experiment Results
SOLCAL - Computer Aided Learning
- Multimedia Features
- Interactive
- Graphic Simulation
- Samples of Experiment Result
- Full Experiment Manuals
Contact us for a catalog CD
SOLUTION ENGINEERING SDN. BHD.(Co. No. 174876-M)
Sales Office :
No.3, Jalan TPK 2/4, Taman Perindustrian Kinrara,47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.Tel. No. : +(603) 80758000
Fax. No. : +(603) 80755784
R&D Office :
G-2A, Incubator 3, Technology Park Malaysia,Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Tel. No. : +(603) 8996 0023
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