EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS USING DOWTHERM HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

USING DOWTHERMHEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

Includes heat transfer systemhardware and fabrication guidelines

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I. Engineering /Consulting Firms ......................................................................... 3

II. Heaters and VaporizersComparison of Steam and DOWTHERM Products ...................................... 4Description, Operation, and Maintenance .............................................. 4Manufacturers

Heaters and Vaporizers ............................................................... 4–5Heat Exchangers ............................................................................. 5Processing Equipment .................................................................... 5Specialized Equipment .............................................................. 5–6

III. PumpsCentrifugal Process Pumps ................................................................... 6–7Canned Motor and Magnetically Coupled Pumps .................................. 7Mechanical Seals ..................................................................................... 7Packing ................................................................................................... 8Expansion Joints ...................................................................................... 8

IV. InstrumentsInstrumentation and Controls ............................................................... 10Temperature Instruments and Controllers ............................................ 10Flow Instruments and Controllers ......................................................... 10Automatic Control Valves .................................................................... 10Pressure Gauges and Controllers ........................................................... 11Level Controllers and Switches ............................................................. 11Level Gauges .......................................................................................... 11

V. Miscellaneous EquipmentSafety Valves .......................................................................................... 12Traps ....................................................................................................... 12Tanks and Jacketed Vessels ................................................................... 12Purification Units .................................................................................. 12Insulation ............................................................................................... 12Filters ...................................................................................................... 13

VI. Piping SpecificationsPipe ......................................................................................................... 14Pipe Fittings ........................................................................................... 14Flanges and Gaskets ............................................................................... 15Flange Bolts, Studs, and Nuts ................................................................ 15Joint (Thread) Compounds ................................................................... 15Bolt Lubricants ....................................................................................... 15Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Flanges ....................................... 16–17Instrumentation Piping .......................................................................... 18Gate Valves for Instrument Lines .......................................................... 18Methods of Making Branch Connections ............................................. 18Shutoff and Throttling Valves ............................................................... 18

Tight Shutoff Valves .................................................................... 18Globe Valves ................................................................................ 19Gate Valves .................................................................................. 19Check Valves ................................................................................ 19Valve Manufacturers .................................................................... 20

VII. Index to Suppliers ................................................................................. 21–23

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

INTRODUCTION

This brochure describes equipmentutilized in systems that employDOWTHERM* heat transfer fluids.It also includes convenient listsof equipment suppliers. Thesesuppliers represent a portion ofthose who are capable of providinghigh-temperature equipment.Section VI of this brochure listspiping specifications that havebeen developed by The DowChemical Company for use inprocesses within our own produc-tion facilities.

References to a supplier orproduct by name does not implyapproval or recommendation byDow of any supplier or productto the exclusion of others thatmay be suitable for the intendedpurpose. Dow neither endorsesthe suppliers or productsmentioned nor guaranteestheir performance. It is theuser’s responsibility to selectsuppliers and determine productperformance for user’s intendedapplication.

I. ENGINEERING/CONSULTING FIRMS

The Dow Chemical Company isnot in a position to design equip-ment for customer use. We suggestthat you consult with competentengineering companies, consult-ants, or equipment fabricatorsexperienced with systems utilizingDOWTHERM fluids. A selective listof experienced engineering firmsfollows:

Sources for Engineering Services

ABB Lummus Heat TransferA Division of ABB Lummus Crest,IncorporatedBloomfield, New Jersey

American Econo-Therm DivisionPetro-Chem DevelopmentCompany, IncorporatedTulsa, Oklahoma

American Hydrotherm CorporationNew York, New York

American Schack Company,IncorporatedPittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Artisan Industries, IncorporatedWaltham, Massachusetts

Bechtel Group, IncorporatedSan Francisco, California

John Brown E & C, IncorporatedStamford, Connecticut

Brown & Root, Inc.A Subsidiary of Halliburton CompanyHouston, Texas

BS&B Process Systems,IncorporatedHouston, Texas

Dow Engineering CompanyHouston, Texas

First Thermal Systems, IncorporatedChattanooga, Tennessee

Fluor Daniel, IncorporatedA Subsidiary of Fluor CorporationIrvine, California

Foster Wheeler USA CorporationClinton, New Jersey

Heatec, IncorporatedAn ASTEC CompanyChattanooga, Tennessee

The International BoilerWorks CompanyMiami Lakes, Florida

Lockwood Greene Engineers,IncorporatedSpartanburg, South Carolina

Michigan Science &Engineering AssociatesAnn Arbor, Michigan

The Ralph M. Parsons CorporationPasadena, California

Petro-Chem DevelopmentCompany, IncorporatedNew York, New York

Pfaudler—U.S., IncorporatedRochester, New York

Raytheon Engineers &Constructors, Inc.Denver, Colorado/Philadelphia,Pennsylvania/Lexington, Massachusetts

Stone & Webster EngineeringCorporationBoston, Massachusetts

Sverdrup Technology, IncorporatedSverdrup CorporationTullahoma, Tennessee

Troubleshooting Consultants

These consultants provide serviceson special problems, includingproblems with mechanical seals,heater and vaporizer scale-up, heatexchangers, processing equipment,and process pumps.

Michigan Science &Engineering AssociatesAnn Arbor, Michigan

Walter F. Seifert,Consulting EngineerMidland, Michigan

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liquid-tube and fire-tube types, thelatter are available as both verticaland horizontal units.

Liquid heaters, in general, use forcedcirculation. However, if DOWTHERMfluid is used in the vapor state, thehot liquid and vapor go to a separatordrum. The vapor from the separatordrum then goes to the heat user,while the liquid is recycled.

Vaporizers should never be referredto as boilers, since they may then beconfused with ordinary steam boilers.Such confusion is highly undesirablebecause many of the insurance andlocal code restrictions under whichsteam boilers operate are inapplicableto vaporizers for DOWTHERM fluid.Steam boilers have screwed fittings andgenerally operate at much higher heatfluxes than vaporizers for Dowthermfluids. Steam boilers should never beconverted to vaporizers for Dowthermfluids except under the guidance of themanufacturer.

The capacities of vaporizers andheaters range from a few thousandBtu to over 150 million Btu per hour.Higher-capacity units can be built;however, multiple units may bepreferred because of their greateroperating flexibility.

The thermal efficiencies of vaporizersand heaters for DOWTHERM fluids arebetween 65 and 90 percent (basedon the net heating value of the fuel).Where high efficiencies are desired,air preheaters must be used. In manyunits, convection sections andeconomizers, as well as gas-liquidpreheaters, have been employed toincrease heat efficiency.

Vaporizers should be designed to en-sure adequate circulation of mediumand to prevent stagnant liquid pockets.A high circulation rate minimizes theformation of higher-molecular-weightdegradation products. Heater tubesmust be tightly secured to headers andvaporizer drums. Generally, the tubesare both expanded and welded intoheaders.

Fuel burners on vaporizers are generallycontrolled by fuel-throttling valves,actuated either by the pressure ortemperature of the vapor. Burners on

II. HEATERS AND VAPORIZERS

Comparison of Steam andDOWTHERM Products

Systems designed for DOWTHERMheat transfer fluids are, in general,similar to systems that employ steam.However, steam and DOWTHERMfluids do display a number of differ-ences that must be considered whendesigning any particular system.

DOWTHERM fluids differ from steamas follows:

1. Their vapors are heavier than air;steam is lighter than air.

2. They are flammable or combustible.

3. They will not cause scaling, norare they corrosive toward standardmaterials of construction.

4. They contract, rather thanexpand, upon freezing.

5. They can usually be regeneratedafter years of use.

6. As organic fluids, they have lowsurface tension and viscosities;therefore, systems must be tightwhen these media are introduced.

The most important differencebetween steam and DOWTHERMheat transfer fluids is the lower vaporpressure exhibited by the latter. Forexample, while steam at 500°F has apressure of 696 psig, DOWTHERM Afluid operates at atmospheric pres-sure. Similar differences exist withthe other DOWTHERM fluids.

Description, Operation,and Maintenance

When a DOWTHERM heat transferfluid is used in the liquid state, theunit for heating is called a heater;when it is vaporized, the unit iscalled a vaporizer.

Vaporizers use both natural andforced circulation. Natural circula-tion vaporizers are subdivided into

Manufacturers of Heatersand VaporizersABB Lummus Heat TransferA Division of ABB Lummus Crest,IncorporatedBloomfield, New Jersey

American Econo-Therm DivisionPetro-Chem Development Company,IncorporatedTulsa, Oklahoma




BS&B Process Systems, IncorporatedHouston, Texas

The Bethlehem CorporationProcess Equipment GroupEaston, Pennsylvania

G. C. Broach CompanyTulsa, Oklahoma

liquid heaters are similarly controlledby the exit temperature of the liquid.The instruments which regulate fuelflow may also be used to record thetemperature and pressure of the liquid,or separate instruments may beemployed. It is important to measureboth temperature and pressure invapor systems. If the two do not cor-respond, it is an immediate indicationthat a contaminant is present in thesystem.

A temperature indicator shouldbe installed in the stack to givean indication of unit efficiency andto provide a warning of potentialoperational problems.

Since heaters and vaporizers forDOWTHERM heat transfer fluidsincorporate special design features,they should be purchased only frommanufacturers who are experiencedin designing and constructing them.Some manufacturers are listed in thefollowing section. Listed on pages 5and 6 are manufacturers of heatexchangers, processing equipment,and specialized equipment.

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Brown Fired Heater DivisionEnercon Systems, IncorporatedElyria, Ohio

ChromaloxEdwin L. Wiegand Industrial Division,Emerson Electric CompanyPittsburgh, Pennsylvania



Fulton Thermal CorporationPulaski, New York


Hynes Electric Heating CompanyVaporizersSubsidiary of INDEECOSt. Louis, Missouri

INDEECO (Industrial Engineeringand Equipment Company)St. Louis, Missouri

The International Boiler WorksCompanyMiami Lakes, Florida

Manning & Lewis EngineeringCompanyUnion, New Jersey

Petro-Chem Development Company,IncorporatedNew York, New York

Riley Stoker CorporationWorcester, Massachusetts

Struthers-Wells CorporationWarren, Pennsylvania

SUPER-TROL DivisionEnercon Systems, IncorporatedElyria, Ohio

Thermoflux, IncorporatedTulsa, Oklahoma

Wellman ThermalShelbyville, Indiana

Manufacturers of Heat ExchangersABB Lummus Heat TransferA Division of ABB Lummus Crest,IncorporatedBloomfield, New Jersey




Cherry-Burrell ProcessEquipment DivisionA United Dominion CompanyLouisville, Kentucky

DEC InternationalEngineered Products GroupMadison, Wisconsin



ITT StandardBuffalo, New York



Struthers-Wells CorporationWarren, Pennsylvania


Manufacturers of ProcessingEquipmentAmerican Econo-Therm DivisionPetro-Chem Development Company,IncorporatedTulsa, Oklahoma


Blaw Knox Food & ChemicalEquipment Company, IncorporatedBuffalo, New York

G. C. Broach CompanyTulsa, Oklahoma


BS&B Process Systems, IncorporatedHouston, Texas

Cherry-Burrell ProcessEquipment DivisionA United Dominion CompanyLouisville, Kentucky

The Duriron Company, IncorporatedPump DivisionValve DivisionDayton, Ohio


Fisher Controls International,IncorporatedMarshalltown, Iowa



INDEECO (Industrial Engineering& Equipment Company)St. Louis, Missouri

Invalco, IncorporatedDivision of National Tank CompanyHutchinson, Kansas


Marine & PetroleumManufacturing, IncorporatedFreeport, Texas

Petro-Chem DevelopmentCompany, IncorporatedNew York, New York



Manufacturers ofSpecialized EquipmentABB Lummus Heat TransferA Division of ABB Lummus Crest,IncorporatedBloomfield, New Jersey(Pyrolysis heaters, coking heaters,visbreaker heaters, VCM heaters, EDCheaters)

American Hydrotherm CorporationNew York, New York(Electric and fired heat transfer fluidsystems)

American Schack Company,IncorporatedPittsburgh, Pennsylvania(Recuperators)

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III. PUMPS

Centrifugal Process Pumps

Heavy-duty, centrifugal processpumps constructed of cast steel anddesigned for operation at hightemperatures are recommended forDOWTHERM heat transfer media.Pumps should be equipped with agood water-cooled stuffing box andpreferably a hard alloy or plated shaftsleeve. In high-temperature opera-tion (usually above 350°F or 175°C),pumps should be equipped withwater-cooled bearings and havecenterline construction rather thanfoot mountings. Such constructionallows expansion in all directions,thus alleviating possible stress on theshaft and resultant misalignment,bearing wear, seal failure, and so on.It is also important that no stress betransmitted to the pump from thepiping due to change in the tempera-ture of the system.

It is advisable to protect pumpsagainst freeze-ups. Pumps usingmechanical seals should be rotated byhand before power-starting to makesure seal parts are not frozen in themedium.

Gear pumps with hardened steelgears and greater-than-normalclearances can be used withDOWTHERM heat transfer media atlower temperatures. Reciprocatingpumps are not recommended becauseDOWTHERM fluids have limitedlubricating properties; metal-to-metalcontact may cause seizing.

Lantern rings are not normallyrecommended for use with packedpumps unless the pumps are operatedwith a vacuum on the suction side.When a lantern ring is used, it is bestconnected to a source of coldmedium at atmospheric pressure.

Sufficient static liquid head to pre-vent cavitation should be maintainedat all times on the suction side ofcentrifugal pumps.

Ametek, IncorporatedThermox Instruments DivisionPittsburgh, Pennsylvania(Combustion air analyzers)

Artisan Industries, IncorporatedWaltham, Massachusetts(Thin film evaporators, heat ex-changers, and reactors)

The Bethlehem CorporationProcess Equipment GroupEaston, Pennsylvania(Indirect heat transfer-dryers)

Blaw Knox Food & ChemicalEquipment Company, IncorporatedBuffalo, New York(Dryers, flakers, evaporators, reac-tors)

G. C. Broach CompanyTulsa, Oklahoma(Waste heat recovery boilers)

Brown Fired Heater DivisionEnercon Systems, IncorporatedElyria, Ohio(Gas-fired fluid heaters)

Cherry-Burrell ProcessEquipment DivisionA United Dominion CompanyLouisville, Kentucky(Turba-film evaporators and semi-continuous deodorizers)

Clark-Reliance CorporationCleveland, Ohio(Level gauges, “water” columns)

Crosby Valve & Gage CompanyA Moorco CompanyWrentham, Massachusetts(JOS/JBS pressure relief valves)

DEC InternationalEngineered Products GroupMadison, Wisconsin(Plate- or panel-type coils)

Dickow Pump CompanyMarietta, Georgia(Pumps that require no cooling waterto 750°F)

Fisher Controls International,IncorporatedMarshalltown, Iowa(Cavitation and noise control trimfor control valves, rotary valves)

Heatec, IncorporatedAn ASTEC CompanyChattanooga, Tennessee(Process heaters, jacketed vessels)

Hynes Electric Heating CompanySubsidiary of INDEECOSt. Louis, Missouri(Vaporizers)

INDEECO (Industrial Engineering& Equipment Company)St. Louis, Missouri(Process heaters, electric heaters,electric heat transfer fluid systems)

Invalco, IncorporatedDivision of National Tank CompanyHutchinson, Kansas(Oil/water analyzers and monitors,flow instruments and controllers)

The Kontro Company, IncorporatedOrange, Massachusetts(Magnet drive centrifugal pumps forheat transfer fluid systems)

Manning & LewisEngineering CompanyUnion, New Jersey(Scraped-surface heat exchangers)

Masoneilan North AmericaDresser Valve and Controls Division,Dresser Industries, IncorporatedHouston, Texas(Steam and air regulating valves)

Pfaudler—U.S., IncorporatedRochester, New York(Corrosion-resistant glass-linedreactors and mixing systems)

Spirax SarcoAllentown, Pennsylvania(Vapor-operated non-electric pumps)

Struthers-Wells CorporationWarren, Pennsylvania(Electric heaters, heat recoveryequipment)

SUPER-TROL DivisionEnercon Systems, IncorporatedElyria, Ohio(Circulating fluid heat transfersystems)

Henry Vogt Machine CompanyLouisville, Kentucky(Heat recovery steam generators)

Worcester ControlsMarlborough, Massachusetts(Block valves, throttling and fugitiveemission valves)

Yarway CorporationBlue Bell, Pennsylvania(Combination valves: pressure re-duction and de-superheating. Alsocentrifugal pump protection valves)

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Manufacturers of CentrifugalProcess Pumps

Pumps commonly used in systemsutilizing high-temperatureDOWTHERM fluids are manufac-tured by the following companies:

Buffalo PumpsAn AMPCO-Pittsburgh CompanyNorth Tonawanda, New York

BW/IP International, IncorporatedPump Division(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)Long Beach, California

Dean Pump DivisionMET-PRO CorporationIndianapolis, Indiana

The Duriron Company, IncorporatedPump DivisionDayton, Ohio

Goulds Pumps, IncorporatedSeneca Falls, New York

Ingersoll-Dresser Pump CompanyHuntington Park, California

Sundstrand Fluid HandlingDivision of Milton Roy CompanySubsidiary of Sundstrand CorporationArvada, Colorado

Union Pump CompanyBattle Creek, Michigan

Yarway CorporationBlue Bell, Pennsylvania

Canned Motor andMagnetically Coupled Pumps

These types of pumps are seeingincreased use in DOWTHERM fluidapplications. The rotating parts ofthe pump are contained in a thinwelded can rather than using amechanical seal or packing. Thishelps to eliminate the leak pathassociated with packing and me-chanical seals, and their respectivemaintenance. The tradeoff in usingthis equipment is that canned andmagnetically coupled pumps are lessefficient than mechanical sealedpumps. Because of the vulnerabilityof the thin can pump housing, leak

detection equipment and secondarycan containment should be consid-ered. Many manufacturers willprovide this extra protection atadditional cost. In specifying thesepumps, care must be taken toconsider all conditions, from coldstartup to maximum operatingconditions and back down to ambienttemperature. Anticipated temper-ature swings and higher than normaltemperatures or pressures should alsobe taken into consideration.

Manufacturers of Canned Motoror Magnetically Coupled Pumps

Buffalo Pumps, IncorporatedAn AMPCO-Pittsburgh CompanyNorth Tonawanda, New York

BW/IP International, IncorporatedPump Division(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)Long Beach, California

Chempump DivisionCrane CompanyWarington, Pennsylvania

Dean Pump DivisionMET-PRO CorporationIndianapolis, Indiana

Dickow Pump CompanyMarietta, Georgia

The Duriron Company, IncorporatedPump DivisionDayton, Ohio

The Kontro Company, IncorporatedOrange, Massachusetts

Sundstrand Fluid HandlingDivision of Milton Roy CompanySubsidiary of Sundstrand CorporationArvada, Colorado


Mechanical Seals

Many pumps in service withDOWTHERM heat transfer fluid havemechanical seals. Mechanical sealshave wide acceptance for servicewith DOWTHERM fluid because oftheir superior performance overpacking. Industrial experience

indicates that the metal bellowsseal is preferred over other types.Mechanical seals, as opposed topacking, can ensure essentially zeroleakage. This is especially importantfor liquid service in poorly ventilatedareas because of the distinctive odorof the media. Major causes of poorseal performance include improperinstallation, excessive temperature atthe faces, face distortion, and systemcontamination. When seals areinstalled, strict cleanliness must beobserved. Fingerprints on the sealface can cause temporary leaks, andmicroscopic dust particles can causethe seal to leak permanently. Ideally,work should be done with cleanhands, clean equipment, and in aclean area. Some seal manufacturerswill, upon request, supervise theinstallation of their seals.

The design of the pump and of themechanical seal is important. Thepump should have a water-cooledstuffing box, and the seal should havethe proper face surfaces and second-ary seals to withstand system operat-ing temperatures. Some seal vendorsrecommend water cooling on the sealgland itself. It is also recommendedthat a small stream of fluid from thedischarge of the pump be filtered andthen put into the stuffing box at theseal surfaces to flush any abrasiveparticles away from the seal. Thisside stream is often cooled to giveadditional cooling at the seal face.

A mechanical seal is a precision-machined piece of equipment andshould be handled with a great dealof care and regard for cleanlinesswhile it is being installed in the pump.After the seal is properly in place, thepump should be installed to preventany strain from the piping and/ormotor alignment. The most com-mon cause of such strain is thermalexpansion. This can be alleviated byincluding expansion loops, joints, orflexibly supported piping as long asthese items are subject to a rigorousmaintenance schedule.

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A mechanically sealed pumpshould be manually operated priorto startup to ensure a floodedstuffing box and faces that are freeto rotate. This means that both thesuction and discharge valves shouldbe opened and the shaft rotated byhand. To prevent seal problems,the valve on the discharge lineshould be closed when the pump isstarted. (The valve on the suctionline should be open.) The pump isstarted, then the discharge valve isopened. For complete instructions,consult the manufacturer. Propermaintenance of such a pumprequires that the same degree ofcare be taken in its repair as wastaken in its origi-nal design andinstallation.

Manufacturers ofMechanical Seals

BW/IP International IncorporatedSeal DivisionLong Beach, California(Metal bellows seal Types BXRH,BXH, BRC)

A. W. Chesterton CompanyStoneham, Massachusetts(Chesterton Style 123, 153, and155 cartridge seals)

John Crane IncorporatedMorton Grove, Illinois(John Crane Types 8 and 9, andTypes 315 and 715 seals)

Durametallic CorporationKalamazoo, Michigan(PBR metal bellows DURASEAL®)

EG&G SealolIndustrial Sealing DivisionCranston, Rhode Island(Metal bellows seals)

Fisher Controls International,IncorporatedMarshalltown, Iowa(ENVIRO-SEAL™ bellows forcontrol valves)

Worcester ControlsMarlborough, Massachusetts(TEFLON®, PEEK, metal)

Packing

Aluminum packing and flexiblegraphite packing are used for pumpstuffing boxes. To ensure properinstal-lation, a good hardened shaftor shaft sleeve with a Brinellhardness of 600 or greater, a goodstuffing box, careful packing orinstallation, and careful take-upof the packing gland are of primeimportance.

Considerable care is required withmetallic foil packing. It is relativelyinflexible and, if handled improp-erly, may bind in the box. The ringsshould therefore be die-cut to thesize of the stuffing box and eachone carefully tamped in placebefore the next is added. Becausepacking material is always beingimproved, it is suggested that thepump manufacturer be contactedperiodically regarding possible newmaterials. Use flexible graphitepacking for valves.

Lubricants should never be used onpacking for stuffing boxes. Lubricantsare soluble in DOWTHERM fluid andhave much lower thermal stabilities.As a result, they will act as contami-nants and may cause difficulty bydecomposing in the system. Stuffingbox and bearing fluid cooling arerecommended.

Manufacturers of Packing

Packing made by the followingmanufacturers is presently utilizedin systems using DOWTHERM fluids:

JM Clipper CorporationDenver, Colorado(J-M 395 aluminum)

John Crane IncorporatedMorton Grove, Illinois(Styles 100 and 124—aluminum)

Durametallic CorporationKalamazoo, Michigan(D-10 aluminum)

Flexitallic, IncorporatedPennsauken, New Jersey(FLEXICARB® flexible graphitepacking)

Fisher Controls International,IncorporatedMarshalltown, Iowa(ENVIRO-SEAL™ packing systemsfor fugitive emissions control)

UCAR Carbon Company,IncorporatedCleveland, Ohio(GRAFOIL® flexible graphitepacking Grade GT2)

Worcester ControlsMarlborough, Massachusetts(TEFLON®, graphite)

Expansion Joints

The following measures should beconsidered to relieve stress in pipingdue to high-temperature expansion.

1. Steel pipe expansion loops orsteel pipe “U” bends

2. Bellows-type expansion joints

3. High-temperature flexiblemetal hose

These items should only be used ifthey are subject to a rigorous mainte-nance schedule. Steel pipe “U” bendsor loops are the most common meansof relieving stress.

There are many successful applica-tions using stainless steel alloyexpansion joints in industrial heattransfer systems when these items aresubject to a rigorous maintenanceschedule. However, on occasion,austenitic stainless steel bellows jointshave failed due to contamination ofthe fluid with inorganic chlorideions. This contamination hasresulted in stress-corrosion cracking.Failure has also occurred fromimproper installation. If experienceindicates stress-corrosion cracking tobe a problem, a steel pipe loop or “U”bend should be utilized. If that is notfeasible, a bellows-type expansionjoint made of an alloy such asInconel 600 or Monel 400 should beused. If a bellows expansion joint isconsidered, the recommendation ofthe manufacturer should be obtained.

Figure 1 illustrates the piping arrange-ment of a pump for DOWTHERM fluid.

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Figure 1— Piping of Pump for DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluid

10. Needle valve.

11. Filter.

12. Cooler.

13. Flow indicator.

14. Temperature indicator. (Normaloperation, 250°F, maximum.)

15. Mechanical seal coolant (DOWTHERMmedium) and flush-through stuffing box.

16. Bearing cooling (normally water).

17. Drain.

18. At least two pipe diameters tostraighten out flow.

19.Flexible connection or expansion jointsto prevent thermal strains in pipingfrom being transmitted to pump. Theseexpansion bellows must be restrained toprevent thrust from the fluid pressure onthe pump casing.

20. If reduction is necessary on the suction,an eccentric reducer should be used withthe top side horizontal.

21.Allow space all around for servicinggland or seal, coupling, and motor.

1. Support discharge line to relieve pump ofthermal and mechanical strains, providingadjustment for gasket replacement.

2. Drain or sample valve.

3. Shutoff valve.

4. Check valve.

5. Pressure gauge.

6. Vent and drain plugs in casing.

7. Coupling guard.

8. Lubrication and vent.

9. Stuffing box coolant (normally water).

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IV. INSTRUMENTS

Instrumentationand Controls

In general, industrial type instru-ments and automatic controls areentirely satisfactory for use withDOWTHERM heat transfer fluidproviding the following recommen-dations are observed. Copper orcopper alloys should not be usedwith DOWTHERM fluid in pressurevessels operating above 400°F. Ifcopper is required for processingreasons, only knowledgeableequipment vendors should becontacted.

Temperature Instrumentsand Controllers

Industrial-type temperature instru-ments such as bimetallic thermom-eters; remote bulb, capillary orpotentiometer-type temperatureindicators; recorders and/or con-trollers are entirely satisfactory formeasuring the temperature of amedium in either the liquid orvapor state. However, the instru-ment must have a suitable rangeand the sensing element (bulb orthermocouple) must be installed ina suitable thermowell.

Flow Instrumentsand Controllers

The flow of DOWTHERM fluid,either liquid or vapor phase, can bemeasured satisfactorily by using aconventional orifice installed in asuitable meter run. The differentialmeasuring device may be a dia-phragm- or bellows-type devicethat operates a conventionalindicator, recording pen, or trans-mitter for remote recording orindication. The vapor phase shouldbe treated similarly to steam.

Variable area-type metering devicesare also satisfactory, provided theyare of all-steel construction withANSI flanged connections and aresuitable for the high temperaturesinvolved. Glass metering or indi-cating tubes must not be used.

Suppliers for Flow Instrumentsand Controllers

Invalco, IncorporatedDivision of National Tank Com-panyHutchinson, Kansas

Micro MotionBoulder, Colorado

Automatic Control Valves

Air-operated diaphragm controlvalves with steel bodies andstainless steel trim are generallyused with DOWTHERM fluids.Flexible graphite, mica graphite, oraluminum can be used for packing.The use of a valve positioner isrecommended for precise control.

Generally, control valves shouldnot be depended upon for positiveshutoff. Such valves are generallydesigned with line contact betweenthe plug and the seat and may notexert enough pressure on the stemto seal against scale or other solids.Control valves are usually installedwith a bypass around them. Thebypass includes manually operatedshutoff valves that will providetight shutoff when necessary.The following companies havefurnished automatic control valvesfor service with DOWTHERM fluids.

Manufacturers of AutomaticControl Valves

BS&B Process Systems,IncorporatedHouston, Texas

Conbraco Industries, Incorpo-ratedMonroe, North Carolina

The Duriron Company,IncorporatedValve DivisionDayton, Ohio


The Foxboro CompanyFoxboro, Massachusetts

Kitz Corporation of AmericaSubsidiary of KitzCorporation of JapanHouston, Texas

Richard Klinger, IncorporatedSidney, Ohio

Masoneilan North AmericaDresser Valve & Controls DivisionDresser Industries, IncorporatedHouston, Texas


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Pressure Gaugesand Controllers

Conventional Bourdon- or diaphragm-type pressure gauges and switchesare suitable provided that all partsin contact with DOWTHERM fluidare of ferrous construction. Allgauges and switches should beequipped with a loop to seal theBourdon element or the diaphragmfrom high-temperature liquid orvapor.

Bourdon-type units are suitablefor indoor installations wheretemperatures are sufficiently highto prevent freezing of mediumin the tube. For outside and low-temperature installations, thediaphragm type is recommendedbecause of the ease with which thediaphragm housing can be heated.The freezing point of the fluid plusthe aforementioned considerationswill dictate which type of control isnecessary.

Manufacturers ofGauges or Controllers

Ametek, IncorporatedU.S. Gauge DivisionSellersville, Pennsylvania

Dwyer Instruments, IncorporatedMichigan City, Indiana



Masoneilan North AmericaDresser Valve and Controls Divi-sionDresser Industries, IncorporatedHouston, Texas

Level Controllersand Switches

Two general types of level control-lers are used: differential pressure(DP) cells or float-type controllers.When DP cells are used, the vaporleg is back-filled with the workingfluid.

Float or displacer type controllersand switches have movementgenerated by means of a torquetube, permanent magnet, orelectrical inductance and byoperating a pneumatic pilot orelectrical contact. No packinggland of any type should be used.

The float chamber should be ofsteel with ANSI flanged connec-tions and designed to permitremoval of the float for periodicinspection and cleaning.

Considerable care should be usedin selecting units that are to beoperated over a wide range oftemperatures. DOWTHERM fluidshave rather high coefficients ofexpansion; consequently, a floatthat is buoyant at low temperaturesmay sink at high temperatures. It issuggested that the float be of suchbuoyancy and shape to float high inthe liquid at low temperatures and,as the density of the liquid de-creases, to become considerablymore immersed.

Manufacturers ofLevel Controllers

Clark-Reliance CorporationCleveland, Ohio

Dwyer Instruments, IncorporatedMichigan City, Indiana




Magnetrol InternationalDowners Grove, Illinois

Masoneilan North AmericaDresser Valve & Controls DivisionDresser Industries, IncorporatedHouston, Texas


Level Gauges

A magnetic-type level gauge witha spiral-wound gasket of metal andgraphite, or a flexible graphitegasket, is recommended. Gasketsshould not be made of rubber dueto the high temperatures at whichunits are operated. Level gauges areavailable from Clark-RelianceCorporation, Cleveland, Ohio.

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V. MISCELLANEOUSEQUIPMENT

Many manufacturers of miscellaneousequipment are familiar withDOWTHERM fluids. These manu-facturers will be in a position torecommend the product best suitedfor your application, based on goodoperating experience. If you havequestions regarding the use of anyequipment in a system utilizingDOWTHERM fluids, contact yourDow Thermal Fluids technicalrepresentative or call 1-800-447-4369 and ask for DOWTHERM heattransfer fluids.

Safety Valves

Safety or relief valves have beenspecially designed and rated forservice with DOWTHERM fluids.

Manufacturers of Safetyor Relief Valves

Conbraco Industries, IncorporatedMonroe, North Carolina

Crosby Valve & Gage CompanyA Moorco CompanyWrentham, Massachusetts

Dresser Industries, IncorporatedIndustrial Valve OperationAlexandria, Louisiana


Teledyne Farris EngineeringPalisades Park, New Jersey

When safety valves are ordered, becertain to specify that they are forservice with DOWTHERM fluid.

Traps

Systems using DOWTHERM fluid invapor form may require speciallydesigned condensate traps. Whentraps are to be used, the manufac-turer should be informed that theyare for service with DOWTHERMfluid. This is necessary because themechanical traps used with steamnormally operate with a pressuredifference greater than those usedin a system with DOWTHERM fluids.

Manufacturers of Traps

Armstrong International,IncorporatedThree Rivers, Michigan

Clark-Reliance CorporationCleveland, Ohio

Spirax SarcoAllentown, Pennsylvania


Tanks and Jacketed Vessels

Tanks and jacketed vessels forDOWTHERM fluid are of weldedconstruction. They should conformto local regulatory codes andASME codes where applicable.

Surge (expansion) tanks should becapable of withstanding elevatedpressures.

Storage tanks should be providedwith a fill connection so that drumsand/or bulk medium can be conve-niently emptied.

Purification Units

Solid contaminants and high-boiling materials may be removedfrom DOWTHERM A, DOWTHERM J,DOWTHERM LF, and DOWTHERM Qheat transfer fluids by simplevaporization. Figure 2 shows apurification unit for manual opera-tion; units for automatic operationare also available.

Insulation

Two types of insulation, closed-celland open-cell, are currently usedfor high-temperature applications(up to 800°F) with DOWTHERMfluids.

Closed-cell insulation is recom-mended where there is a possibilityit may come in contact with a heattransfer fluid, especially at elevatedtemperatures. When organic fluidscome into contact with open-cellinsulation, they may oxidize andheat the insulation to above thefluid’s autoignition temperature.

Open-cell insulation can be usedfor long runs of pipe where thereare no fittings, make-and-breakjoints, or other potential sources offluid leakage and insulation con-tamination. For covering flanges orother connections that may leak,the closed-cell material should beconsidered. Both can be used onthe same pipe, but a metal stop ringor collar designed to stop the flowof any leakage to the open-cellmaterial should be employed. Theinsulation should be covered byweatherproof jacketing and mastic,or a protective metal jacket.

In all cases, the insulation manu-facturer should be consulted forapplication and installation details.

13

Manufacturers of Insulation

Acceptable calcium silicate base(asbestos-free) insulation can beobtained from the following com-panies:

Owens-Corning FiberglasToledo, Ohio(KAYLO® calcium silicate-baseinsulation, Fiberglas® SSL-II® pipeinsulation with DOUBLESUREClosure System)

Schuller International, Inc.Mechanical Insulation DivisionDenver, Colorado(THERMO-12® Gold calciumsilicate-base insulation andMICRO-LOK® fiberglass insulation)

The only known acceptable closed-cell material is FOAMGLAS®

cellular glass insulation, made bythe Pittsburgh Corning Corpora-tion, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Flexible graphite insulation isavailable from UCAR CarbonCompany, Incorporated, Cleve-land, Ohio (GRAFOIL® GradeGHM flexible graphite insulation).

Filters

If solid particles such as scale orhard insoluble carbonaceousmaterials are present in thepumped fluid, they may cause:

1. Erosion of piping or equipmentat high velocity.

2. Scouring of mechanical sealsin pumps.

3. Scouring of rotating pump shaftsand/or bearings.

4. Plugging of instrument lines anddrains on piping systems.

An investigation should be madeto determine whether filtering willremove these solid contaminants.

The following filter manufacturerscan be contacted for possiblesolutions to the problem. To make arecommendation, filter manufactur-ers typically need to know theoperating temperature, type offluid, pressure, type of material tobe removed, amount of material tobe removed, and typical particlesize.

Manufacturers of Filters

Cuno, IncorporatedMeriden, Connecticut

Memcor Power Generation DivisionMemtec America CorporationTimonium, Maryland

Pall Process Filtration CompanyA Division of Pall CorporationEast Hills, New York

Parker Hannifin CorporationCommercial Filters DivisionLebanon, Indiana

Figure 2 — Typical System for Purifying DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluids by Vaporization

Drain(Residue)

DrainCondensate or Hot Liquid

DOWTHERM Fluid(Return to System)

Sight Gauge(Optional)

InHot DOWTHERM Fluid

for Heating

DOWTHERM Fluidto Be Purified

Relief

Air- or Water-CooledCondenser

Purified DOWTHERM Fluid(Return to System)

14

VI. PIPING SPECIFICATIONS

The following piping specificationshave been developed by The DowChemical Company for use inprocesses within our own produc-tion facilities. They are the productof extensive Dow experience in thedesign and operation of heattransfer systems, as well as in thedevelopment of heat transfer fluidsfor a broad range of applicationsand process conditions. Thesespecifications are suitable for mostapplications. However, particularprocesses may require specialhardware or fabrication. Consultwith component suppliers andsystem engineers to ensure thesuitability of these specificationsfor your process.

The specifications in this bulletinare rated for service at 150 psig at750°F. This rating applies tosystems utilizing DOWTHERM A,DOWTHERM G, DOWTHERM HT,DOWTHERM LF, DOWTHERM J,and DOWTHERM Q organic heattransfer fluids. For completeproduct information and engineer-ing properties for these DOWTHERMfluids, call 1-800-447-4369. Note:For systems operating in a tem-perature range of -100°F to 500°F,other types of flanges and gasketsmay be acceptable. Please consultour liter-ature for cryogenic appli-cations, form numbers 176-01457and 176-01458, or call 1-800-447-4369 for additional information.

General SpecificationNotes and SpecialInstructions

Dow recommends that the pipingin the following specifications bewelded and/or flanged. Thisincludes the first block valve offthe line in instrument piping, aswell as all vent and drain valves.

When welding, all butt weldsshould be tig-root with a shieldedmetal arc cover. Also, randomradiograph welds should complywith ANSI B31.3, paragraph341.5.1, subparagraphs (b), (c),and (d).

The preferred flange surface finishfor use with spiral gaskets is 125 to250 rms. As an alternative topurchasing special flanges, machinestandard flanges to meet surfacefinish requirements.

Do not use aluminum paint onvalves or fittings in the heattransfer system.

Pipe

Standard schedule 40 seamless steelpipe is recommended for all linesthat are welded. Where screwedfittings are desired, pipe sizes 11/2"or smaller in diameter should becomposed of schedule 80 pipe.

Tapered thread connections aresatisfactory for pipes 11/2" or less indiameter, provided the threads arecut true to gauge with a sharp,clean die. The threads should bewashed with a good solvent, and apipe thread sealant should be usedin assembly.

All larger-size connections shouldbe welded wherever possible;smaller lines may be bent to avoidthe use of fittings.

Under no circumstances should apipe joint sealant be relied upon tomake a good joint out of a poorone.1/2" through 1": ASTM A-106GR B, extra-strong seamless steelpipe.

11/2" and larger: ASTM A-106GR B, standard-weight seamlesssteel pipe.

Pipe Fittings

Tubing — 3/8" x .049" minimum:Soft annealed seamless carbon steelmechanical tubing, ASTM A-519GR 1020 or GR 1025, maximumhardness RB 72, hot finished,pickled and oiled, suitable forbending and flaring.



Tubing — 1" x .095" minimum:Soft annealed seamless carbon steelmechanical tubing, ASTM A-519GR 1020 or GR 1026, maximumhardness RB 72, hot finished,pickled and oiled, suitable forbending and flaring.

Elbows, Tees — 3/8" through 1":Carbon steel Parker CPI, Swagelok,or Gyrolock tube fittings andadapters, or silver solder joints.

Elbows, Tees, Reducers — 1/2"through 1": 3,000-lb socketwelding forged steel fittings,ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.

Elbows, Tees, Crosses, Reducers—11/2" and up: Standard weightseamless steel welding fittings,ASTM A-234 GR WPB, ANSIB16.9

15

Raised face, blind 1/2" and up:300-lb raised face blind flange,ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.5.

For spiral-wound gasket withcarbon steel outer compressiongage ring, 316 stainless steel andgraphite windings and 316 stainlesssteel inner ring, i.d. same as SCH5S pipe.

Gasket sealants are sometimesemployed to improve the sealingcharacteristics in a flanged connec-tion. Where used, care should betaken to avoid contaminating theinside of the pipeline with thesealant.

Manufacturers of Gaskets

John Crane IncorporatedMorton Grove, Illinois(CRANE-FOIL® gaskets)

Flexitallic, IncorporatedPennsauken, New Jersey(Spiral-wound stainless steel, andFLEXICARB® flexible graphitegaskets; GRAFOIL® gaskets andgasket materials)

Furon CompanyFlexSeal® DivisionHouston, Texas(FlexSeal® metallic and non-metallic static seals)

Lamons Gasket CompanyHouston, Texas(SPIRALSEAL® spiral-woundgaskets)

Marine & PetroleumManufacturing, IncorporatedFreeport, Texas(GRAPHONIC® Gaskets)

Pfaudler—U.S., IncorporatedRochester, New York(Complete line of multi-purposegaskets)

UCAR Carbon Company,IncorporatedCleveland, Ohio(GRAFOIL® Grades GHR andGHE gasket laminate material)

Pipe Caps — 1/2" through 1":3,000-lb socket welding forged steelcap, ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.

Pipe Caps — 11/2" and up:Standard-weight seamless steelwelding cap, ASTM A-234 GRWPB, ANSI B16.9.

Couplings — 1/2" through 1":3,000-lb socket welding forged steelcoupling, ASTM A-105, ANSIB16.11.

Couplings — 1/2" through 1":3,000-lb forged steel Sockoletfitting.

Couplings: — 11/2" and up:Standard-weight steel Weldoletfitting, ASTM A-105.

Unions — 1/2" through 1":3,000-lb socket welding Nicholson(Flexitallic) union, carbon steelbody, stainless steel-graphite/micagasket, AAR dimensions;Nicholson 3000-SUA-W.

Flanges and Gaskets

Where make-and-break joints arenecessary, use ANSI 1/16-inchraised-face flanges. Flanges within afinish of 125 to 250 microinchesare generally used. Flange surfacesmust be free from nicks, dents, andscratches, as these may cause thejoint to leak.

Spiral-wound, stainless steel andflexible graphite gaskets are gener-ally used with DOWTHERM fluid on300-lb flanges. Any time a joint istaken apart and put back together,the gasket must be replaced with anew one.

The temperature and pressureratings for ANSI flanges are givenin Tables 1 and 2, pages 16 and 17.The rating used should match thetemperature and pressure setting ofthe safety valve.

Raised face — 1/2" and up: 300-lb.raised face welding neck flange,ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.5, boreto match pipe.

Flange Bolts, Studs,and Nuts

ASTM A-193 GR B7 liquidquenched and tempered alloy steelstud bolts with ASTM A-194 GR2H heavy hex huts.

Joint (Thread) Compounds

Tubing: Solders melting at orabove 1,100°F.

NPT Tube Fitting: Permatex No. 2thread compound.

Bolt Lubricants

MOLY-LIT or FEL PRO C-100

Manufacturers of Pipe JointSealants/Lubricants

Permatex Industrial CorporationNewington, Connecticut(Pipe joint compound, threadsealant with TEFLON®, -60 to 350°F)

The Swagelok CompaniesSolon, Ohio(SILVER GOOP®)

UCAR Carbon Company,IncorporatedCleveland, Ohio(GRAFOIL® Grade GTS ThreadSealant Paste)

16

Table 1 — Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 150 Pound Flanges1,2

Pressures are in psig Class 150

MaterialGroup No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10 1.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Alloy Steels Austenitic Steels

1/2Cr- 1Cr Type1/2Mo 1/2Mo 304L Types

Temp. C- Ni-Cr- 11/4Cr- 21/4Cr- 5Cr- 9Cr- Type Type Type Type 347, Type Type°F Carbon Steel 1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 304 316 316L 321 348 309 310

-20 to 100 285 290 265 235 265 290 290 290 290 290 275 275 230 275 275 260 260200 260 260 250 215 260 260 260 260 260 260 235 240 195 235 245 230 230300 230 230 230 210 230 230 230 230 230 230 205 215 175 210 225 220 220

400 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 180 195 160 190 200 200 200500 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 145 170 170 170 170600 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140

650 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125700 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110750 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

800 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80850 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65900 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 — 50 50 50 50

950 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 — 35 35 35 351000 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 — 20 20 20 20

1Ratings based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Coderecommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.

2Table extracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Societyof Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.

Carbon Steel

17

Table 2 — Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 300 Pound Flanges1,2

Pressures are in psig Class 300

MaterialGroup No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10 1.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Alloy Steels Austenitic Steels

1/2Cr- 1Cr Type1/2Mo 1/2Mo 304L Types

Temp. C- Ni-Cr- 11/4Cr- 21/4Cr- 5Cr- 9Cr- Type Type Type Type 347, Type Type°F Carbon Steel 1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 304 316 316L 321 348 309 310

-20 to 100 740 750 695 620 695 750 750 750 750 750 720 720 600 720 720 670 670200 675 750 655 560 680 750 710 715 750 750 600 620 505 610 635 605 605300 655 730 640 550 655 730 675 675 730 730 530 560 455 545 590 570 570

400 635 705 620 530 640 705 660 650 705 705 470 515 415 495 555 535 535500 600 665 585 500 620 665 640 640 665 665 435 480 380 460 520 505 505600 550 605 535 455 605 605 605 605 605 605 415 450 360 435 490 480 480

650 535 590 525 450 590 590 590 590 590 590 410 445 350 430 480 465 465700 535 570 520 450 570 570 570 570 570 570 405 430 345 420 470 455 455750 505 505 475 445 530 530 530 530 530 530 400 425 335 415 460 445 445

800 410 410 390 370 510 510 510 510 510 410 395 415 330 415 455 435 435850 270 270 270 270 485 485 485 485 440 485 390 405 320 410 445 425 425900 170 170 170 170 450 450 450 450 355 450 385 395 — 405 430 415 415

950 105 105 105 105 280 345 380 380 260 370 375 385 — 385 385 385 3851000 50 50 50 50 165 215 225 270 190 290 325 365 — 355 365 335 3501050 — — — — — 190 140 200 140 190 310 360 — 345 360 290 335

1100 — — — — — — 95 115 105 115 260 325 — 300 325 225 2901150 — — — — — — 50 105 70 75 195 275 — 235 275 170 2451200 — — — — — — 35 55 45 50 155 205 — 180 170 130 205

1250 — — — — — — — — — — 110 180 — 140 125 100 1601300 — — — — — — — — — — 85 140 — 105 95 80 1201350 — — — — — — — — — — 60 105 — 80 70 60 80

1400 — — — — — — — — — — 50 75 — 60 50 45 551450 — — — — — — — — — — 35 60 — 50 40 30 401500 — — — — — — — — — — 25 40 — 40 35 25 25

1Ratings based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Coderecommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.

2Table extracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Societyof Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.

Carbon Steel

18

Instrumentation Piping

Instrument piping is defined as thepiping from the first block valveoff the heat transfer fluid line(not including the valve) to theinstrument. Welded instrumentpiping is preferred. Use threadedpiping only for heat transfer fluidinstrumentation in this specifica-tion. For items not listed here, thepreceding piping specificationsshould be used where applicable.

Pipe fittings (elbows, tees,crosses, reducers) 1/2" thru 1":3000-lb threaded forged steel fittings,ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11

Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lbthreaded forged steel cap, ASTMA-105, ANSI B16.11.

Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": Threadedsolid steel hex bull plug, ASTMA-696 GR B or C barstock, Norris.

Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lbthreaded forged steel coupling,ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.

Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lbthreaded forged steel Threadoletfitting, ASTM A-105.

Unions 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lbthreaded Nicholson (Flexitallic)union, carbon steel body, stainlesssteel-graphite/mica gasket, AARdimensions; Nicholson 3000-SUA-T.

Reducers 1/2" thru 1": Extra-strong steel swaged nipple, ASTMA-106 or A-53 GR B, or ASTM A-696 GR B or C barstock, threadedboth ends.

Pipe Nipples 1/2" thru 1": ASTMA-106 GR B, extra-strong seamlesssteel pipe nipple, threaded. Closednipples shall not be used.

Thread Compound: Permatex No.2 thread compound.

Cleaning Procedures: Wire brushto clean threads. Apply jointcompound. Avoid using chlori-nated cleaning solvents.

Gate Valves forInstrument Lines

Valves 1/2" thru 1": 800-lb forgedsteel screwed gate. 800-lb at 850°F,forged carbon steel body andbonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem,OS&Y, welded bonnet, conven-tional port.

Gate Valves for Instrument Lines

Manufac- Partturer Number Size

Anvil Fig. 825 1/4"– 2"

Smith 870-00000 1/4"– 2"

Vogt 2801 1/4"– 2"

Methods of MakingBranch Connections

1/2" thru 1": For socket weldingpiping, use straight size or reducingtee. Reducer insert may be used inplace of reducing tee.1/2" thru 1": For socket weldingbranch connections for weldedpiping, use Sockolet welded toheader.

11/2" and up: For welded piping,use straight size or reducing tee.Weldolet may be used in place ofreducing tee when branch issmaller than header.

Shutoff andThrottling Valves

Steel valves with high-temperatureflexible graphite packing arerecommended for use withDOWTHERM fluids. Valves thatutilize metal bellows primary sealswith high-temperature secondarypacking may provide extra protec-tion and service with DOWTHERMfluids. Brass valves should beavoided because of ANSI Codetemperature limitations.

All socket weld valves that termi-nate a line should have a threadednipple welded into the valve andbe capped.

Pack valves with Union CarbideGrafoil high-temperature packingusing the following system:

Bottom—One ring of John Crane1625G braided graphite filament,or equivalent.

Middle—Union Carbide GTK die-formed Grafoil rings with passiveinhibitor, or equivalent.

Top—One ring of John Crane1625G, or equivalent.

Tight Shutoff Valves

2" and up: 300-lb ANSI flangedrising stem ball valve. Carbon steelbody, nickel faced ball, stainlesssteel tube insert, ASTM A-193 B7bolting.

2" and Up 300-lb ANSI FlangedRising Stem Ball Valve


Orbit 1233H8 2" – 20"Regular Port

19

Globe Valves

1/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steelsocket weld globe. 800-lb at 850°F,forged carbon steel body andbonnet, 13% chrome stainless steeltrim, loose threaded disc, OS&Y,welded bonnet.1/2"–1": 800-lb Forged SteelSocket Weld Globe Valves


Anvil Fig. 860 1/4"– 2"

Smith G87-0000W 1/4"– 2"

Vogt SW2821 1/4"– 2"

1/2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forgedsteel flanged globe. 300-lb. at800°F, 740-lb at 100°F, forged steelbody and bonnet, 13% chrometrim, H.F. seat, rising stem, OS&Y,loose disc, bolted bonnet.1/2"– 11/2": 300-lb Forged SteelFlanged Globe Valves


Smith G83-00060 1/2"– 2"

Anvil Fig. 332 1/2"– 2"

Velan F-1074-B-DZTY 1/2"– 2"

2" and up: 300-lb cast carbon steelflanged globe. 300-lb at 750°F,carbon steel body, 13% chromealloy stem and disc, nickel alloyseat rings, rising stem, OS&Y,bolted bonnet.

2" and Up 300-lb Cast CarbonSteel Flanged Globe Valves


Kitz 300 SCJB 2"– 12"

Newco 23F-CB2 2"– 12"

Velan F-174B-2T 2"– 12"

Gate Valves

1/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steelsocket weld gate. 800-lb at 850°F,forged carbon steel body andbonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem,OS&Y, welded bonnet, conven-tional port.1/2"–1": 800-lb Forged SteelSocket Weld Gate Valves


Anvil Fig. 825 1/4"– 2"

Smith 870-0000W 1/4"– 2"

Vogt SW-2801 1/4"– 2"

Bonney Forge WL-11-SW 1/4"– 2"

Velan W-2054W-02TY 1/4"– 2"

1/2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forgedsteel flanged gate. 300-lb at 800°F,740-lb at 100°F, forged steel bodyand bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem,OS&Y, bolted bonnet.1/2"– 11/2" 300-lb Forged SteelFlanged Gate Valves


Anvil Fig. 321 1/2"– 2"

Smith 830 1/2"– 2"

Vogt 363 1/2"– 2"

Velan 1054B-02TY 1/2"– 2"

2" and up: 300-lb carbon steelflanged gate. 300-lb at 800°F, 600-lb at 100°F, carbon steel body, 13%chrome trim, H.F. seat rings,flexible wedge, rising stem, OS&Y,bolted bonnet.

2" and Up 300-lb Carbon SteelFlanged Gate Valves


Kitz K300-SCLSF 2"– 24"

Newco 13F-CB2 2"– 24"

Velan F-1064C-02TY 2"– 24"

Check Valves

Check valves in systems usingDOWTHERM fluid cannot be reliedupon for positive seal, and wherenecessary, should be supplementedwith shutoff valves. Where checkvalves are used in condensatereturn lines, they should not bespring-loaded. Satisfactory checkvalves are available from thesuppliers of shutoff and throttlingvalves.1/2" thru 1": 800-lb F.S. socketweld swing check. 800-lb at 825°F,2000-lb at 100°F, body forged steelASTM A-105, 13% chrome to H.F.seat and disc, integral cover.1/2"–1": 800-lb F.S. Socket WeldSwing Check Valves


Anvil Fig. SW847 1/2"– 2"

Vogt SWS74 1/2"– 2"

1" and up: 300-lb C.S. flangedswing check. 300-lb at 800°F, 740-lb at 100°F, cast carbon steel body,13% chrome to H.F. disc and seat,bolted cover, raised face flanges.

1" and Up 300-lb C.S. FlangedSwing Check Valves


Kitz 300 SCOB 2"– 24"

Newco 33F-CB2 2"– 24"

Velan F-101114C-02TY 2"– 24"

20

Table 3— Manufacturers of Shutoff and Throttling Valves1

Type of Valve

Company Ball Bellows Butterfly Check Control Gate Globe Plug

Anvil � � �

Bonney Forge Corp. � � �

BS&B Process Systems, Inc. �

Conbraco Industries, Inc. �

Crane Valves � � � � �

Dresser Industries, Inc. � � �

Duriron Co./Valve Div. � � � � �

Dwyer Instruments, Inc. �

EG&G Sealol Eagle Valve �

Fisher Controls Int’l., Inc. � � �

Foxboro Company �

Invalco, Inc. � �

Kerotest Mfg. Co. �

Kitz Corp of America � � � � �

Richard Klinger, Inc. � �

The Luckenheimer Co. � � � �

Masoneilan/Dresser � � � �

Newco � �

Nibco, Incorporated �

Orbit �

The William Powell Co. � � �

Smith Valve Corp. � � � �

Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc. � � � � � �

Vanessa Valve Corp � �

Velan Valve Corp. � � � � �

Henry Vogt Machine Co. � � � �

Yarway Corp. � � �

1Table 3 is presented for reference only. This listing does not imply that a particular manufacturer and/or valve are a part of Dow’s piping specifications, nor doesthe listing of a manufacturer imply approval or recommendation by Dow of any manufacturer to the exclusion of others that may produce a suitable product.

21

VII. INDEX TO SUPPLIERS

Company Page(s)

ABB Lummus Heat Transfer .............................................................. 3, 4, 5American Econo-Therm Division ..................................................... 3, 4, 5American Hydrotherm Corporation.................................................. 3, 4, 5American Schack Company, Incorporated ....................................... 3, 4, 5Ametek, Incorporated, Thermox Instruments Division ........................... 6Ametek, Incorporated, U.S. Gauge Division .......................................... 11Anvil ............................................................................................. 18, 19, 20Armstrong International, Incorporated ................................................... 12Artisan Industries, Incorporated .................................................... 3, 4, 5, 6Bechtel Group, Incorporated ..................................................................... 3The Bethlehem Corporation, Process Equipment Group ..................... 4, 6Blaw Knox Food & Chemical Equipment Company, Incorporated ..... 5, 6Bonney Forge Corporation................................................................. 19, 20G. C. Broach Company ...................................................................... 4, 5, 6John Brown E&C, Incorporated ................................................................ 3Brown Fired Heater Division ................................................................. 5, 6Brown & Root, Inc. .................................................................................... 3BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated .................................... 3, 4, 5, 10, 20Buffalo Pumps, Inc. .................................................................................... 7BW/IP International, Incorporated, Pump Division ................................. 7BW/IP International, Incorporated, Seal Division ................................... 8Chempump Division, Crane Company ..................................................... 7Cherry-Burrell Process Equipment Division.......................................... 5, 6A. W. Chesterton Company ...................................................................... 8Chromalox.................................................................................................. 5Clark-Reliance Corporation .......................................................... 6, 11, 12Conbraco Industries, Incorporated .............................................. 10, 12, 20Crane Valves ............................................................................................ 20John Crane Incorporated ..................................................................... 8, 15Crosby Valve & Gage Company .......................................................... 6, 12Cuno, Incorporated .................................................................................. 13Dean Pump Division, MET-PRO Corporation.......................................... 7DEC International, Engineered Products Group .................................. 5, 6Dickow Pump Company ........................................................................ 6, 7Dow Engineering Company ....................................................................... 3Dresser Industries, Incorporated, Industrial Valve Operation........... 12, 20

22

INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company Page(s)

Durametallic Corporation .......................................................................... 8The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Pump Division.......................... 5, 7The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Valve Division .................. 5, 10, 20Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated ...................................................... 11, 20EG&G Sealol, Eagle Valve ...................................................................... 20EG&G Sealol, Industrial Sealing Division................................................ 8First Thermal Systems, Incorporated ..................................................... 3, 5Fisher Controls International, Incorporated ................... 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 20Flexitallic, Incorporated ....................................................................... 8, 15Fluor Daniel, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3Foster Wheeler USA Corporation......................................................... 3, 5The Foxboro Company ................................................................ 10, 11, 20Fulton Thermal Corporation ..................................................................... 5Furon Company, FlexSeal Division ......................................................... 15Goulds Pumps, Incorporated ...................................................................... 7Heatec, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3, 5, 6Hynes Electric Heating Company ......................................................... 5, 6INDEECO .............................................................................................. 5, 6Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company.............................................................. 7The International Boiler Works Company............................................ 3, 5Invalco, Incorporated ..................................................... 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 20ITT Standard .............................................................................................. 5JM Clipper Corporation ............................................................................. 8Kerotest Manufacturing Company .......................................................... 20Kitz Corporation of America ....................................................... 10, 19, 20Richard Klinger, Incorporated ........................................................... 10, 20The Kontro Company, Incorporated ..................................................... 6, 7Lamons Gasket Company ........................................................................ 15Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated .............................................. 3The Luckenheimer Company .................................................................. 20Magnetrol International .......................................................................... 11Manning & Lewis Engineering Company ............................................. 5, 6Marine & Petroleum Manufacturing, Incorporated ............................ 5, 15Masoneilan North America,

Dresser Valve & Controls Division ................................. 6, 10, 11, 20Memcor Power Generation Division, Memtec America Corporation ... 13Michigan Science & Engineering Associates ............................................ 3

23

INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company Page(s)

Micro Motion ........................................................................................... 10Newco ................................................................................................. 19, 20Nibco, Incorporated ................................................................................. 20Orbit Valve Company ........................................................................ 18, 20Owens-Corning Fiberglas ......................................................................... 13Pall Process Filtration Company .............................................................. 13Parker Hannifin Corporation, Commercial Filters Division .................. 13The Ralph M. Parsons Corporation........................................................... 3Permatex Industrial Corporation ............................................................. 15Petro-Chem Development Company, Incorporated ............................. 3, 5Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated ...................................................... 3, 5, 6, 15Pittsburgh Corning Corporation .............................................................. 13The William Powell Company ................................................................ 20Raytheon Engineers & Constructors ......................................................... 3Riley Stoker Corporation ........................................................................... 5Schuller International, Incorporated, Mechanical Insulation Division . 13Walter F. Seifert, Consulting Engineer ...................................................... 3Smith Valve Corporation ............................................................. 18, 19, 20Spirax Sarco ......................................................................................... 6, 12Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc. ............................................................. 20Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation .............................................. 3Struthers-Wells Corporation.................................................................. 5, 6Sundstrand Fluid Handling ........................................................................ 7SUPER-TROL Division, Enercon Systems, Incorporated .................... 5, 6Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated ........................................................... 3The Swagelok Companies ........................................................................ 15Teledyne Farris Engineering ..................................................................... 12Thermoflux, Incorporated .......................................................................... 5UCAR Carbon Company, Incorporated ....................................... 8, 13, 15Union Pump Company .............................................................................. 7Vanessa Valve Corporation ...................................................................... 20Velan Valve Corporation ................................................................... 19, 20Henry Vogt Machine Company ............................................... 6, 18, 19, 20Wellman Thermal ...................................................................................... 5Worcester Controls ................................................................................ 6, 8Yarway Corporation ....................................................... 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 20

For more information about DOWTHERM heat transfer fluids,call: 1-800-447-4369

NOTICE: Dow believes the information and recommendations contained herein to be accurate and reliable as of August, 1994. However, since any assistancefurnished by Dow with reference to the proper use and disposal of its products is provided without charge, and since use conditions and disposal are not within itscontrol, Dow assumes no obligation or liability for such assistance and does not guarantee results from use of such products or other information contained herein.No warranty, express or implied, is given nor is freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others to be inferred. Information contained herein concerning laws andgovernmental regulations is based on U.S. federal laws and regulations except where specific reference is made to those of other jurisdictions. Since use conditionsand governmental regulations may differ from one location to another and may change with time, it is the Buyer’s responsibility to determine whether Dow’s productsare appropriate for Buyer’s use, and to assure Buyer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with laws, regulations, ordinances, and other governmentalenactments applicable in the jurisdiction(s) having authority over Buyer’s operations.

Note: Many of the product names cited in this bulletin are trademarks of their manufacturers.

Printed in U.S.A. *Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Form No. 176-01335-894AMS

EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

USING DOWTHERM*

HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

Includes heat transfer systemhardware and fabrication guidelines

*

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EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS USING DOWTHERM HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

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