Equipments Design Equipments Design Production of Synthesis Production of Synthesis Gas from Natural Gas by Gas from Natural Gas by

Steam ReformingSteam ReformingSupervised By:Supervised By:

Prof. Mohamed A. FahimProf. Mohamed A. Fahim

Eng. Yusuf Ismail AliEng. Yusuf Ismail Ali

Presented By:Presented By:

Latifa AL-QabandiLatifa AL-Qabandi

AgendaAgenda

Stripper Design.Stripper Design.

(Packed Column)(Packed Column) Heat Exchangers Design.Heat Exchangers Design.

(coolers & heater)(coolers & heater) Compressor Design.Compressor Design. Valve Design.Valve Design.

Packed Stripper DesignPacked Stripper Design Stripping is a physical Stripping is a physical separation processseparation process where where

one or more components are removed from a one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream.liquid stream by a vapor stream.

There are many different types of packing used There are many different types of packing used and each one has advantages and and each one has advantages and disadvantages.disadvantages.

More common packing materials are metal and More common packing materials are metal and plastic Pall rings, metal Michael Bialecki rings, plastic Pall rings, metal Michael Bialecki rings, and ceramic Intalox saddles.and ceramic Intalox saddles.

Procedure:Procedure:- Estimate the slope m from Estimate the slope m from

equilibrium data of process.equilibrium data of process.- Calculate the amount Calculate the amount

mGm/Lm, and y1/y2 to mGm/Lm, and y1/y2 to determine Ndetermine NOGOG from figure. from figure.

- assuming 38mm and 1.5 assuming 38mm and 1.5 ceramic intalox saddles.ceramic intalox saddles.

- calculate Flow of liquid calculate Flow of liquid vapor:vapor:

- Design for pressure dropDesign for pressure drop

125mmH2O/m packing and 125mmH2O/m packing and get Kget K44 from the figure. from the figure.

Chart Title

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

w/w% liquid CO2

va

p f

rac

tio

n C

O2

w/w% liquid CO2Vs.Vapor CO2

operating line

L

V

w

wLV V

LF

Calculate percentage flooding = (K4 / K4 @flooding )^.5 Calculate percentage flooding = (K4 / K4 @flooding )^.5 *100*100

Calculate gas mass flow rate per unit column cross Calculate gas mass flow rate per unit column cross sectional area.sectional area.

calculate column area required in m² = gas flow rate calculate column area required in m² = gas flow rate /Vw*/Vw*

calculate diameter and round of dimeter and calculate diameter and round of dimeter and approximate area:approximate area:

D = (4 A/Pi) ^.5D = (4 A/Pi) ^.5

. . Estimate packing size to column diameter ratio = D/38E-Estimate packing size to column diameter ratio = D/38E-33

. Estimating HOG and height of the column using figures . Estimating HOG and height of the column using figures and equations:and equations:

then HOG = Hg + ( HL * mGm/Lm), and z = HOG * NOG.then HOG = Hg + ( HL * mGm/Lm), and z = HOG * NOG. Calculate the cost in $.Calculate the cost in $.

Specification SheetSpecification Sheet

Heat Exchangers DesignHeat Exchangers Design Heat exchangers are the devises employed for Heat exchangers are the devises employed for

transmitting heat from one fluid stream to another transmitting heat from one fluid stream to another by indirect means.by indirect means.

there is a barrier which separates the fluids and there is a barrier which separates the fluids and permits heat to flow from the hotter to the colder permits heat to flow from the hotter to the colder stream without mixing of the streams.stream without mixing of the streams.

Shell and tube heat exchanger in their various Shell and tube heat exchanger in their various construction modification are probably the most construction modification are probably the most widespread and commonly used basic heat widespread and commonly used basic heat exchanger configuration in the process industries.exchanger configuration in the process industries.

Procedure:Procedure: Heat loadHeat load

Log mean temperatureLog mean temperature

. . Heat transfer areaHeat transfer area

. . Number of tubesNumber of tubes

hotphotcoldpcold TcMTcMQ

lmtm

lm

TFT

tT

ttS

tt

TTR

tTtT

tTtTT

11

12

12

21

12

21

1221

;

ln

mTU

QA

DensityPassArea

FlowRateuvelocity

areatoncrossPasstubespassArea

dareaSectioncross

sesAssumedPas

tubesPassTubes

ubeareaOfOneT

totalAreatubes

LdubeAreaOfOneT

t

i

o

*/

sec//

25.0

#/

#

**25.0

2

2

Bundle & shell diameterBundle & shell diameter

Tube side heat transfer coefficientTube side heat transfer coefficient

Shell side heat transfer coefficientShell side heat transfer coefficient

10.12.Re

.,; 11

1

1

1

FigadingDD

PassesNofnKK

NdD

bs

nt

ob

i

fi

ih

wh

pit

d

kNuh

d

LfjjNu

k

cdu

)(;PrRe

Pr;Re

14.033.0

e

fs

hw

h

pes

oto

e

ss

t

Bsots

ot

d

kNuh

cutbufflefjjNu

k

cdu

dpd

d

A

FlowRateu

p

lDdpA

dp

_Re,;PrRe

Pr;Re

917.01.1

25.1

14.033.0

22

Overall coefficientOverall coefficient

Tube side pressure dropTube side pressure drop

Shell side pressure dropShell side pressure drop

Estimating thicknessEstimating thickness

Cost of heat exchanger fromCost of heat exchanger from www.matche.comwww.matche.com

ii

o

w

i

oo

oo hd

d

k

ddd

hU

1

2

ln11

25.28

2t

m

wifpt

u

d

LjNP

28

214.0

s

wBe

sfs

u

l

L

d

DjP

cj

j

j

CPSE

t

Dr

6.0

Pr2

Compressor DesignCompressor Design A gas compressor is a mechanical device A gas compressor is a mechanical device

that increases the pressure of a gas by that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.reducing its volume.

Gas compressors are used in various Gas compressors are used in various applications:applications:

in petroleum refineries, natural gas in petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical and processing plants, petrochemical and chemical plants.chemical plants.

Procedure:Procedure:Polytropic exponent can be determined from the Polytropic exponent can be determined from the

following equation:following equation:

Get the work from the following equation:Get the work from the following equation:

The horse power is calculated by multiplying the The horse power is calculated by multiplying the

work by the molar flow rate:work by the molar flow rate:

11 1

2 2

n

nP T

P T

*Hp W M

Finally, we get the compressor efficiency:Finally, we get the compressor efficiency:

Where K = (Mw * Cp) / (Mw * Cp – 1.986)Where K = (Mw * Cp) / (Mw * Cp – 1.986)

Depending on the horse power we can Depending on the horse power we can decided which type of compressor we decided which type of compressor we going to use and calculate its cost.going to use and calculate its cost.

1

1

nnEp

KK

Valve DesignValve Design A valve is a device that regulates the flow of A valve is a device that regulates the flow of

substances either substances either gasesgases, fluidized , fluidized solidssolids, , slurries, or slurries, or liquidsliquids) by opening, closing, or ) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. partially obstructing various passageways.

Valves are technically pipe Valves are technically pipe fittingsfittings, but , but usually are discussed separately.usually are discussed separately.

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