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What is PRIME?
Problems of Recognition In Making ErasmusEuropean-wide research projectConducted by ESN with the support of the European CommissionTwo editions: • 1st in 2009• Follow-up in 2010
Why PRIME?
20 years of Erasmus Programme• Over 2 million students in total• Annually 180.000
Recognition problems remain:• Full recognition only for slightly more than
half of the Erasmus students• Source: ESN Survey 2006 and 2007
• Only 47% of universities have no problems with course recognition• Source: European University Association
Objectives
Draw attention of the stakeholders and parties involved in the process of recognition to ever-lasting problems and obstaclesMap and monitor good practicesProvide solutionsImprove the quality of exchange and increase the numbers
Fields of the research
Most common practices in Europe regarding:• Information provision about Erasmus and other
exchanges• ECTS• Course credit calculation• Usage of the ECTS at European universities
• Learning Agreement (LA)• Negotiation and signing
• Recognition• Validity of the LA, involved parties, common
problems
Recognitionand exams upon return
Nothing; 4%
Partly;
30%Full; 66%
Full Partial No recognition
None 0.43 0.12 0.01
Some courses 0.18 0.14 0.00400000000000001
All courses 0.054 0.03 0.025
5%
15%
25%
35%
45%
55%
65%
PRIME 2009
Recognition:remaining challenges
Other
Not known
Recognition in process
No recognition for studies abroad
Certain courses not recognized
Organizational
Course credit calculation problems
Incompatibility of study programs
Student's problems
4%
2%
3%
3%
9%
10%
15%
26%
27%
PRIME 2009
Research
Both qualitative and quantitativeThree-level research:• New: In-depth interview with National Agencies• Online questionnaire for Higher Education
Institutions• Online questionnaire for Students
From February until the end of AprilNew topics:• Grade transfer• Erasmus and additional grants, tuition fees
PRIME respondents
16 interviews with National Agencies500 responses from Higher Education Institutions (500% more than in 2009)9000 responses from students (375% more than in 2009)
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cypru
s
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
ItalyLa
tvia
Lithuania
Luxe
mbourgM
alta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slova
kia
Slove
niaSp
ain
Sweden
Switz
erland
Turkey
United Kingdom
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
399
260
1108 19
16683 82
251
555
682
367
237
252
749
123
352
3 4
18191
1136
453
270
103154
986
186196189102
Erasmus students
Information provision26% of students never receive information on exchange students recognition rights
Institutions providing information to students
Exchange students recognition rights
Grade transfer
ECTS/credit system at the host and home university
Learning agreement
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
49.9%
41.1%
75.8%
91.2%
17.4%
19.5%
18.7%
7.8%
7.2%
30.7%
3.2%
25.5%
8.6%
Before my exchange During my exchange After my exchange Never
Learning Agreement
87% of institutions use official form of Learning Agreement provided by European Commission75% of students make changes to the Learning Agreement
73%
23%
1% 1% 2%
Signing the Learning Agreement
Before exchange
During exchange
After exchange
LA not signed
Don't remember
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70% 58%
51%
16% 13%
Reasons for changing the courses
ECTS
93% of students use ECTS in their Learning Agreement
37%
59%
4%
Usage of ECTS credits
Together with national credit systemAs the only credit systemECTS are not used Other
According to type of course
According to workload
According to both workload and type of course
1%
13%
43%
43%
Calculation of the ECTS credits
Erasmus grants
Almost 100% of Erasmus students receive the grant4% of students are required to pay back part or entire grant
Reasons
53%
16%
9%
22%
Too little time spent abroad/early return
Lack of ECTS credits or equivalent
Failed exams
Other
Recognition: the concept
No common definition-subject of interpretationFull recognition according to ESN:• “All the credits earned during the
exchange and that were originally present in the final version of the Learning Agreement are recognised by the home university without a need to take any further courses or exams.”
Recognition:procedures
38%
14%
38%
11%
Need of professors approval be-fore courses were recognised
No Yes, for some courses
Yes, for all courses Not knowFacu
lty E
rasm
us c
oord
inat
or
Stud
y pr
ogra
m d
irect
or /
adv
isor
Dea
n /
head
of t
he d
epar
tmen
t
Insti
tutio
nal E
rasm
us c
oord
inat
or
Prof
esso
rs
Inte
rnati
onal
Rel
ation
s O
ffice
Spec
ial r
ecog
nitio
n co
mm
ittee
I don
't kn
ow
0%
10%
20%
30%
40% 38%
20% 18% 16% 16% 14%7% 10%
Parties involved in recognition of courses studied abroad
PRIME 2010
Recognitionand exams upon return
73.08%
23.93%
3%
PRIME 2010
Full Partial No recognition
None 62.20% 0.148926014319809 0.0128878281622912
Less than 50% 0.0677804295942721 0.0466587112171838 0.00250596658711218
More than 50% 0.0263723150357996 0.0346062052505967 0.00274463007159905
All 0.0146778042959427 0.00906921241050121 0.0118138424821002
5.00%
15.00%
25.00%
35.00%
45.00%
55.00%
65.00%
75.00%
62.20%
Recognition:influence on exchange experience
Would you still have studied abroad, if you would have known you would not receive full recognition?
23%
31%27%
19%
Yes Rather Yes
No Rather No
Recognition:remaining challenges
Incompatibility of study programmesProblems with credit calculationProblems with grade transferBureaucratic issuesAttitude of certain professorsInsufficient information provision
Recommendations
Binding bilateral agreementsFlexible study programmes and creation of “mobility windows”ECTS as the only credits system, ECTS label as a tool to promote correct usage of ECTSUsage of ECTS grading scale or development of other grade conversion methodCommon guidelines on course recognition and specific roles for all partiesBetter and more timely information provisionInformation and training provided to professors
National Coordinator:Nikolas Spanoudakis (ESN Ioannina)
Local Coordinators:Maria Kalaentzi (ESN Athens AUEB)Michalis Naris (ESN UOM Thessaloniki)Katerina Pantelidou (ESN Ioannina)Vassiliki Sioziou (ESN KAPA Athens)Irene Kotsona (ESN KAPA Athens)Alexios-Tryfonas Charalampous (ESN NTUA Athens)Konstantina Papanikolaou (ESN Auth)Apostolos Smyrnakis (ESN TEI Piraeus)
PRIMErs of Change
More information
Justyna Pisera, PRIME Project Coordinator, [email protected]• Final report