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Ergonomics Seminar• This presentation was reviewed and
approved by United States Ergonomics’ Certified Professional Ergonomists and the International Academy of Ergonomics (IAE).
• Bradbury’s, the United States Ergonomics, and the IAE do not guarantee the elimination of discomfort or injury as a result of seminar participation or the use of Bradbury’s products.
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Course Agenda1. Defining “Ergonomics”2. Benefits of an Ergonomic
Workstation3. Potential Musculoskeletal
Disorders4. Workstation Risk Factors
and Solutions5. General Ergonomic Tips6. Workstation Tour
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What is Ergonomics?
• The study and design of work & equipment in relation to the physiological and psychological capabilities of people
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Who Benefits?• Your Employer:
– Shows Compassion– Encourages Higher Morale– Offers Economic Benefits
• You:– Increases Comfort– Makes You More Relaxed– Improves Productivity– Reduces Health and Safety
Risks
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Injury Statistics
• 22% of lost work time due to injury– Related to on-the-job ergonomic problems
• Approximately 260,000 carpal tunnel release operations are performed each year– 47% of those cases are considered work-related
Source: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2004)
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Possible Symptoms:• Sore Joints• Headaches• Muscle Stiffness• General Fatigue• Neck and Shoulder Strain• Back Pain• Eye Fatigue• Arm or Wrist Pain• Loss of Hand Strength• Poor Circulation
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Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Acute Trauma Disorders (ATDs)– Injuries which occur instantaneously due to a
known cause
• Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)– Injuries occurring over time due to repeated
exposure to various risk factors
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Common CTDs• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome• Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome• Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)• Trigger Finger• Rotator Cuff Tendonitis (mousers shoulder)• Compressed Disc• Spinal Disc Herniation• Deep Vein Thrombosis• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome• Compression of the median
nerve caused by irritated or swollen tendons
• Symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling in thumb, index finger, middle finger and ½ of the ring finger
• If untreated, it can lead to deterioration of the muscle at the base of the thumb.
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Posture• “Posture” is how the body
is arranged / situated• Neutral posture allows for
maximum strength while working with minimum stress on the body
• Non-neutral or stressed posture can lead to discomfort or CTDs
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Potential Workstation
Issues
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Workstation Issues:Keyboard/Mouse Position
• Improper keyboard or mouse positioning can cause tension, decreased blood flow, or discomfort in hands, wrists, and arms
• Reaching or stretching to operate a mouse or keyboard can lead to muscular discomfort over time
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Workstation Solutions:Keyboard/Mouse Position
• Keyboard should be positioned flat or at a negative tilt
• Keep forearms parallel to the floor with elbows at a 90-110° angle
• Position mouse at or below keyboard height, close to the keyboard
• Don’t use a laptop keyboard• Ensure proper work surface
height• Most importantly, the keyboard
and mouse should be within elbows reach of the body
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Workstation Issues:Work Surface Height
• Surfaces too low or too high may lead to awkward positions such as extended arms, raised shoulders, or bent wrists
• Normal tasks such as writing, typing, etc. can lead to CTDs if performed on a work surface with a height that is not ideal
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Workstation Solutions:Work Surface Height
• Adjust surface height between 26” and 32”
• Position the keyboard to allow the wrist to be in a flat or neutral posture
• Keep bottom of elbow slightly below the home row of the keyboard
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Workstation Issues:Seating
• Prolonged sitting without foot support (dangling legs) can cause leg discomfort
• Slouching can cause back discomfort
• Slouching also makes good keyboard/mouse posture impossible, which leads to neck, shoulder, arm, and wrist problems
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Workstation Solutions:Seating
• Ideal posture is slightly reclined (90º-110º)
• Keep your back naturally curved
• Your knees should be slightly lower than your hips
• Rest your feet flat on the floor or on a foot rest
• Allow adequate space from the back of your knees to the seat pan (two-three inches)
• Do not tuck your feet under the chair or rest feet on the chair legs
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Workstation Issues:Desktop Layout
• Improperly placed tools or accessories could encourage frequent over-reaching or bending
• Limited space on the work surface could cause you to place components and devices in undesirable positions
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Workstation Solutions:Desktop Layout
• Place frequently used items within a “Normal” work or reach zone
• Avoid reaching repeatedly for items on your work surface
• Ensure that you have adequate space for your office tools
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Workstation Issues:Monitor Position
• Poor monitor position encourages poor posture, which can lead to neck and shoulder discomfort
• Without precautions, glare from monitors could cause eye strain, irritated eyes, headaches, or other problems over time
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Workstation Solutions:Monitor Position
• Position the monitor so your eyes are level with the top of the monitor frame
• Avoid leaning toward your monitor
• Viewing distance should be about 18" to 36" away from the screen
• Reduce screen glare, brightness, and minimize light reflection
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Workstation Issues:Document Placement
• Repetitive twisting from reading documents while at your computer can lead to neck, upper back, and shoulder stress
• Reading documents laid flat on a work surface can cause neck and shoulder discomfort
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Workstation Solutions:Document Placement
• Ideally, the document should be positioned vertically on the same plane and height as the screen
• Place documents on the same side as the “Dominant Eye”
• Add task lighting to properly illuminate documents
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Workstation Issues:Office Environment
• Improper lighting can cause undue strain on eyes leading to headaches or other issues
• Poorly regulated air temperature, ventilation, and humidity can be a major source of discomfort
• Researchers found that the average desk has 400 times more bacteria than the average toilet seat
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Workstation Solutions:Office Environment
• Control your immediate “airspace”
• Adjust lighting to a comfortable level
• Get some sunlight and fresh air
• Clean work surfaces on a weekly basis
• Incorporate antimicrobial protected products into your workspace
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Tips to Remember
• Use neutral postures• Adjust your workstation• Keep things within reach• Get rid of clutter• Take frequent breaks• Stretch occasionally• Practice ergonomics
everywhere!
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Thank you, from TheOfficeBOSS!