Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

7/27/2019 Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

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FEDERALBUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONFREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION

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SUBJECT: ERNEST HEMINGWAY


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R s-n!De sir u s e llmnI19;u . . gmAL"? 'T h e writer desires to acquaint b e 1 s s s \e % u ,' 1 '1 getaii, -- r - .with.a.relationship*that has developed under the direction of the.Ambassador with Mr. ER N ES T H EM IN G W A Y .

A s the Bureau is aware, H E M I N G W A Y ha s been resident inCuba almost continuously during the past tw o years, occupying his;private finca at S an Francisco de Paula about 1 4 miles east ofHavana.~ 1 Mr. H E M I N G W A Y has been o n friendly terms with ConsulKE N N E T , EOETEH since the spring o 1941; recently he has becomevery friendly with M r . O B E B TPQ3CICE, S e c on d Secretary of Embassy,an d through M r . J O Y C E ha s m et the A m ba ssa do r o n several occasions.It is th e writer's observation that the initiative in developingthese friendships ha s come from H E M I N G W A Y , but the opportunity ofassociation with him ha s been welcomed by Embassy officials.

v ~ e ' - - ( : 0 . / / - R 63 '6p m -5 . At several conferences with the A m ba ss ado r a n d officersQ of the Embassy late in August l942, the topic of utilizing H E M I N G H A ! '; services in intelligence activities wa s discussed. The A m b a s s a d o rpointed out that HEMINGWA Y ' $ experiences during the S p a n i s h Civil' 2 W a r , his intimate acquaintances with S p a n i s h Republican refugees' ' in Cuba, a s well a s his long experience on this island, seemed to g1 place him in a position of great usefulness to the Embassy 's 'intelligence pr og r a m. While this program is inclusive of allintelligence a g e n c i e s a n d the Embassy s own s o u r ces of information,the fact is that the A m b a s s a d o r regards the Bureau representation- = ; in the Embassy as the unit primarily concerned in this work. The t A m b a s s a d o r further pointed out that H E M I N G W A Y ha d completed somewriting which had occupied him until that time, and wa s n ow ready_w ,1 : a n d anxious to be called noon. - _ ; ~ y ,T 1;E\L'l\1IED _ $3 I __:;The writer pointed out at these conferenc svsusevsyFwv8" 5 ;_ formation which could be secured concerning the o eratiggsjyg the; ; panish Falange in n p a would be of material assist n c e n our worh,F:a n d that ifH E M I N G W A Y wa s willing to devote his tim an&abilitlesL=;W,to the gathering of s u c h information, the results w uld be m o s t I welcome s. It wa s pointed out to Mr. JOYCE, wh ' v -" Qw _ [ cuss a an B Y 8 /4 ! Vk

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I Director, . ,. r . i1Be:r.Ernest-Hemingwayon several memoranda that he'likes'BEMINGHA!'S app ro ach , a n d wishesto encourage him in the type of work that he is doing. H E M I N G W A Yhimself told m e that he declined a n offer from Hollywood to write1 a script for a M a r c h of Time" report o n the "Flying Tigers" inBurma, for which the.compensation wa s to be $l50,000, because heconsiders the w o rk he is n ow engaged in a s of greater importancgn , bktive work o n the south coast of Cuba . .. , wh o has a wide reputation a s a fisherman, kn ow s the

coast line and waters of Cuba very intimately; he has also engaged; over a 12-year in some scientific investigations concerningthe -migration o

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, be recognized a s wa r casualties for purposes of,indemnification~in the event any loss of liferesults from thisoperation. p .with specific reference to the conducting of intelligenceinvestigations o n th e island of Cuba by M r . H E M I N G W A Y , the writerwishes to state that his interest thus far ha s not been limited to' the S p a n i s h F a l a n g e an d S p a n i s h activities, but that he ha s includedn u mer o u s German suspects. His reports are promptly furnished a n d heassures M r . J O Y C E that his only desire is to be of assistance on acooperative basis, without compensation to himself, and that he will_ be guided at all times by our wishes. S o far, n o conflict ha s

L"in H a v a n a , a n d H E M I N G W A Y told m e that he wishes to be told where tolimit his.investigations whenever this is thought desirable. \9 u\; ."';):'.~\- .1

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= ~ A-'~Referenceis made to my letter dated October $,. l942.in this matter. For the further information of the Bureauregarding Mr. H E H I N G W A X ' S participation in intelligenceactivities, under the auspizes of the Embassy , it is n o w-A 1 understood that o n e _ I A Y O DuBA&_is being sent from WashingtonI for the special purpose of assisting Mr. H E M I N G W A Y in this work. "

-, Mr. H E M I N G W A Y advised the A m b a s s a d o r that D U R A N had been active with him in intelligence_work o n the Republican sideof the S p a n i s h Civil W a r , a n d recommended his abilities veryhighly; D URAN , he said, held some position in the Department of State, the exact position being u n k n o wn . H e wa s uncertainwhether D U R A N wh o wa s formerly a Spanish citizen had acquiredAmerican citizenship. . - -

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At the instance of Mr. H E M I N G W A Y , t e A m b a s s a d o rcommunicated with the Department or State wh ch agreed to releases, , D U R A N on leave of a b s e n c e in order that he.m ght come to Cuba a n d_ N work with Mr. H E M I N G W A Y a s he did in Spain.

: 4 Ozfurther interest in this mggzr is a visit ofI

$ 1 5 . E R N E S H E M I N G W A Y (the fo rm er mar G E L 1 - L O R N ) g to Washingtonduring the w ee k c o mm e n cin g October 1 2 1 42. Mrs. H E M I N G W A Yis to be the personal guest of Mrs. ROOSEVELT during her stay inWashington, a n d the A m b a s s a d o r outlined to her certain aspectsof the intelligence situation in Cuba in order that she mightconvey the sa m e, in personal conversation, to the President a n dMrs. RO O S E V E L T . This ha s specific reference to the Embassy's request tfor approval o f. financingby the.American G o v e r n m e n t .ofinternment and investigative program brought out by the"Cuban -authorities. To date, n o action ha s resulted from Washington o nthis proposal a n d it is thought by the A m b a s s a d o r that some results_ m a k o ained through this form of personal contact.. " \b~ . - I n( 5 - W - 7 9 c u s s .X T .Y/ - n m s o ie m1 m mn R E Y

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Director , R e : E R N E S T n m z m s w a r -CC.- .~ e - _ ~ _ v _ _ 1 o - 9 ' - 4 2" . In-.view.o the importance Of."th1BIB8.t'C1, yo u may 1. 1 ; ; desire tobring this and..rete'renoe.;1etter.to the personal . ' attention or theDirector. 1 - i

V e r y truly yours,

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G . L EDLegal At tach

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' * ' .Ix. Coffey f, 3 Ur. Heudon_i_c m L L > ? m 3 :: 1 t . ' i . ? i - ' . _ _ CM E M O R A N D U M F O R TH E DIRECTOR Mr. Harbo_____W 1 ~M ''"'Tm-e : rsnssr : I _ n I I N G \ s A _ I 1 1 - 1 m.,

A B K R E I NI M1. _s . @ . c < c a o u : : n . 1 . . . "'*"'oneQxcmrmmmsmm Man BeahmMiss G a nM r . finest Hemingway, .we l l - known A m e r i c a n writer, re ntly , /ha s been acting .a s personal informant of _ 1 _ h / n b a s s _ a d 9 ; ' Spruill_'/: aden~ in H a v a n a , Cuba. ' W '

DETAILS / Q . . . . . . . . . . . - ~ - a s '1 I .F B I A t t a c h e R . G . ' 1 . e a i 5 ' , stationed at t h e A m e r i c a n E m b a s s y inH av an a, C uba , ha s recently advised that Ernest Hemingway , well-knorm A m e r i c a nwriter, ha s been residing in Cuba, just outside H a v a n a , for approximatelytw o years. Hemingway , itwill be recalled, engaged actively on the side _of the S p a n i s h Republic during the S p a n i s h Civil W a r , a n d it is reported thathe is very well acqua in t ed with a large number of Span ish re fugees in Cubaa n d elsewhere. Hemingway, itwill be recalled, fioined in attacking the Bureaearly in 1 94 0 , at the tim e of th e "gene ra l smear campaign" following th e Marrests of certain individuals in Detroit charged with violation of Federal = 1 '5 , statutes in connection with their participation in S p a n i s h Civil W ar activities.. Itwill be recalled that Hemingway s igned a declaration, along with a number . ' of other individuals, severely criticizing the Bureau in connection with the YDetroit arrests. Hemingway ha s been accused of being of Co mmun i s t sympathy , ialthough we are advised that he ha s den ied a nd does vigorously den y a nyCommunist affiliation or sympathy. Hemingway is repor ted to be personallyfriendly with Amb assad o r B r a d en , an d he is report d to enjoy the Ambassador ' scomplete confidence. According t:;Aent Leddy, Bgmtyway is also on very

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friendly te rms with United States C sul Kennetglfg ter, presently stationed .-in Cuba, a n d with ?.ir . Robert P; J cs, S e c o n d _Secrej,ry_o the\_A;z1erican- l/in H """ " """ m s" a v a n a . " " ' ' " >1u-ha s J _ v EQEQM r . Leddy ha s advised been5 c t 3 . ' I : 1 g ' s s " " l ' n : is?-"""*:";"' 5formant of Ambassador Braden for the past several months fi n d in this capacity . - . ha s b e e n - _ deal ing closelywith Ambassador Braden sndseconid S e c : - e ' t ' a ; r y ? . 1 s , e ' . 4' Leddy stated that Amb assad o r Braden ha s made n o secret o f g this connec , t i on , ,_ , _ _ _in so far a s Agent Leddy is c on c ern ed, a n d, further, that theAr3.hassado1i :has.. *insmcted that all of H emingway ' s reports a n d ny ion fi1I 1 '1 lSh8d|by him' a 5 3 m u s t be turned over to Mr41fddy. spa) * " " = ~ -

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t u rned o v e r to Leddy, which, acco rd ing to Leddy, is actually beingdo ne. L eddy suggested that th e Bureau take this matter up with A m -bassador Braden while he is in the U n ite d States.Itwas po in te d o ut to Leddy that th e Bureau certainly c a n n o ttake the matter up with Ambassador Baden a n d protest to him unlessLeddy ha s first made the Breau's position quite plain to the Ambassador himself. Itwa s pointed out to M r . Leddy that the Ambassador wouldJundoubtedly resent a n y complaint or protest concerning the a r r a n g e m e n tfrom the Bureau direct, which complaint a n d protest could only be basedupon Leddy's recomendations a n d information, unless Leddy ha s himselffirst discussed the matter with the Ambassador an d pointed out theBureau's position, this being particularly true in a sm uc h a s Amb assad o rBraden ha s apparently been quite frank with A g e n t Leddy a b o u t thea r r a n g e m e n t a n d ha s insisted that all information furnished by Hemingwaybe immediately furnished to A g en t L eddy .

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iv-. " '7vMr._Leddy stated that he can point o u t to th e Ambassador thathe, Leddy , ha s not c he cke d a n y reports from Hemingway concerning corruption' in th e Cuban Government ; that he does not feel that B ur ea u A g en ts should. . become involved in a n y such investigations, itbeing entirely without ourP 5 " iurisdiction an d a matter in which the Oubans: thamselves a lo n e a re con-.c e r n e d a n d someth ing that, ifwe get involved in it, is going to mean thatall of us will be thrown out of Cuba "ba g a nd baggage.

A g en t L eddy stated he can point out to the Ambassador thee xtr em e d a n ge r of having s o m e informant like Hemingway given free reinto stir up trouble such as that which will undoubtedly e nsue ifthissituation continues. M r . Leddy stated that despite the fact the ; ' 4 - t; tn .3 o _ _ 2 p ;g_;,L* < 3 N ? 3 E - A - a t* 1 1 -Y ' ~ - ' - . ~ ~ * 1 - '. " - .9 - ' .- . . - " x - .. -. . - . ~ ~ . .: Ar _ _ _ _ v f _ _ . _ u t _ -- r I, {_ -1 - , ; ;_s'~>,1-, . , -_r,~1(_\.=, ; ; \;41~. _, , -:5 _.,?___;_,-_;._.._,vr5 - ' . : _ > _ , ; > : y . !- ' . \ 4 f g ; '- z . ' . , :f I _ ' ~ , ' .9 " < f a : ~ ' f . ; ,_ . j : ,x 'Q.=-q . , . ,?_ , : . _, _ :_ : ___ . .:.::_.__ . _. _I..__>_._ii._i_;._ ._. 7..e-_. ezi f,i'"lz " * ' > ~ ; a r m . .1 . . ,_ _ _ -_...___...___, _ _ _ _ , A _. ~ . - _\.). \~/-~- - - - . ~ - , - - - i -~ - ~ - y = . - _ - Q " 1 ~ . -_-- . _._, ....-.-. . .M . . . , . . . . - '-< - . . / . ~ ~ ~._-..-......',-~ 1 Y < ' i V V _ _ .7 __ ' __ _ _r ' - ""* ' " .*~~ ~ e *- ""11-'\7w""\!\""1*v.'-:~"!"-=


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M e m o r a n d u m for th e Director 4 --.-

Ambassador likes Hemingway a n d apparently ha s confidence in him, he isoi the opinion that he, Leddy , c a n handle this situation with the A m-bassador so that Hemingway's se rv i ces as an i n f o r m a n t will be com-pletely discont inued. llr. Leddy stated that he can point o u t to th eAmbassador that Hemingway is going further than just an informant,that he is actually branching out into a n investigative organization' of his own which is not snbjectgto a n y control whatsoever." N _ R E C O M M E N D A T I O N

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= Hr. Leddy, ifyou approve , will be told to adv ise th e Bureauprompt ly and in detail as to the outcome o i his negotiations with th eAmbassador con ce r n i n g this matter, at which t ime w e should, it is believed,adv ise M r. Berle for th e Bureau 's protection.' Respectfully,

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~ ' v e r 1 _ < m I 0 - a 1 1 e < _ 1w ' ~ . _ . aiding the Igyafiet cauee in Spain In the latter connec t ion he spent. _ , eometinein pain during the Spanieh revolution an d repo r ted the evcnte~ ' tranepiring there for the N o r t h lnerican Iewepaper llliance.1 e ,\ _ Despite Ben ingwa f e activitiee, n o information ha e been rece ived which would definitely tie hi: with the Go n m m i e t Party or whichwould indicate that he ie or ha s been a P a r t y n e n be r . H ie actione, how-e v e r , have indicated that hie viewe a re liberal an d that he m a y beinclined favorably to Gon lmn ie t political phi loeophiee. i\

-, . .&ningwa7'ie n ew ialiavena, G u h a where he ha s ree ided for o v e rtwo yea re . Ior eonet iae he ac ted ae an u n d e r - c o v e r intoraant forAmer ican l nbaeeador Spruille Braden, an d apparent ly enjoyedthe Anbaeea-dor'e complete con f idence . Y ou will recall that on December 1 7, 1942,there were eet forth in a nenorendun for you . the detaile of Hemingwe,y'eactivitiee in Cuba, as well ae the detaile of hie aeeoc ia t ion with theA m e r i c a n 1nbaeeedor_ -Briefly, Hemingway eetabl iehed what w a e termed en amateurinformation service an d gathered alleged intelligence data which he ,/ tu rned ov e r to H r . Braden. In thie work Hemingway developed hie o w n c o n -; . fidential i n to : -man ta a n d wae eaid to he friendly with a number of S p a n i s h .. - . - _ refugeee in Cuba. H ie relationship with the Ambaeeader w e e quite friendly/ 4 " , , 1 1 1 ; waeea - reed ; repreeentati1ee.in

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" 1 = . - - I .S.-. ~~ - ' -f'=-"theBnreIurepresentattveetetionedat theAmerican Embassy in H avan a , G u b a ha s r = *1 7 V1194 *3 M A'b"""drdiscontinued Hemingway's services effective April l, 1 9 4 3 . At the presentt ime he is alleged to be performing a highlyisscret nev'LL.9P?'l"-l\ 3 ! _t , } ;e1a1y Depar tmen t . In this connection, the N a v y Depar tment 1 8 II!-6 9b epy sor the opera t ion of Hemingway's Set. fllmilhillhim with arms an d charting courses in the C u b a n a r e a . (4The Bureau ha s c o n du c te d no investigation of Hemingway ml 1 1 1 ',--nu.-19 1;; g gn g g en e d 1 1 | .e o n . n e c tio n -with o the r - . .Bn reau investigationsa n d various data concerning him ha ve been submitted voluntarily by Hnumber of different sources. '

l Respectfully,

D. ll. Lsdd Dlnclosu re

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-trim o r w n n r r s M"! UE*"mLA . Personal History a n d B a c k g r o u n d1 : . Activ it ies o n mm: o f Loyalist S p a i n

l. Abraham Lincoln Brigade2 . Amer i can Rescue Ship Miss ion

-. _ - . 3 . .Les-gsncy J)on ferenss te :Sass_-Spenishle fugees .; ~ 4 . Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee5. Medical B u r e a u to Aid S p a n i s h De mo c r acy

' Motion Picture Artists Committee

;l tQI O O Horth A m e r i c a n Commit tee to Aid S p a n i s h Democracy8. Span ish Refugee Belief Campaign.9 . U n i t e d spun n o C o i t t e e _ _

1 0 . United Y o u t h Committee to Aid S p a n i s h Democracy" _.ll. Haters end Artists,Ambu.lance Corps

Possib le Connect ions with Communist P a r t yD. Mis ce l l an e ous Activities

l. American Committee for the Protection of foreign Born2; A m e r i c a n Writers Congress3. League of A m e r i c a n Writers

- T . 4. M e x i c a n Trip._"D. G e n e r a l Information - ~ .- - . "" r -.-An ________

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_ _ J _ _ v _ ; . ; " " _ " T " f .71' I I I1' IB' GI;__@iI, '_11I IDI I IZ IST _AIlI ,- - ' - ;'= ~ 'During"the fiazdsh bvu1utisn"&inpraywas'vwr7 active in furtheringth e Loyalist cause an d sp en t s o m e t ime in Spa in du r i ng this period. m e Pearson_ _ an d Allen column in the Sunday llirror or J a nu a r y 1 7, 1937, con t a ined the following3 remarks con ce r n i n g E r n e s t Hemingway an d th e Span ish R e v o l u t i o n : ''Iashington.-American syapath ise rs of th e Spanish Reds ha ve been wast ing_ a lot or good fighting. _

.zi 'A6;-K' "The left-wingers ha v e be en scrapping a m o n g themselves o v e r who7; - . . ahou1.drnlei'he=roost"ot,amveaent toald the -bd~oanae ,=: .&a i n~ . i n he-weeks, wwnmnrths ingwtting III:hrway,"

( _ . __ . _. .. .- ha s following information appeared in the column entitled "Lyons Den"by Le o n a rd L y ons , in th e J a nu a r y 26 , 1937 i ssue o i th e N e w Iork P o s t :"The report a lon g Broadway last night was that E r n e s t Hemingway a l readyha s sailed'or Madr id , an d n o w is on th e high s e as , loyalist-bound...Tothose who know him, this doesn't seen so s t range . But to a million othersthere is w o n d e r - a s to why a n an w h o ha s tale, security an d a family he1"; shouldrisk his life in w a r - - to r n areas.. . Ihat price 1 4 - 1 1 m a this

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. -;.-.,.isn!t the tiretaacrifice pnrsuanceot what he knows. 1 _ ; ;; ~ ~ . - w t e h e mnh.~.xIoi-"years he'a . .been . re3ac ' t ing i nv i tadz lons to go to Hol lywood

..--:_:andwrite tor t h e a e v i s s - a t " $ h , 5 0 0 . a w e e k . Bu t during the past two weeks . ~ . - - . - - z h e bwotedhie tina:~e:te1:ri.ti.eg.anb-titl.ea, Iithont payer sc reencredit, for hekino tiles!" 'Ihile in S p a i n , dur i ng the Spanish R e v o l u t i o n , Hemingway wa s saidto have assoc ia ted with Jw Allen, o i th e N o r t h American Newspaper Alliance.It ha s been alleged by a number of sources that Allen was a Oou su n i s t an d heis known to have been afliliated with alleged Communist Front organizations.Iealsowas it-.-all-I ~- --=. - i - -Mu - - I-=- -

lw e .n ~ . - ~ - - w e - - -1 = - - m - s n ua r y "I v - \ *i:n8en F r a n c i s c o ,Hoxnia, ha s stated that Hemingway was a friend of his with when he fought-1 the Span ish Civil Iar. - c_ I Hemingway apparent ly spent s o m e t ime in a c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p in S pa in .

- A confidential informant who taught in th e Span ish Civil W ar tor theloyalists, an d who cla.imed to have been captured an d placed in a c o n c e n t r a t i o nc a m p at S an Pad r e s , Cardenas , Sp a in , stated that he net E r n e s t Hemingway whilein thiss me S a m B ar on , while testifying before the Dies Oonai t tee on Novsnber23 , 1 9 3 8 , r ead into the r e c o r d th e tollowing article, which he stated ha dappeared in Ialter Iinchell's c e l u a n , dated Septqher 2, 1 9 3 8 , con ce r n i n g E r n e s tH e n i n g w g i his article an d th e te s tim o n y of llr. Baron conce rn ing Hemingway .is as I ows: ' Ernest Hdngwsy ha s a piece suing o u t in lien about a c o rr es po n de n ttor a power fu l British newspaper. Because itwould be libelous in Englandto aention the man 's n a m e itisn't. Ittells how this co r r e s pon de n t triedto send out an uncenso red story about Loyalist terrorism-that the soldiersa re want-on ly s h o t dead by their o w n fellows, etc. I - I - I Hemingway tried totell th e newcomer that sud: termr happened last year--not anymore .--- Never theless th e n an insisted on send ing out the fabrication by anewspaper girl, who didn't know ths_ con te n ts o i th e sealed enve lope . H adA s h e been caught with iten her p erson , she would ha v e been shot. --- Thenswspspemen there finally intercepted th e enve lope an d dest royed it.

I _ "What Iw a n t to bring out here ia.that.rnast Helaingway, a courageous>::3ndidnal,~IhQgI"adnire,':.md an ahln.atory~tel.lsr,1ho ha d inst gone- ta S p a i n , tried t o _ talk upon political aatters, whidz E r n e s t Hemingwaydoes not unders t and , but ha s Just been whitewashing O o m u n i s t terror inSpain in th e v a r io u s articles he had written in the United-States. H eha s h er e a d m itte d that th e Colsaunists have been spreading terror in Spainan d shoot ing their tsllow loyalists in th e backs." .Dll .'ii :-, .\'v . , - - - . / \ v ' 1 * .- ~ _ .~ . 4' , ., _ 1 "?3- ....

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})to talk at Iriter'sRally. fhis article stated..that E r n e s t Hemingway, distinguished

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- . _ ~ . - : : sight afAmsrisa'al@ingwriters relnsedan appaa lsn February 3, 1939 F! P e a r l Buck, Ernest firtherland B atas . . a | n l .B r n e a t_Hn in gw n y , for tbzaisingof rfluI iuugo1nnshqnwwunnd1hspuMalpflfl ic i ruatmyhurammin'fl I>Ud3ed IStates for its defense. A n a c c o u n t of thia_also.appeared.in the Peoples Iorld .on Fe b r ua r y 7, 1 9 3 9 . -O n . I a y a h , 1 9 3 9 , ta . D a i l y Ibrker.csr ied a n art icle etitled, ' H e n d n g w a y

Amer i can writer, would make his first peblic. appearance sincehis recent returnfrua S p a i n , at the public meet ing of th e A ae r ioan writer's Oongrese tobe heldat Carnegie Hall, Friday e v e n i n g , June la , that Hemingway, who ha d bought an dequipped- , tme.ambelaness. fer theQaniflrlayalimts,sepertsdtha asyndica te of A a e r i c a n newspapers. A cco r d in g to this article, Earl Hrowder,.~ 6&1-alfleeretary ef the fl u n a n n is t Party, would also address this nesting on I. th e probluns of the intellectual an d th e people's front a g a i n s t Fasc ism. ' '- A clipping reportedly f rom H o w fork fines of September 2 1 , 1 9 1 : - 1 , wasfurnished by a confidential so urce . T his clipping announced that a dinnerforum on Europe wodld be held October 9, at the H o t e l Bil taaore in N e w fork,under th e auspices of th e A n e r i c a n Oosleittee to Save Refugees, th e kilo Committeeof th e League ofAmerican~Iritsre, an d the Uni ted Aaer i can . Sp an ish Aid Committeeto raise funds for th e transportation of anti-Fascist refugees f rom F r enchc o n c e n t r a t i o n canps tethe A me r i cas . this clipping stated that Lillianflellaanan d Erneetlidingwqwere co -cha i rman ofthedinnerferm oesmi t tee . -

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-3... 9'1; -her B o n f s r s n o e _ t o 8 s v e -g . , - - .. . _'*'5-'5a 1..._.Ini~kcembarl91|l, itwas alleged thatfleaingwqhadhssnasponsor fof *&e.k:-gsnsy flmafsrunrto save Spanish Ibfugees,'whi:h at the t ime of thereceipt of this information, was n o longer in existence.

Joint A n t i - F a s c i s t g h e f u g e e c _ = 5 1 q t e _ 5Hemingway was listed in a m e m o r a n d u m rece i ved on August 27, 1 9 1 4 2 ,f rom a confidential source as being a national sponsor for th e Joint Anti-FascistRefugee Committee. This source m a d e th e following c o m m e n t con ce r n i n g the committee:Inn Februsr72h,a 1.91:2-the America itteeo S a v e .Refugees.andthe Uni ted Amer i can Spanish Aid Colnsittee met in execut ive sess ion an d. amalgamated to fo rm the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, hereinafterreferred to as J A F R C . The purposes of th e _ J A F ' R C a re repo r ted to b e . th ereturning to the Uni ted Sta tes of Aner icen m e m b e r s of the Loyalist Army- of Spain who have been in prison or i n t e r n m e n t oenps in Spain or F r a n c es i nce th e conc lus ion of th e Span ish Civil wa r an d to furnish a re fugefor r efu ge es fr o m the pr es en t governmen t of Sp a in . It s e e m s to havebroadened its aims to include th e re fugees of a n y of the countries ofEurope which ha v e be en ove r run by the N a zis . The we original o r g a n i z a -tions were decidedly Ccinmistic an d were controlled by Communists forth e benefit of Communists, extreme radicals, an d the Abraham LincolnBr igade. It is believed that the pr es en t organisation is'of th e s a m enature. Itis repor ted that itha s approximately fifty active members."

_ lledical Bureau To A id Span ish Democracy _- - 1 circular bear i ng thedate "o f J a n u a r y , 193 ' ! with th e title, MedicalBureau to Aid S pan i sh Dem o c rac y ", an d reportedly is s u ed fr o m 3 81 F o u r t h Avenue,N e w fork City, stated that this organisation ha d furnished eight hospitals,1 1 3 n u r s e s , an d fifty-two ambulances, an d that th e writers, artists, screen an dstage workers ha d been most active in s e cu r in g m e dic a l aid for the Span ishpeople, that dur ing 19 3 7 , they ha d contributed about $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 to th e medica l -burea u. This circular naed E r n e s t H e nin gwa y a s hav in g purchased two a m bu la n c es . -Hemingway was a lso credited with th e purchase of these two ambulances in a N e wY o r k Times article on J a nu a r y 1 2 , 1 937 . This article n a m e d Sa u l Cars o n , th eExecut ive Director of th e Me d ica l Bureau as its source of information. In atelegram to the M e dic a l Bureau office in N e w Y o x t City, Hemingway ha d reportedlysignified his intention of going to Spain soon .""'Ufliy10; l93T'there appeared -(largeadin the N e w fork Timesrbyth e H e d i c a l Bureau which th e ad itself desc r ibed as being affiliated with theN o r t h American Committee to aid Span ish Democracy. Hemingway was listed asone of th e sponsors w h o ha d a l ready helped them.

hotion Picture Artiste C o m m _ i t t e eThe " N e w s of th e World," which was publ ished by the Hol lywood Anti-N a z i League an d which ha s bepn descr ibed-as fa journal in defense of American

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. _ . . i":. In J a n n s r y , _ l 9 h 2 itmas s n : : . e n . a m a n Cultural~Amsm: i .a t . i n , Im.",'-of &*!ork.fl$y,1mtontasmallpamphletsoJ.iciting support . ;. - - . ; . . . ..'lhenameofRrnet.B.i'qw.s11nsredthsrei.nas s.me_mbercf i ' .hs. .Bosrdof . :. . '

This group was purportedly o rgan ized to foster'bstter relations betweenth e United States an d Rus s ia . 'A confidential infomant repo r ted on September 23 , 19141, that E r n e s tHemingway ha d broken all ties with th e Cosmuniste.) . .

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._ In Jan ua r y , 1 94 0 , Hemingway addressed letters o v e r his p e r s o n a l4. .; s igna tu re e n do r s i n g th e work or th e Amer i can Comittee tor the Protection' or Fo re ign -Bo rn an d soliciting th e a s sis ta n c e or v a r i o u s persona . H e re-g quested that a n y contributions in th e fo rm of c hec ks be m a d e payable to him.A confidential source mrnished a m e m o r a n d u m dated O c to ber 1 8 , 1941 ,con ce r n i n g the Amer ican Committee for the Protection of F o r e i g n - B o r n . lhia. _ m e m o r a n d u m atateathat on lla.rch2 a n i ; 3 , . e l 9 4 0 , -* the above-ment ioned organisation. - . held its F o u r t h A n n u a l Con ie rmce in Iashington, D. C. an d disseminated e. 1 : - circular soliciting sponsors . According to this m e m o r a n d u m , the circular" con ta i n e d a printed picture of th e head an d lert am of the Sta tue of Liberty,a n d o ppo se d "registration an d fingerprinting or non-citizens", whidz was re-j _ ; ga rde d a s a discrimination against the foreign-born. This circular wa s signedointly by E r n e s t Hemingway an d Dr. William Allen N e i l s o n , as co-chai rmen" for the Committee of S po n s o rs . ..2 *2 - I - . 2 . @ . . - " ~ ' . 1 ; . : / . - V - . f s ', . ~ , = ' o " . ~,

* 1 list or the s p o n s o r s of the A m e r i c a n C o m m i t t e e for t h e Protectionof Fo re ign -Bo rn , 79 - 5 th Av en u e , N e w Iork City, which was dated August 1 94 0 ,con t a ined the n a m e ct finest Buinpay.A c c o r d i n g to a contidential s ou r ce , H n i n g w a y an d on e Dr. IilliaaA . Nei l son , who were co -cha im en of th e Committee of Sponsors for the F o u r t hA n n u a l Confe rence of this organisation, wrote to the Editor or the lPeople'sg _ n . Uorld, a n alleged Communist newspaper at S a n F r a n c i s c o , seeking financial

- ~ ' - su ppo r t tor the committee in its drive a g a i n s t anti-elim bills then pendingin Congress .

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The II-ily Iorker of Jan ua r y 2, 19 41 , stated that Carey Iilliams,the California commissioner of Immigra t ion an d Hous ing ; P r o f e s s o r filterB8-utenstrauch, D e a n of the S choo l of Mecha n i ca l Blgineering at Columbia Uni-versity, an d Dr . lax Iergan, P r e s i d e n t or th e National Negro Congress , ha daccepted invitations to se r ve as co-chai rmen of th e 1 50 sponsors tor theFifth N a t i o n a l Confe rence of the Amer ican Committee for the Protection ofFbre ign -Born to be held inAtlantic City on larch 29 an d 3 0 , 1 94 1 . Hemingwaywa s n a m e d a s one of th e sponsors or th e C o n g e s s .

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- * - a " ~ - pericm Iritere oongjese 1'e A circular advertising an "American Iritere Congress" to be heldat Carnegie Hall, N e w Y o r k City, on June 4 , 1937 , stated that Ernes t Hemingway.. Z-- .

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' e \ __ . ". - -13-. q m n u a s u e~ a n d .B r 1~ n :w da : - we r e te . .he apukera atithia eengeea. anlacconnt at thisin-fie lieiiork Ems ofIn1 ., - 1937, which arried a n article

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1 ll" wa s writtenby F rede r i ck Ioltnan, a start writer of the newspaper, am stated,- - ' . - . " l h e r oo r th -znm er iun Writers c om pa ss o pe n in g tomor row at the c o m m o d o r e Hotel- . . ,

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,,': stating that Bem inpay , who ha d s p e n t s o m e n on the in S p a i n , would make hisCongress of hne r i can Iritere on Jun e 1 . , 1937 , at Carnegie Hall. Other speakersat this meeting, o v e r which Archibald llaclnish pres ided, were S e n a to r G er aldP . Ry e , hrl Browder, Donald Ogden Stuart an d Represen ta t i ve John P . B a r n a r d .A confidential source c e m e n t i n g on this article stated that Hemingway was _c lose to th e Communist Party, but that he had n o knowledge of Hemingway'sactual membership in the Party.

in article appeared in th e N e w Iork W or ld telegraph ct June 5 , 1 94 1 ,entitled ._'!fl'itar'a Congwss HeJ.d-Conunu.nist Cultural ironts. Jhia article

is part of a Communist cultural front which, s i nce its origin six years ago ,consistently ha s fo l lowed the political deviations of th e Soviet Union an dth e Comnmnist Party, a surv ey by the W o r l d Telegraph showed today."This article goes on to state that th e Iriters Congress ha d beensupported by many p rominen t individuals who res igned iron this crpnisationwhen th e Communist Party "scrapped collective security an d w ent in torisolationian following th e Hitler StalinPact." Listed a m o n g the personswho were n o longer connec ted with the Iritere C o n gr es s du e to itsallegedfollowing or th e Communist Party Line, wa s the n a m e of E r n e s t Hmin gw ay .

! 2 s 1 1 n _ 2 _ 1 _ m e 1 $ < : a n _ l r i i s : a~ 1 - ' - Y - O n Fe b r ua r y 2 1 , 191.1 , Hemingway wa s repor ted as being a vice-president an d member of the Board of Directors tor th e League or Amer i canIriters, Inc., which is reportedly a Communist Front organisation.

A circular purportedly publ ished by the Rational Board of th eleague or Amer ican Iriters, Inc., carried th e n a m e or E r n e s t Hemingway a sP r e s i d e n t or this Natioml Board . this circular solicited financial aid forthose individuals who ha d fought with th e Loyalists in th e Spanish R e v o l u t i o n ,an d stated that th e attaapt wa s being m de to bring than to Mexico . It c o n -tained th e following s ta te m en t c o n c er n in g th e alleged need for these personsto he r an o v e d tron a F rench c o n c e n t r a t i o n comp." "-to the $13,200-which" 'was raised at a dinner weheld on Oc t obe r 1 '7in cooperat ion with a committee or leading publishers. Passage tol lezioo has been bought for these fortumte exiles. B ut at least 75others a re awaiting o ur help. Itn o w costs $ 6 0 0 . 0 0 per person to getthan safely o ut of F r a n ce to Hence. Idle they wait in Lisbon for

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naatlive, they~ not ha w mood; n ; , d ' 0 I I n = n t 1 O- _ - " -1--'1:-'heri.naa, to " - 2 ; = . - : 4sl.: - E" '!exiea'n1 0 ).

mam , - O n on e occas ion Ilmingny wrote an article against wa r Ihidx

appeared in Esqui re llagatine. This article wa s later i n co rpo ra ted in a' - t s "pamphlet prepared by the American Youth Congress a n d one individual at leastwa s arrested tor distributing these on l i ovmber ll,1 935 , inSeattle,Ia ton.A c c o r d i n g to t h e Apri l , 1 9 3 9 , amecm or min fo r D m o c r a c y ,I:-nest Hemingway wa s at that tine a aeaber of th e A d v i s o r y Board or thisO n an unspecified date Heminpay tried to contact F re n c h Ambassador' Gaston H e n r i - K a y e . the re as on tor his desire to c o n t a c t the Ambassador is n o tknomn. H r s . Hemingway a lso tried to c o n t a c t th e F re n c h Ambassador on December: | . a , 1 9 1 . 0 .

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- , ' .O FF | C - O F THJ. .EGAL ATTACI - {L H". _-..

' ; 3:1 - x t H E R E I N r s u z - r c m x s s x m z n out 0 * 3 3 m s s s s v o F T H !

. _ _ ;_nmmmA,m'umm,mm > m , _ , , , . ; ; . ; ' ' . . - .. ~/ 1 ) : E X C E P T W H E R E S H O W ! 5}b r r so s 1 ' A 1 ' e s or A M E R I C A, { o n - n z m v x s s . - - . HAIANA. CUIAJ u n e 1 1 9 4 3l\

in- - - - - OiU'ashington, D. C.Director . Igederal Bureau of Investigation % ; i. '1 3 s E : : e d8e * 9 e f j ' _ R e : E R N E S T m c n x n c w n x_ D e c i a s s i c n : O 1 . F" z : v> ' ug5_ _4|r' ' ' -Dear Sir: /-- ~ The H a ba n a C o m m u n i s t daily newspaperdfiicy" o n April 25,1 9 4 3 , carried a n extensive attack against ERNEST H E M I N G 1 - J A Y , dis-played under a four-column heavy title-line: "THE LA S T P O S I -T I O N O F TH E T R A I T O R H E M I N G W A Y " . / _ .. -//This article, written by Raul/Qnzalez, T u n o n , labeledI - I E M I N GW A I ' s "For W h o m the Bell Tolls" a book "so miserable soslanderous, that it m et with excellent reception am o n g the",Fascists, -the Trotskyists a n d the Muniohists.

; , It c o n de mn e d H e m in gw ay a s o n e of the "war tourists". who went . .to Spain, Fnot to seek the popular a n d eternal Spainbut to seek curious 'e1I',eminate' queer characters". O n hisfailure to find such characters in the Loyalist zone, the articles a y s , he made friends with the mo s t "delirius" adventurers in-riltrated in the O N T (Conrederacion Nacional de Trabajo) an d withthe individualists o f the Trotskyi o u p or the P o m : ( P us Q .fiat ~ ' 1 " 8 " brero Unificado Marxists). , Z O Z 2. ;_ , . M

' "The attacks o n A n d r e _ g ; _ ; m ' ; 'A ; _ \tition of kn ow n slander-s whose origin m t beizgu nag /- 1propaganda office of Dr. Goebbels,d tic. - - = I , , sis salt! ,.s. E : * . _ . ~_ It continues with the charge, 1 : 4nt 1 ;; _ ' _ ~ - 1:he.champicn-or . the " r ace ._theory;in*:.reverse.the United States a campaign for theserlizr a 12.ma n s a s a m e an s of preserving peace. That is, he wants to m - Qthi s a racial war against G e r m a n y . H e shakes h a n d s with Goebbels,who, trying to prevent the disaster of the G e r m a n people, s a y sthat the skin 1 Gevery e r man is at stake in this war. This ~idea of Hemingway's is a7' I '~ots l -cyist idea at h service of Nazi .". 3ID O ' IC I - e 5 : :

I . CLASS - : < . \ " 1 . :1:_Hp R E A S Q _ N _ 1 : 1 1 } , 1 3 2 . 2' ' : Q " >" t . - _' F .' ,L L lam) 7. : ',_/ DATE 0 REVIEi ' i v A H Ir id _ , 1 , \ u } 1 = - \ LC O N ? 4 " _

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' . ''' \ ' '1" ' _ ._ _ - _-- ' _. '- , . . - . |r g . -- : 4 5 ' Q . . Ihe article closes with the statement: H e r e is the ~c .literate.Hemingway;*anthn ct a slsndsronsfbook Ihich is a re-hash of others of his, this time directed against the C o m m u n i s tparty a n d against the Spanish people. H e r e is the portrait ofthe revolutionary tourist. His destiny will be the destiny ofall traitors, of all provocateurs who m a n e u v e r openly or inc o v e r against the Communist partyhistory. A n d against g o o d li

4

the people, against

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.-4 :9. ..lL .no4 ' ry truly yours! E.kn\. PONF. IYYFT. S. I S., . . . . - ~ .__-. ._'_1_'- " " " ' ' . . _ .-7? ' "-~""?-if ""1 =:a2'\51-


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_ ,1 ~ " %Osncs 09' - rue *L '~ ' :o AD: ' r - rncns9- ~ . -sum9 C l a s s i fi e d b y_ . 5 1 . x u r o t i - * * . = - 1 3 1 $ . l ' . 9

1 z nn T EXC?TV' 'R _ I r l T ' T . unrrsn starts or A M E R I C A ' K / _ o 'm c m s . s m m . B Y #1 SK ;;;: 5 2 31 ' : E . \ . S O N - F R I ! 1 1 . - Q 016)Director n us o r n t v m w I4 flea1 ~ - -V -~ - - -_ - /ederal Bureau of Investigation,Washington, D. C ._ , _ - O ._ . . R e : mnnssr H E M I N G W A Y --~ * I N T E L L I G E N C E A C T I V I T I E S IN cum - 9? $ 1 " pass? /' " '_ A s of interest to the Bureau, the followi g mattersaffecting general intelligence activities are set forth.n 1 l) C o m m u n i s t Attack o n Ernest H emingway.. \._ Q!/t-a-I-on-_e__) _ w -nlI@S IS #5 6 0 ha s submitted gmemorandum concerning the .1 - _ attack in the C o m mu n is t n e ws pa \ flgy" of April 25, 1943,against Ernest H e m i n g w a y . The article is entitled, "The LastI o _ .tion,o the '1 aitor Hemingway," a n d is written by 1 1 % ] . _" onzale _____unon . k $ K . . . -- " * \> I- I

' The article attacks He min gw ay o n several grounds. YE, , . went to Spain, not to seeksthe popular a n d eternal Spain, butto seek curious, "effeminate", queer characters. Not findingsuch characters in the Loyalist zone, they made friends withthe most "delirious" adventurers infiltrated in the CN T a n dwith the individualists of the Trotskyist group of the P O U M . .O n Hemingway's return to America, he published a book that wa s"so miserable, so slanderous", that itm et with excellent reception am o n g the Fascists, the Trotskyists a n d the Munichists.

0- " N1 0*. -e- ' =-First,-it c o n d e m n s him a s being o n e of the "war tourists" who ~ ~

This wa s For Whom the Bell Tolls." "The attacks o n Andre -_3 '- .1arty...constitute a repetition of k nown 3 . 5 _ n < j . e r s whose origin 1 '2\}nust be sought in the propaganda office -of DrTCt1B'bbels . . . ._ _ _- . 1 ~ ~ /

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7 . . < 1 " 5 , - . : _ /. j c , T ~ \ . . g - 2 ~ 2'9.Q . . . B 2 2 C 5 :race theory, in reverse. H e advocates i thefilwni ed States an campaign for the sterilization of all Ge2&ns a s _of.pre-serving peace. That is, he wants to make his a a9ialiv4-orb I943, against G e r m a n y . H e shakes h a n d s with Goebbels, ho, trying toprevent the disaster of the G e r m a n people, says t "the skin - -of every G e r m a n is at stake in this war." This i ea of Hemingway's _a Trotskyist idea at t lae service of Nazism. -.- I. 6 "' :\ .I \ . I < ' v ' ' ~ .. . ;, , -,} 5 _ _ . -, v - 2 ' , (_.. - _ ._ _ 4 y , _ _ ;_ .. Q ' _~ .. r '- rlr" 1 *g -. __" ' - ._ . . ~ _ . - ..-. . - - ~ - v - -_ = ; A _ \ _ ' _ .._..,._.g..;:.:._:_.,...,;.0;_.._.__,,,..;., , : 3 . ,. . _ . _ ..,-__,.._ -. ; - .. ,. .5.-;_.,,,,,.,_-;;;;,,.~,.,_.,;\:;-_@ -i_.- v , - 1 - , - - _ . - - _ ;~ 1 ~ ' _ _ _., ~_ ,. , ,-,, ,.~,_, -.. - ,_ . ._ . s _ ,- -....-.-~ -'. --,~ -.' -~."a .- - , ~ . ~ . _ , . _ . _ _ . _ . _ . _ . 1 ,,_ .--_:_;- _ _ . _ _._ -.- -H-.. .....-...._ _, .._._,_._.- . , . ._ . _. ._, ., . .- .I__ ; '


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_ _ - ' i gg} '. i . .5 . ~ .' *_ . _5 ' >.I The article closes stating - "Here is thliterate' H e m i n g w a y , author of a slanerous book which is"avrehashing of others of his, this time directed against the C o m m u n i s t Partya n d against the Spanish people. H e r e is the portrait of therevolutionary tourist. His destiny will be the destiny of alltraitors, of all provocateurs who m a n e u v e r openly or in coveragainst the C o m m u n i s t Party, against the people, against history.A n d against g o o d literature.":1.' - - - *!If!1' 7

2) Intelligence Activities of Mr. H e m i n g w a y _ _

T he original-of the a b o v e article is retained in thefiles.of.thia office since the aboveesets forth a complete a n d .adequate s u m m a r y .

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/. Although thejflmingnayilandlintelligence_erganizationwa s shut down by the A m b a s s a d o r o n April l, 1945, this office jcontinues from time to time to receive copies of oranda sub-mitted t M.-Hemi '" ' ,0 n g w a y e assistant, yg, Gu%g&gggn,~jho is . .n ow employed et_the.American Embassy a s ~ a m e m er of the AuxiliaryForeign Service. These m e m o r a n d a are few in n u m b e r a n d relate tocases which were previously under investigation. Mr. Duran hasstated that they are submitted to him by the former operatives ofthe H emingway organization o n a vo1unteer;basis.; It is neverthe-less k nown to the writer that H e m i n g w a y personally had 1 22 gallonsof gasoline charged to him from the Embassy's private gasoline"allotment, for the month of April 1946. W h e n the H emingway organ-ization wa s functioning, arrangements w e r e made that gasolinenecessary for transportation in connection with the intelligencework would be allotted from the Embassy's private stock, which isap rt.from and not subject to Cuban rationing restrictions. it V g s_ , V7 Mrs. Ernesizgsmingway, the former M the Gellhorn, aw it " . . '"r er fo , ecently solicited from .U5yce,S e c o n d Secretary of E m b a s s y , information concerning conditions o nthe island of Martinique, with special reference to American-Frenchrelations in regard to the "blocade" of Martinique. S he soughtthis information in order to complete a book setting forth resultsof a cruise in Caribbean waters whichsshe took in the fall of 1 9 4 2 .

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~ , _-#'aIiec\mImr qantsqleyedme -rnnrmnof 26 inlornnte composed of six full-tix operat i ves an d 20 un de r cov e ri n f o r m a n t s . The organisation w a s located n o t only in H a v a n a but also atH a ta nsa s , O a m a g u e y an d Sant iago de Ouba, all down the island. E h e em-penses of the organisation were paid f rom th e special funds of theAmer ican Imbassy at the direction of the Ambassador an d c a m e to totalnearly a thousand dollars a month. It is n o t known whether th eidentity ovHemingway's i n t o rm ants was eve r disc losed to th e Amer icanAmbassador bu t it is the belie! of the L e ga l A t ta c h e that theirpidentity_was known onlyto Hemingway. ; I' A- - :~ Hemingway claimedto o pe ra te the organisation with the greatestpossible discretion, hav ing sub-chiefs w h o con tac te d the actual investi-ga to rs an d in turn repor ted to him, thereby separa t ing him tronandirect c o n t a c t with the investigative work . Io P r e v e n t a n y policeaction, however , th e Ambassador personally requested of G e n e r a l Beni tesa letter stating that Hemingway was known to th e Ambassador an d was aperson of his con f idence . G ene r a l Beni tes responded with a letter forHemingway stating that Hemingway was mcwn to him, G e n e r a l Benites, an dshould receive e v e r y consideration. !'hie is not an e xa c t s ta te m en t s inceth e only c o n t a c t between Ge n e ra l Beni tes an d Hemingway ha s been throughth e letter f rom th e Amer ican Ambassador making th e above reques t .

__,- In August , 1942, Hemingway suggested to the Ambassador thatG ustav o a Spania rd employed by the Amer ican Governmen t in W ashington ,Guba to operate his organisation during a 3 0 - d a y absence ofH emin gwa y o n a go v er nm en t miss ion for-the H a v e l A tta che a lo n g the coas t_ . o. .G u ba . H emin gwa y stated that he new Duran well during the Spanish Civil ' ."wiar at-whichtimeboranwasacorpscosmandsrinthe flpen i sh Republ ican IArmy an d successfully defended th e V a l en c ia Iront aga i ns t the I r a n c of o rces until further res i s tance was m a d e impossible because o i theco l lapse of other fronts. Hemingway descr ibed Duran as a military an dintelligence gen ius of the type like H a p c l eo n that c o n e s along o nce in ahundred years. H e sa id that Duran , w h o ha d marr ied an Amer ican girl nlngland aiter th e Span ish war , spoke Trench , German, lnglish an d s o m e

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Ernest Hemingway FBI File Part 1

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