Date post: | 21-Oct-2014 |
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Education |
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What Knowledge Managementcan learn from
eScience & EducationKnowledge and the management of knowledge
Dr. L.A. Plugge
Competing and Collaborating for the Future
2
You have added much several ways.If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.
Written by Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke, 5 feb. 1676
Topics
• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research
• What is knowledge?
• What is Knowledge Management (not)?
• Academic knowledge strategy
• How ICT changes research and education
3
SURF
SURF is the higher education and research partnership organization for network services and information and communication technology (ICT).
SURF participants:
14 universities45 universities for professional education5 research institutions
SURF – innovation & services
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Scientific Technical Council (WTR)
• Independent Council of SURF
• 12 Council members (max)
• Appointed on personal merits
• Term 3 years (extension possible)
• Provides advice for SURF and its member
institutions, either on request or on its own
initiativewww.surf.nl/wtr
Innovation Method (1)
• Provide vision in 4-year Strategic Plan(Scientific Technical Council)
• Commitment of the institutions for HE.Membership fees
• Execute the Strategic Plan, Based on Policy Considerations of the Government
• Monitor and assess progress of innovation projects(Project Monitoring Committee)
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Innovation Method (2)
Technological
scouting
2 3 4 51
Services
develop-ment
Assessment
studies
Production
Marketing
Fasingout
Technologicaldevelopment
Clientneeds
Plan for TA Business case Business plan
Marketing plan PlanFasing out
service
Plantermination
service
Feedback
Life cycle phases
External Developments
InventoryClient needs
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Areas of competition and collaboration
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Edwards & PeppardCranfield School of Management
Common industry processes
Essential and unique to the organization type
Processes to outperform the
competition
Provide futureRequired competences
Strategic Plans of SURF since 1986
1986-1990 To a common network: SURFnet 1 - 9.6 Kbit/sec
1991-1994 Communication services, Software Licences
1995-1998 Innovation of administrative systems in institutions
1999-2002 Innovation in Education
2003-2006 Cooperation between institutions in administrative systems
2007-2010 Services Oriented Approach
2011-2014 (Cloud) infrastructure and services for education & research
1010
Topics
• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research
• What is knowledge?
• What is Knowledge Management (not)?
• Academic knowledge strategy
• How ICT changes research and education
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Mathieu Weggeman12
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In other words:
Knowledge is constructed and represented in our brain.
The question is
Can we represent knowledge
outside our brain?
Do documents contain knowledge?
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Paper Disk
Goal of knowledge representation
• Securing knowledge, outside humans
• Making it available to others
• Making knowledge less scarce
• Automate the creation of new knowledge
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Artificial Intelligenceand
knowledge representation
Knowledge representation in rule based expert systems
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Facts
RulesInferenceEngine
UserInterface
Searle’s Chinese room
Part 3 Part 421
The Paris Hilton Problem
IBM’s Watson The Match Day 1
Some limitations ofknowledge systems
• Knowledge is represented in symbols
• Procedurele knowledge is represented in rules
• Conceptual knowledge is represented data
• “Brittleness”
• “Halting” problem
• “Grounding” problem
• How to define the knowledge boundaries?
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Knowledge representation in Neural Networks
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Current ‘knowledge representation’ still lacks:
• (deep) Understanding
• Creativity
• Intuition
• Fascination
• Ingenuity / originality
• Creativity
• …
26
Explicit and Implicit knowledge
• Explicit knowledge
−Can be coded−Transferable−Copyable
• Implicit knowledge
−Transferable, in principle…
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Implicit knowledge:Students versus Expertsdiagnosing patients
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6
0
8 97
33
chaoticagressive
depressive
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13 72
chaoticagressive
depressive
Explicit - Implicit• Implicit knowledge is just as important as explicit
knowledge
• Transfer of implicit knowledge takes time and physical presence
Examples from learning:− to drive a car− to play a music instrument− how to perform open heart surgery− Bread baking machine…
29
Topics
• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research
• What is knowledge?
• What is Knowledge Management (not)?
• Academic knowledge strategy
• How ICT changes research and education
30
Knowledge managementis creating opportunitiesthrough strategies and practicesfor Knowledge Creationand Knowledge Transfer
Nonaka’s & Takeuchi’s Theory on Knowledge Creation, 1995
Knowledge exchange = Communication
SoundText
VideoVideo & Sound
What is the essence of
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Lascaux (13 000 v. C.)Library of Congress
Knowledge management process
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Create Capture Organise Access Use
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeApplication
Knowledge Sharing
Topics
• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research
• What is knowledge?
• What is Knowledge Management (not)?
• Academic knowledge strategy
• How ICT changes research and education
36
Academia and knowledgeAcademia
the community of students and scholars
engaged in higher education and research;
the cultural accumulation of knowledge,
its development and transmission.
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Tony Hey, Stewart Tansley, and Krist in Tolle, The fourth paradigm, 2009
Mathieu Weggeman39
Academic knowledge transfer (1)
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HypothesisMethodResults
Conclusions submitpublisher
revise
Scientificworld
Research group / Individual Reviewers
producejudge
publish
Lineair view of scholarly communication
Tony Hey, Stewart Tansley, and Krist in Tolle, The fourth paradigm, 2009
Back to the e-Science Paradigm
Topics
• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research
• What is knowledge?
• What is Knowledge Management (not)?
• Academic knowledge strategy
• How ICT changes research and education
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X-informatics & computational Xdata intensive science
25-50% of the experimental budgets are for SOFTWARE
What is e-Science about?
e-Science is not a new scientific discipline but a new method of knowledge development and exchange
e-Science is a the set of tools and technologies required to support collaborative, networked science.
e-Science is about the multidisciplinary analysis of data
e-Science is infrastructure to empower scientists to do their research in faster, better and different ways
(Based on Hey 2006)46
eScience is facilitated by merging technologies
GT: grid technologyOGSA: open grid services architectureWSDL: web service definition languageWSDM: web services distribution management
Bob Hertzberger
47
Technology facilitates a knowledge driven research infrastructure
48
The network
49
Netherlands e-Science Center
50
Providing the opportunity to share and reuse
Bob Hertzberger 51
Sharing, using and contributing to infrastructure
Bob Hertzberger
52
Development of new technologyM
atu
rity
Hans Dijkman
53
Effects of GigaPort NG Network innovation
Generic ICT-application
services
ICT-applications
Research Pilots Market
Networkinfrastructure GigaPort Next Generation
Network ProjectEffects telecommarket
Effe
cts
on
res
ea
rch
Inn
ova
tion
effe
cts
Primairy effects GigaPort
Secundairy effects GigaPort
Appliedinnovation
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Effects on consumer IT:the industrialization of IT
Ground floor: 56 containersOne container: 1800 to 2500 servers>100.000 servers
Microsoft Data Center Chicago
Google Data Center Eemshaven
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Levels of IT services
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f.e. 1423 Repositories worldwide holding over >20.9 Million items
Repository66.org Repository Maps
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…and an increasing number of Services…
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… provided by suppliers in the cloud.
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The Internet has become a nervous system connecting and augmenting our brains…
60
Scientific & Educational methods can help Knowledge Management to create opportunities to use and expand our knowledge.