ESD REPORTING

Presentation to ESD Workshops

Dr Rick Fletcher

OUTLINE OF TALK

• Why are we doing this?

• Brief Overall Description of National ESD Reporting Framework

• Details of each of the 4 steps

• Aquaculture

• Cross Fishery and Regional Planning

NSESD (1992)“using, conserving and enhancing the

community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased”

Incorporates the 5 major issues of interest:Target Species, Ecosystem, Social, Economic and

Governance

What is ESD?

Why Not Just Environment??• Natural resource management needs more than

just having minimum standards for affected populations

• The activity MUST produce some social or economic benefit or it is vandalism

• Depending upon societal values - acceptable impacts can be from “not to be harvested” (e.g. dolphins) to “fully exploit” (e.g. prawns).

• To effectively manage a fishery (and meet ESD Principles) requires integration of environmental, social and economic factors.

Issues and Needs• Fisheries Legislative Requirements (all have ESD in

their Acts in some form)• Other Government Requirements e.g. EPBC (Used to

be Schedule 4). Various state-based agencies want environment issues addressed (EPA, Councils etc).

• Market Leverage/Access Marine Stewardship Council • Develop one reporting process that gathers the

information to meets most of these needs• Urgent need to respond to the EPBC requirements to

enable exports past 2003

ESD Measurement and Reporting

• Many previous attempts have failed

• One size does not fit all

• Requires a process to systematically identify issues,

develop operational objectives and then work out what

indicators need to be measured.

• The objectives and acceptable range needs to be

developed with all stakeholders

• Level of information presented needs to be appropriate to

the issue

Why Have a Framework?• Having a framework is NOT an alternative for

undertaking other necessary actions

• It puts all actions and issues into context

• Without a framework it is too easy to conduct

unnecessary work and/or miss working on the real

issues

• Helps determine what actions should be

undertaken

• Should maximise their benefits

National ESD Framework

• Began in March 2000 (after Geelong ESD

Conference)

• Project has used a stakeholder reference

group to provide ongoing advice

• An ESD reporting framework for wild

capture was refined through 8 case studies

& 2 workshops

National ESD Framework

• From this a “HOW TO GUIDE” was written

to “operationalise” ESD for fisheries

How does the National ESD Process Work? - Part 1

Identify specific issues for

each fishery by adapting the

set of generic component

trees in a workshop fashion

N a tio n a l E S D R E P O R T IN G F R A M E W O R K

R e ta in ed

N o n R e ta in ed

G e ne ra lE co sys tem

E co lo g ica lA sse ssm e n ts

In d ig e no us

C o m m u n ity

N a tio n a l

S o c io -E o n o m ic W ellb e ingA sse ssm e n ts

G o ve rna n ce

Im pa ct o fE n v iro n m e nt

A b ility to A ch ie veA sse ssm e n ts

F ish e ry

Separates ESD into 8 main components across 3 categories

Target Species

By catch and protected speciesHabitat impacts

Trophic Changes

Socio economic at 3 different levels

Administration

External impacts both Natural and human induced

G en eric Tree

P rim ary S p ec ies S econ d ary S p ec ies B y-P rod u c t

R eta in ed S p ec ies

S p ec ific Tree

C oas ta l A b roh los

R ock L ob s te r

O c top u s S ca le fishS h arks

D eep S eaC rab s

B y-P rod u c t

R E TA IN E D S P E C IE S

Why use generic component trees?

• Likely issues identified were developed into a generic

tree for each component of ESD

• These generic trees are used as the starting point for all

assessments

• Enhances consistency of approach

• Requires specification of what are NOT issues as much

as determining what are issues.

• Minimises ‘missing issues’ at first pass

FIRST TASK

• AGREE ON THE COMPONENT TREE

STRUCTURE FOR THESE FISHERIES

• YOU CAN ADD ANY ISSUE YOU THINK

HAS NOT BEEN INCLUDED

• WE DO NOT DEBATE THEIR PRIORITY -

THIS IS DONE IN THE NEXT STAGE

How does the process work?Part 2

• Often many issues are identified, their importance varies and not all will require full reports and explicit management

• Conduct a Risk Assessment on each of the identified issues to determine appropriate level of response –again in a workshop environment

RISK ASSESSMENT

Likelihood

Negligible Minor Moderate Severe Major Catastrophic

0 1 2 3 4 5

Remote 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Rare 2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Unlikely 3 0 3 6 9 12 15

Possible 4 0 4 8 12 16 20

Occasional 5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Likely 6 0 6 12 18 24 30

Consequence

We have developed five consequence tables specific to

assessing issues related to fisheries

RISK ASSESSMENT

R ep ort Ju s tifica tionC u rren t S ta tu s

O n ly

L ow R isk /P rio rity

D eve lop O b jec tivesIn d ica to rs

P erfo rm an ce lim its e tcR ep ort on cu rren t P erfom an ce

> L ow R isk /P rio rity

R isk A ssessm en t

C om p on en tTrees

(issu es id en tified )

NO DIRECT MANAGEMENT NEEDED

DIRECT MANAGEMENT IS NEEDED

Reporting Process Part 3Complete Suitably Detailed Reports on Each Issue

• Can you justify that your management actions (or in inactions) are appropriate given the level of risk and the current level of knowledge available?

• Is your current performance acceptable given the levels chosen?

PART 3 - Reporting • Rationale for inclusion (risk rating)• Operational Objectives (+Justification)• Indicator• Performance Measure (+Justification)• Data Requirements• Data Availability• Evaluation• Evaluation Reliability• Management Response (Current, Future and if Trigger is

reached)• Summary of Actions and Conclusions• External Drivers

THESE THREE ARE A PACKAGE

What specifically for this issue for this fishery do you want

to achieve and WHY?

These need to link directlyto the objectives

n

How does the process work?Part 4

Complete Application using information in Component Reports

Summary of ESD Framework

R eport onJustif ication of R isk

R ating

Low R isk /P riority

D evelop O bjectivesIndicators

P erform ance lim itsR eport C u rren t S tatus

> Low R isk /P riority

P R IO R ITIS A TIO N(R isk A ssessm en t)

ID E N TIF Y IS S U E S(M odify E igh t E S DC om ponen t Trees)

Plus General

Background Information

= ESD

STATUS REPORT

Audits

Other Stakeholders

Government

Specific Reports

Comparison to other Models

Process Reporting Unit Questions Being Asked

SCFA Fishery Activity (whereever it impacts)

Montreal Forest All activities in theHabitat

SOE Nation/Region Environmentalchange at a

Location(no benchmarks

to assess performance)

DETAILS ON COMPONENT TREES

Wild Capture

N A TIO N A L E S D R E P O R TIN G F R A M E W O R K

R eta in ed

N on R eta in ed

G en era lE cosys tem

E co log ica lA ssessm en ts

In d ig en ou s

C om m u n ity

N ation a l

S oc ia l W e llb e in gA ssessm en ts

G overn an ce

Im p ac t o fE n viron m en t

A b ility to A ch ieveA ssessm en ts

F ish ery

Retained Species

DistributionAbundanceStructureDiscards

Stock 1 Stock 2 etc.(as for stock 1)

Species 1 Species 2 etc.(as for species 1)

Prim ary Species

Species or species group(as for prim ary species)

By-Product Species

Retained Species

At some stage these SPECIES are wanted by some or all of the fishery - ie you do want to catch some

Revised Rock Lobster Tree

C o a s ta l

A b roh los

R o ck Lo b s te r

O c top us

S ca le fishS h a rks

D e ep S eaC ra b s

B y-P ro d u ct

R E T A IN E D S P E C IE S

E A S T C O A S T TU N A

A b u n d an ce(exp lo itab le /sp aw in g e tc )

S ou th ern N orth ern

Y e llow fin Tu n a

B ig E ye Tu n a

B road b illS word fish

S trip ed M arlin

S k ip Jack Tu n a

P rim ary S p ec ies

O th er Tu n a

S B T? ? ?

O th er F in fish

S h arks

B y-P rod u c t S p ec ies

R eta in ed S p ec ies

THREE BASIC CATEGORIES

Target/Major ByProduct

1. Species by itself

Minor Byproduct

2. Species is mostly taken in another fishery, that fishery will deal with the species explicitly and comprehensively

3. Other – nobody, including this fishery takes a significant (relevant to the stock) amount

Non-Retained

Th rea ten ed S p ec ies O th er

C ap tu re D irec t D am ag e b u t n o C ap tu re

N on -R eta in ed S p ec ies

These SPECIES are NEVER wanted to be caught - if possible eradicate all from catch

Non-RetainedRock Lobster

S ea lion s

P ro tec ted S p ec ies

M oray E e ls

O th er

C ap tu redin p o ts

L ea th erb ack Tu rtles

Tu rtles

W h a les /D o lp h in s

M an ta R ays

D irec t im p ac tb u t n o t cap tu red b y P o ts

N on -R eta in ed S p ec ies

THREE BASIC CATEGORIES

Major Non – Retained

1. Species by itself

Protected/Threatened

1. Species by itself

Minor Non-retained (group)

2. Group (minor - determined by a risk assessment for each species)

Bait collection

Fishing (all rem ovals)(eg trophic levels)

Ghost fishing

Benthic Biota

rem oval of/dam age toorganisms

Stock enhancem ent

Discarding/Provisioning

Translocation

addition/movem entof biological m aterial

Im pacts on the biological comm unitythrough

Fuel usage/Exhaust

Greenhouse gas em issions

Air quality

Debris

O il discharge

W ater quality

Above low w ater m ark

Substrate quality

Other

General Ecosystem

Indirect Environmental issues

Rock Lobster Environmental issues

F ish in g(eg trop h ic im p ac ts )

G h os t fish in g

P h ys ica l Im p ac t on C ora l

O th er B en th ic Typ es

B en th ic b io ta

rem ova l o f/d am ag e toorg an ism s

D isease

E cosys tem

B ait(in c lu d in g im p orted b a it

is su es )

ad d it ion /m ovem en to f b io log ica l m ate ria l

Im p ac ts on th e b io log ica l com m u n ityth rou g h

A ir q u a lity

D eb ris

W ater q u a lity

A b roh los Is lan d sC am p s

A b ove low w ate r m ark

S u b s tra te q u a lity

B ird In te rac tion

O th er

G en era l E cosys tem

Indigenous Issues

E con om icV a lu e

E m p loym en t S oc ia l C ap ita l

P os /N egF ee lin g s

Trad it ion a lF ish in g

A ccess toL an d s

O th er

C u ltu ra lV a lu es

In d ig en ou s C om m u n ity W e llb e in g

It was thought that there should be an explicit discussion on the impacts on indigenous groups

C on trib u tion o f th e F ish ery/In d u s try to :

E con om ic b en efits

L ifes tyle

In d u s tryS tru c tu re

fish ery/in d u s try

In d u s try C om m u n ity(ie th e p eop le d irec tly em p loyed an d fam ilies )

R esou rceD ep en d en cy(E m p loym en tE con om ics )

soc ia l cap ita l

o th er va lu es(p os it ive /n eg ative

fee lin g s )

C om m u n ity A C om m u n ity B

D ep en d en t/sen s it ive com m u n ities

o th er va lu es(p os it ive /n eg ative

fee lin g s )

C om m u n ity A C om m u n ity B e tc

L ess d ep en d en t/sen s it ive com m u n ities

L oca l/reg ion a l C om m u n ities(as re levan t to p articu la r fish ery)

C om m u n ity W ellb e in g

The types of communities range from the industry itself to small dependent communities to those that are not dependent

COMMUNITY WELLBEING

n e t econ om ic re tu rn

E con om ic

S eafood C on su m p tion

S eafood Q u a lity

H ea lth B en e fits /R isks

E m p loym en t

Im p ort rep lacem en t

E xis ten ce va lu es

C on trib u tion to cu ltu ra l va lu es

A ttitu d es to fish ery

D is trib u tion o f B en e fits

S oc ia l

N a tion a l S oc io -E con om ic W e ll-b e in g

NATIONAL WELLBEING

The broadest community addressed is at the national level

Governance

Effectiveness

Plans

Com pliance

Inform ation

Inter-AgencyCOoperation

Allocation

M anagem ent

access rights

OCS arrangem ents

Other Law s

Legal Fram ew ork

Partic ipation(incl M ACs)

Com m unication

Consultation

Review s and Audit

Reporting

M anagem entAgency

proactive policy

Econom icInstrum ents

Policy capabilities

Governm ent

codes of conduct

participation

seafood health

peak bodies

Industry

w atchdog role

representativeness(proven constituency)

others (NG Os etc)

Governance

These components address whether there are the appropriate mechanisms to actually achieve the objectives listed in the previous 7 trees.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To have acceptable levels of governance

Is the management plan being effective? Is Catch or Effort remaining within acceptable limits

Does the management plan have the 10 key elements?

Is there effective compliance?

Is there effective consultation and reporting?

ESD Assessment Tools

One of the initiatives of the ESD subprogram is the compilation of information on each of the major fisheries into an Assessment Manual to assist in the development of ESD reports and their assessment.

Assessment Headings

1.  VULNERABILITY TO FISHING

2.  BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS• Spawning Biomass• Lowest Level Reached• Max. Exploitation Rate 3. ECONOMIC REFERENCE POINTS• MSY/MEY

Assessment Headings

4.   INDICATORS OF ABUNDANCE(Robustness)• Catch• Catch Rate• Independent Survey• Current Stock Size (Models)• Probability of meeting “target”• Mean Size• Recruit. Surveys

Assessment Headings 5.  MANAGEMENT RESPONSES(Effectiveness of tools)• Size Limits • Reproductive • Closures• Effort• Output 6. ECOSYSTEM• Impacts on Prey• Impacts on Predators

Assessment Manual

INDIVIDUAL FISHERY REPORTS

Method Overall General Bycatch

Listed Species

Ghost Fishing

Benthic Effects

Discards/ Prov.

Hand gathered

LOW Nil NIL NIL NIL NEGL.

Line LOW LOW LOW NIL LOW LOW

Potting/ Trapping

LOW LOW LOW- MOD

MOD-HIGH

LOW- MOD NEGL.

Haul Nets LOW – MOD

MOD LOW NEGL. LOW -MOD LOW

Purse Seine

LOW – MOD

LOW LOW –HIGH

NEGL. NEGL. LOW

Longlines LOW-MOD

LOW LOW-HIGH LOW NEGL. NEGL.

Demersal Gillnets

LOW MOD MOD LOW - MOD NEGL. LOW

Prawn Trawl

MOD- HIGH

MOD –HIGH

LOW – HIGH

NIL MOD- HIGH MOD

Fish trawl HIGH MOD –HIGH

LOW –HIGH

NIL HIGH LOW -MOD

Dredge HIGH MOD LOW-MOD NIL HIGH HIGH