eSiePath – An Application for Analysis of Whole-Slide Images Viraj Ghorpade, Urmila Airsang and Srividya T.R.
Siemens Technology & Services Private Limited, Bangalore, India
The not-so easy path to eSiePath
In the beginning…
Manual Microscopy
Tedious
Error-Prone
Size of the sample
20mmX15mm to 50mmX25mm
Typical optical resolutions at which
the image is digitized
20x - 0.5 micrometers/pixel (mpp)
40x - 0.25 micrometers/pixel (mpp)
100x - 0.1 micrometers/pixel (mpp)
Average image size: Sample of
20x15mm2 at 40x:(20mm / 0.25
μm/pix) * (15mm / 0.25 μm/pix) =
Image size 80,000 x 60,000 pixels =
4.8 Gpix.
Quantized at 24 bpp (RGB) = 4.8 Gpix
* 3 bpp=> 15 GB !!
WSI size can vary from several GBs
to TBs with current technology!!
A while later still…
Whole Slide Imaging
(WSI) [2]
Multi-resolution capture
Mostly have minimal multi-resolution
analysis capability
Proprietary non-interchangeable storage
Vendor dependent data access mechanisms
A little while later…
Digital Microscopy [1]
Digital images
No multi-resolution capture
Non-standard storage
Mostly manual analysis
Enter..
DICOM 145 Supplement
Whole Slide Imaging Introduced to specify standards for efficient
storage, retrieval and processing of WSIs [3]
So, how can we load and analyze such WSIs?
By leveraging the pyramidal and tiled
organization of these images
Tiled organization Logical organization of tiled images
proposed in DICOM – 145 supplement
Now…
eSiePath
eSieLoading
Only loads tiles in ROI for visualization / analysis:
Irrespective of the size, of the WSI image loading is
lightning-fast.
eSiePanning
Intelligent caching:
Facilitates minimal fetches
eSieZooming
TileIDs based correspondence
matching across resolutions:
Facilitates minimal tile searching
eSieAnalysis
Analysis algorithms operate at
the highest resolution:
Sliding analysis enables the analysis
of structures across tile boundaries
Acute
Myeloid
Leukemia
Analysis [4] Reticulocyte
Marking & Counting [5]
eSieAnalysis Algorithms
Next…
eSiePath-Remote
[1] Digital Microscope, http://www.china-microscope.com
[2] Whole Slide Imaging, www.aperio.com
[3] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
Supplement 145: Whole Slide Microscopic Image IOD and SOP Classes
[4] Viraj Ghorpade, Urmila Airsang and Srividya TR . Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Detection in Bone
Marrow Aspiration Images. MedImage Conference, 2012.
[5] Urmila Airsang, Viraj Ghorpade and Srividya TR. Counting and Marking Reticulocytes in Blood
Smear Images using Image Processing Operations. MedImage Conference, 2012.
REFERENCES
The Cloud is the Limit.
Or is it?