Esquizofreniay otros trastornos

psicóticos

Symptoms.

For a material part of at least one month (or less, if effectively treated) the patient has had 2 or more of:

-Delusions (only one symptom is required if a delusion is bizarre, such as being abducted in a space ship from the sun)-Hallucinations (only one symptom is required if hallucinations are of at least two voices talking to one another or of a voice that keeps up a running commentary on the patient's thoughts or actions)-Speech that shows incoherence, derailment or other disorganization-Severely disorganized or catatonic behavior-Any negative symptom such as flat affect, reduced speech or lack of volition

Criterios básicos

Duration.

For at least 6 continuous months the patient has shown some evidence of the disorder.

At least one month must include the symptoms of frank psychosis mentioned above.

During the balance of this time (either as a prodrome or residual of the illness), the patient must show either or both-Negative symptoms as mentioned above-In attenuated form, at least 2 of the other symptoms mentioned above (example: deteriorating personal hygiene plus an increasing suspicion that people are talking behind one's back)

  Dysfunction.

For much of this time, the disorder has materially impaired the patient's ability to work, study, socialize or provide self-care.

 Mood exclusions.

Mood and schizoaffective disorders have been ruled out, because the duration of any depressive or manic episodes that have occurred during the psychotic phase has been brief.

 Other exclusions. This disorder is not directly caused by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications.

 Developmental Disorder exclusion. If the patient has a history of any Pervasive Developmental Disorder (such as Autistic Disorder), only diagnose Schizophrenia if prominent hallucinations or delusions are also present for a month or more (less, if treated).

Tipo paranoide

The patient meets the basic criteria for Schizophrenia. The patient is preoccupied with delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. None of these symptoms is prominent:

Disorganized speechDisorganized behaviorInappropriate or flat affectCatatonic behavior

Tipo desorganizado

The patient meets the basic criteria for Schizophrenia All of these symptoms are prominent:

disorganized behaviordisorganized speechaffect that is flat or inappropriate

The patient does not fulfill criteria for Catatonic Schizophrenia

Tipo catatónico

The patient meets the basic criteria for Schizophrenia. At least 2 catatonic symptoms predominate:

-Stupor or motor immobility (catalepsy or waxy flexibility)

-Hyperactivity that has no apparent purpose and is not influenced by external stimuli

-Mutism or marked negativism-Peculiar behavior such as posturing, -Echolalia

stereotypies, mannerisms or grimacing or echopraxia

Tipo indiferenciado

The patient meets the basic criteria for Schizophrenia The patient does not meet criteria for Paranoid, Disorganized, or Catatonic types.

Tipo residualThe patient at one time met criteria for Catatonic, Disorganized, Paranoid or Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. The patient no longer has pronounced catatonic behavior, delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech or behavior. The patient is still ill, as indicated by either:-negative symptoms such as flattened affect, reduced speech output or lack of volition, or-an attenuated form of at least 2 characteristic (related symptoms of schizophrenia, such as odd beliefs to delusions), distorted perceptions or illusions (hallucinations), odd speech (disorganized speech) or peculiarities of behavior (disorganized behavior).

Trastorno esquizofreniforme

For a material part of at least one month (or less, if effectively treated) the patient has had 2 or more of:-Delusions (only one symptom is required if a delusion is bizarre, such as being abducted in a space ship from the sun)-Hallucinations (only one symptom is required if hallucinations are of at least two voices talking to one another or of a voice that keeps up a running commentary on the patient's ---of thoughts or actions)Speech that shows incoherence, derailment or other disorganizationSeverely disorganized or catatonic behaviorAny negative symptom such as flat affect, muteness, lack of volition

Trastorno esquizofreniforme. Continue.

Including prodromal, active and residual phases, an episode of the illness has than lasted at least one month but not longer 6 months. Mood and schizoaffective disorders have been ruled out, because the duration of any depressive or manic episodes that have occurred during the psychotic phase has been brief. This disorder is not the direct physiological result of a general medical - condition or the use substances, including prescription medications.

Trastorno esquizoafectivoDuring a continuous period of illness, for a material part of at least one month (or less, if effectively treated) the patient has had 2 or more of the following symptoms:-Delusions (only one symptom is required if a delusion is bizarre, such as being abducted in a space ship from the sun)-Hallucinations (only one symptom is required if hallucinations include at least two voices are talking to one another or of a voice that keeps up a running commentary on the patient's thoughts or actions)-Speech that shows incoherence, derailment or other disorganization-Severely disorganized or catatonic behaviorAny negative symptom such as flat affect, muteness, lack of volition

Trastorno esquizoafectivo. Continue.

During this same continuous period of illness the patient has either-A major depressive episode that includes depressed mood, or-A manic episodeFor at least 2 weeks of this period there have been delusions or hallucinations and no prominent mood symptoms. The mood episode symptoms have been present during a substantial part of the active and residual portions of the illness This disorder is not caused directly by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications.

Trastorno deliranteFor at least 1 month the patient has had delusions that are nonbizarre (the content is something that could reasonably happen). These may be:- Erotomanic Type. Someone (often of higher social station) is in love with the patient.- Grandiose Type. The patient has exaggerated ideas of identity, knowledge, power, self-worth, talent or special relationship to God or someone famous- Jealous Type. The patient's spouse or lover has been unfaithful.- Persecutory Type. The patient (or a close associate) is in some way being intentionally cheated, drugged, followed, slandered or otherwise mistreated.- Somatic Type. The patient notes physical sensations or bodily dysfunctions (foul odors, insects crawling on or under skin) that imply a general medical condition or physical defect.- Mixed Type. The patient has two or more of the above themes in about equal portions.- Unspecified Type.

Trastorno delirante. Continue.

- The patient has never met the "A" present criterion for Schizophrenia, except that hallucinations of touch or smell may be if they are related to the theme of the delusions. - Functioning and behavior are not markedly affected, apart from direct consequences of the delusions. - The duration of any mood symptoms accompanying delusions as been brief as compared to the duration of delusions. - This disorder is not directly caused by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications.

Trastorno psicótico breveThe patient has at least one of the following that is not a culturally sanctioned response:-Delusions-Hallucinations-Speech that is markedly disorganizedBehavior that is markedly disorganized or catatonic The patient has symptoms from 1 to 30 a days and eventually recovers completely. The symptoms are not due to a Mood Disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder. This disorder is not directly caused by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications.

Trastorno psicótico compartido (folié a deux)

Someone who is closely associated with a delusional person also develops a delusion. The content of this new delusion is similar to that of the first person's delusion. The disorder is not explained better by another psychotic disorder, such as Schizophrenia or Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features. This disorder is not directly caused by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications.

Trastorno psicótico inducido por sustancias

The patient has prominent hallucinations or delusions. Don't include hallucinations that the patient realizes are caused by substance use. History, physical exam or laboratory data substantiate that either:-These symptoms have developed within a month of Substance Intoxication or Withdrawal, or -Medication use has caused the symptoms Another, non-substance-induced psychotic disorder does not better account for the symptoms.The symptoms don't occur only in the context of a delirium.