ESRM 250/CFR 520Winter 2010Phil Hurvitz
(with thanks to J. Lawler & P. Schiess)
Introduction to GIS and ArcGIS
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
How a GIS works
Introduction to ArcGIS
The ArcGIS Interface
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Introduction to GIS and ArcGIS
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
A GIS integrates five basic components
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people
software
hardware
methods
data
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Vector formats(“feature classes”)
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Data: types of data sets
Points
Lines (”arcs”)
Polygons
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Defined by “connected” pairs of XY coordinates
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Lines
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12
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x
y
(-1, 3)
(3, 2)
(5, 8)
(10, 13)
x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
0 5 10 15
24
68
10
12
14
x
y
(-1, 3)
(3, 2)
(5, 8)
(10, 13)
Defined by single pairs of XY coordinates
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Points
x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
0 5 10 15
24
68
10
12
14
x
y
(-1, 3)
(3, 2)
(5, 8)
(10, 13)
Defined by closed loops of XY coordinates
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Polygons
x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13-1 3
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Raster formats Matrices of square
cells (grids, pixels)
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Data: types of data sets
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Attribute tables: tables of data describing
spatial features
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Data: types of data sets
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
A GIS can Capture Store Query Analyze Display, and Output
geographic data
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Basic GIS Functions
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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Capturing data
Paper mapsDigital images
GPS outputCoordinate lists
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Selecting specific features Where is parcel #2945?
Selecting featuresbased on certainconditions
Find all trees with DBH > 20 cm9 of 48
Queries
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Proximity: how close are features Which roads are within a 100 ft from a stream?
Overlay: combines the features of two or more layers to create a new layer (intersections, unions…)
What length of road is in mature forest?
Network: examines how linear features are connected
What is the flow length from a location on the Cascade crest to the mouth of the Columbia River?
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Analysis
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Graphically constructed process models
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Analysis
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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Analysis
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Maps
Graphs
Reports/Tables
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Output
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
3D views
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Output: mapping
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Detailed topographicmaps
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Output: mapping
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Hardcopy Paper map Poster
Softcopy Image (JPEG, PNG, GIF) to:
Web site Document
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Output: output types
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Graphical display of quantitative information
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Output: graphs
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Tabular output for statistical analysis
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Output: tables
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
How a GIS works
Introduction to ArcGIS
The ArcGIS Interface
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Introduction to GIS and ArcGIS
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
A complex and scalable software application environment
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What is ArcGIS?
ArcGIS Desktop
EXTENSIONS
ArcGIS Engine
ArcObjectsArcObjects
RDBMS
ArcSDEArcSDE
ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server ArcIMSArcIMS
EXTENSIONS
Network
ArcReaderArcReader ArcViewArcView
ArcInfoArcInfo
ArcEditorArcEditor
CustomApplication
CustomApplication
ArcPadArcPad WebBrowser
WebBrowser
ArcGIS Clients
Application/Data Servers
Components
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcGIS increasing functionality atdifferent run levels (cost)
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ArcGIS Desktop Products
ArcViewArcView
ArcInfoArcInfo
ArcEditorArcEditor
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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The history of ESRI products
ArcInfo ArcView 3.x ArcGIS
ArcViewArcEditor
ArcInfoPIOS
1980s1980s 2000+1980s
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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ArcGIS Desktop products share common applications
ArcViewArcView
ArcInfoArcInfo
ArcEditorArcEditor
ArcMap-displaying data
ArcCatalog-managing data
ArcToolbox-analyzing data
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
GUI (Graphic User Interface)
Desktop Use
Customization & Programming
Extensions to Increase Functionality
Scalability
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What is special about ArcGIS GIS?
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcGIS uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI).Instead of typed commands, menus, buttons, and tools are used.Provides access to most controls, functionality, and operations
Each document type in ArcGIS has its own GUI controls.
Beware: The ArcGIS GUI is complicated and many-layered. There is no command-line control; all automation
must be scripted.
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GUI
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Unlike most major GIS software of the past, ArcGIS will run on a desktop computer.
Desktop computers (PCs) are: cheap easy to administer common (fairly) easy to use
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Desktop Use
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Many functions are not available from the GUI
Custom functions and operations can be created with various programming languages
Repetitive tasks can be automatedNew functions and operations can be added
to the GUI menus, buttons, and toolsEntire new applications can be developedBeware: Scripting is not easy to learn
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Customization & Programming
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Functionality not included in the core ArcGIS product can increase productivity
Some extensions are built-in, but just need to be enabled
Other extensions are available for free (web); some are available for sale
We will be using several extensions during the course
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Extensions to Increase Functionality
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
The ArcGIS suite contains Desktop application
(we will be using this quarter) Data server application (ArcSDE) Application servers (ArcGIS Server) Internet mapping servers
(ArcIMS)
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Scalability
ArcObjectsArcObjects
RDBMS
ArcSDEArcSDEArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server
ArcIMSArcIMS
Network
ArcReaderArcReader ArcViewArcView
ArcInfoArcInfo
ArcEditorArcEditor
CustomApplication
CustomApplication
ArcPadArcPad WebBrowser
WebBrowser
ArcGIS Desktop
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
How a GIS works
Introduction to ArcGIS
The ArcGIS Interface
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Introduction to GIS and ArcGIS
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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The ArcGIS Interface: starting ArcGIS applications
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcMap – viewing, editing, processing…..
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The ArcGIS Interface: ArcGIS applications
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcCatalog – Data Management
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The ArcGIS Interface: ArcGIS applications
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcMap: viewing data
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The ArcGIS Interface: ArcGIS applications
table of contents
map display
data frame
layer
scale
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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Toolbars
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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Adding Toolbars
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
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The ArcCatalog Interface
GUI
catalog tree
data source folders
feature class data sources
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Contents mode
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The ArcCatalog Interface
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Preview geography mode
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The ArcCatalog Interface
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Preview table mode
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The ArcCatalog Interface
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Metadata mode
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The ArcCatalog Interface
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Most geoprocessing tasks are accessed through ArcToolbox
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ArcToolbox & Geoprocessing
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
ArcToolboxcan be “docked”in ArcMapor ArcCatalog
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ArcToolbox & Geoprocessing
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Geoprocessing tasks can also be performed using the command line
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ArcToolbox & Geoprocessing
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Application for viewing data in 3 dimensions in “real time”
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ArcGIS Applications: ArcScene
ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010
Application for viewing global data in 3 dimensions in “real time
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ArcGIS Applications: ArcGlobe