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ESS 7 ESS 7 An Introduction to Space An Introduction to Space Weather Weather Fall, Fall, 2010 2010 Raymond J. Walker Raymond J. Walker
ESS 7ESS 7
An Introduction to Space An Introduction to Space WeatherWeather
Fall, Fall, 20102010
Raymond J. WalkerRaymond J. Walker
What is Science?
• Not a collection of facts!
• A way of thinking critically and quantitatively to solve problems!
• An important skill no matter what your path • An important skill no matter what your path in life.
• Mathematics is the language of science.
• We will learn about science by examining how the environment of space effects the Earth and therefore us.
What are the Goals of ESS 7?
• Introduce you the exciting field of space weather.
• Develop and hone skills in
– Critical thinking– Critical thinking
– Problem solving
– Technical communication
• Learn and develop scientific thinking skills.
Class Information• Professor Ray Walker
– 6843 Slichter Hall
• Office Hours: MWF at after class -11:30AM or by appointment.11:30AM or by appointment.
Class Information Continued• Text book
– “An Introduction to Space Weather” by Mark Moldwin
• Lecture notes –http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/lucid/lessons/ess7_2010_fall/Lessons.htm 2010_fall/Lessons.htm
• Grading:
– Homework 25%
• Due one week after assigned
• Late homework worth 50%
– Two midterms 20% each
– Final 35%
What is Space Weather?“Space weather” refers to conditions on the Sun and in the
solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and
thermosphere that can influence the performance and
reliability of space-borne and ground-based
technological systems and can endanger human life or
health. Adverse conditions in the space environment can health. Adverse conditions in the space environment can
cause disruptions of satellite operations,
communications, navigation, and electric power
distribution grids, leading to a variety of socioeconomic
losses.”
National Space Weather Program Strategic Plan, 1995
Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research.
Why Bother?• Space physics started as curiosity driven
science - to explore the ionosphere, magnetosphere, Sun and heliosphere.
• In the 1970’s, 1980’s and 1990’s we started to use the regions above the started to use the regions above the neutral atmosphere – communications, weather forecasting, navigation etc.
• As early as the 1960’s humans began to go into space.
Space Effects on Technology
NRCan – Government of Canada
$ 6 0
$ 8 0
$ 1 0 0
$ 1 2 0R
even
ue (
in b
illio
ns)
World Satellite Industry RevenuesWorld Satellite Industry Revenues
$49.1$55.0
$60.4
$73.1
$78.6$86.1
$91.1
$97.2
$ 0
$ 2 0
$ 4 0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Reven
ue (
in b
illio
ns)
Rate of change 29.3% 12.1% 9.7% 21.1% 7.5% 9.6% 5.8% 6.7%
$38.0
$49.1
Source: Satellite Industry Association
$ 6 0
$ 8 0
$ 1 0 0
$ 1 2 0R
even
ue (
in b
illio
ns)
World Satellite Industry RevenuesWorld Satellite Industry Revenues
$49.1$55.0
$60.4
$73.1
$78.6$86.1
$91.1
$97.2
In 2009 it reached $160.9 billion!
$ 0
$ 2 0
$ 4 0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Reven
ue (
in b
illio
ns)
Rate of change 29.3% 12.1% 9.7% 21.1% 7.5% 9.6% 5.8% 6.7%
$38.0
$49.1
Source: Satellite Industry Association
In 2009 it reached $160.9 billion!
$30.0
$40.0
$50.0
$60.0
$70.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
in B
illio
ns
)
FSS MSS DBS
World Satellite Services RevenueWorld Satellite Services Revenue
$29.7
$38.6
$46.5$49.1
$56.0
$60.9
$0.0
$10.0
$20.0
$30.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Re
ve
nu
e (
in B
illio
ns
)
FSS=VSAT services, remote sensing, and transponder leasing MSS=Mobile telephone and mobile dataDBS/DARS=DTH TV, DARS, and Broadband
$15.8
$21.1$ 24.4
$29.7
FSS 6.1$ 6.8$ 7.3$ 8.6$ 9.2$ 8.9$ 8.7$ 9.7$ 9.4$
MSS 0.7$ 0.8$ 1.0$ 1.3$ 1.5$ 1.4$ 1.3$ 1.7$ 2.0$
DBS 9.0$ 13.5$ 16.1$ 19.8$ 27.9$ 36.2$ 39.1$ 44.7$ 49.5$
Source: Satellite Industry AssociationDTH-stars
The Example of Galaxy IV?• Space is a very hostile environment.
• In the 1990’s the commercial satellite industry boomed – by 2004 making, launching and using the satellites was a $160X109 per year business.$160X109 per year business.
• Galaxy IV was an operating and profitable communications satellite.
– 90% of pager traffic
– Several broadcast networks – NPR (radio), CBS (television)
May 19, 1998
• Galaxy IV failed.
• It had been in an intense radiation environment for weeks due to a series of magnetic storms.magnetic storms.
• It was killed by radiation effects related to the storms.
A More Down to Earth ExampleArea affected by black out.
Where Disturbances Occurred
NCAR Windows to the Universe
SyllabusDate Lecture Assignment
9/24 Introduction to Space Weather Read Chapter 1
9/27 History Read Chapter 2 – HW 1
9/29 The Sun
10/1 The Sun
10/4 The Sun Read Chapter 3 – HW 2
10/6 The Heliosphere
10/8 The Heliosphere
10/11 The Heliosphere Read Chapter 4 - HW 3
10/13 Bow Shock and Magnetosheath
10/15 Review for First Exam
Syllabus
Date Lecture Assignment
10/18 Magnetosphere
10/20 First Exam
10/22 Magnetosphere
10/25 Magnetosphere Read Chapter 5 – HW 4
10/27 Substorms
10/29 Storms
11/1 Atmosphere HW - 5
11/3 Ionosphere
11/5 Aurora
11/8 Review for Second Exam
Syllabus
Date Lecture Assignment
11/10 Second Exam Read Chapter 6
11/12 Technology and Space Weather
11/15 Technology and Space Weather
11/17 Technology and Space WeatherRead Chapter 7 - HW 6
11/19 Planets
11/22 Planets
11/26 Holiday
11/29 Humans in Space/ Other Space Weather
12/3 Review for Final
The Sun Yesterday(September 23,2010)
