ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power...

Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner

PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT

Aare

Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI G:ER01/standard/2003

Neutron Spallation Source SINQ

Proton accelerator

Design Concepts of and Lessons Learned from theSINQ High Power Targets

by Werner WagnerSpallation Neutron Source Division ASQPaul Scherrer Institut, PSI, Switzerland



Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility

SINQ Targetstation

Target bulk shielding

Proton beam:590 MeV, 51 MHz2.0-2.2 mA �� 1.3 MWon SINQ:

~ 1.4 mA �� 0.8 MW



SINQ target development:

The early concept…….



late 1980‘s:

Concept of aLiquid Metal Target for SINQ

Ch. Tschalär, W. Fischer, G. Bauer et al.Presented at ICANS-XI (1990)

Internatl. Collaboration onAdvanced Neutron Sources

Vision or Fiction?



outline

• The SINQ solid target– from early achievments to routine operation

• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target• The ultimate goal: LIMETS

– a routine liquid metal target for SINQ



outline


• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target• The ultimate goal: LIMETS

– a routine liquid metal target for SINQ



Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility

SINQ Targetstation

Target bulk shielding



1997-1999The SINQ Target Mark 2: Solid target with Zircaloy rods

equipped with thermocouples and test specimen rods: start of STIP, the SINQ Target Irradiation Program

as manufacturedafter 2 years of service (6800 mAh of 570 MeV protons)

Gerd Heidenreich



Since 2000: SINQ-Target Mark 3:� Lead rods, cladded by steel tubes

� 42% increase in neutron yield

� STIP continued and consolidated

Proton Beam

5

11

14

Tensile, Fatigue, TEMPb-Bi CapsulesPb-Bi CapsulesHg Capsules

Tensile, Fatigue, TEMTensile, Fatigue, TEMBend bar, Tensile, TEM

Bend bar, Tensile, TEM

Charpy samples

Charpy samplesCharpy samples

Charpy samplesBend bar, Tensile, TEMCarbon fibre samplesFatigue, SANS, TAP

DY,13.12.99

Including samples

14

1213

CT, Tal-clad W, SiC SANS

Thermocouple

Note: The materials of thesamples are Steel, Inconel Zircaloy mainly.

12.8

22.0

8

Tensile, TEM

Rod

A

1

3

C

6

8

9

12

B

2

4

1

7

9

1110

8

4

65

23

BC

A

7

10

13



ManipulatorTarget handling and dismantlingin ATEC hotcell

Kurt Geissmann et al.



A martensitic steel T91 (9Cr2WTaV) tensile specimen irradiated in liquid Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic

After 12 dpa (2 years of irradiation) at 210 to 250°C: NO severe LBE corrosion and NO LBE embrittlement effects

Approaching a lifetime assessment of high-power target materials:

Extensive materials studies within STIP

Yong Dai et al.



outline


• The MEGAPIE „adventure“



MEGAPIE A liquid metal target for SINQ

MEGAwatt Pilot Experiment:� Joint international initiative to design,

build, licence, operate and explorea liquid metal*) spallation targetfor 1 MW beam power

*) Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE)Tm=125oC

Goals of MEGAPIE:� Increase the neutron flux at SINQ� Demonstrate the feasibility of a liquid metal target

for high-power spallation and ADS applications

Initiated by Günter Bauer, managed and conducted byFriedrich Gröschel, Knud Thomsen et al.



Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility MEGAPIE target

2006: MEGAPIE (Flüssigmetalltarget)



MEGAPIE target featurestargethead

electro-magneticpumps

beamwindow

heatexchanger

safetyhull

lower targetassembly

central flowguide tube



System integration in SINQ (Jan.– July 2006)

Target head

Heat removal system(oil loop)

LBE filling system

Cover gas handling system

Insulation gas system



MEGAPIE Target Operation: full history

First protons on target, August 14

First protons on target August 14, 2006

On beam: August 14 – December 21, 2006• Accumulated charge: 2.8 Ah• Peak Current: 1400 µA• Beam trips (< 1 min): 5500• Interrupts (< 8 h): 570



Low beam 150 �A

THX inlet



Target temperatures at full beam

Cover gas: 226

��

C

THX inlet: 315

��

C

Spallation zoneoutlet: 340

��

C

Oil outlet: 210

��

C

THX outlet:229

��

C

Spallation zone inlet: 280

��

C

Beam current: 1274 mA



LBE: THX inlet

LBE: in main guide

LBE: THX outlet

Oil: THX inlet

Proton beam

LBE: lower main guide

Temperature transients during beam trips

� scrutinize / validate the thermo-hydraulic simulations


PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTNew safety- and diagnostic devices

LBE leak detector

Collimating slitin proton beamline

VIMOS: beam footprint visualization system

�Knud Thomsen et al



Neutron fluxes with MEGAPIEmeasured by Au foil activation (in neutrons/cm2/s/mA)

SINQ2005

Err.(%)

MEGAPIE2006

Err.(%)

ratio

ICON 3.80E+8 ~5 6.89E+8 ~5 1.81

NEUTRA 2.59E+7 ~5 4.80E+7 ~5 1.85

EIGER 6.46E+8 ~5 1.04E+9 ~5 1.61

NAA 5.82E+12* ~5 1.04E+13 ~5 1.79

Results

Flux gain byMEGAPIE

Markus Luethy



Understanding the flux gainCanneloni (with STIP) � MEGAPIE

• Compaction of reaction zone, no D2O, no steel and no empty volumes

• by that: ‚pushing out‘ the flux maximum

• and: no proton energy lossin water

• no STIP samples

Mark III (current) Megapie

Luca Zanini et al.



outline


• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target



Improvement options for the canneloni target

• Zr cladding (replacing steel)

Scetch from Knud Thomsen



Zr-clad rod: visual inspection

Zr-clad rods …after 2 years in SINQ (>10Ah of accumulated proton charge):



Improvement options for the canneloni target

• Zr cladding (replacing steel) done!

• compaction: closer rod-packing (2mm gap � 1mm),oval rod shape ?

• thinner tube wall(0.75 mm � 0.5 mm)

• Pb-reflectors filling the gap around the canneloni structure

• inverted calotte of safety hull

• No (or less) STIP samples

� 10-13%

� 5%

� 5%

� 10%

� 5%

� 10%∼∼∼∼45%

Scetch from Knud Thomsen

(predicted) gain

Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini et al.


PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTCompact cannelloni target



Status: ready to be operated starting April 2009

The new Zr-Pb cannellomi target for SINQ



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Basic technical parameters:

�Modular design allowing testing of different concepts of the THX, EMP, BEW

� Existing EMP (prototype of EMP1 for MEGAPIE) is adopted for the mock-up

�– Working fluid PbBi eutectic (melting temp. 126°C) or Pb (327°C), volume 65 l

� Maximum operation temperature – 500°°°°C

�Electric heater – 170 kW (former MEGAPIE test heater)

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Michael Wohlmuther et al.


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Distribution of shear stress



��1�� 0• Neutronics and target optimization:

– Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini, Daniela Kiselev, Markus Luethy,…

• Liquid metal targets:– Friedrich Groeschel, Michael Wohlmuther, Sergej

Dementjev, Karel Samec, Rade Milenkovic, Jacek Patorski et al.

• Materials research:– Yong Dai et al.

• SINQ target management and operation:– Hajo Heyck, Kurt Geissmann, Frank Heinrich and the

operation team

• Knud Thomsen for always bringing-in good ideas

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ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power...

Technology