7/10/2009

1

Essential Question:

Champion of the

―Common Man‖?

―King‖Andrew?OR

7/10/2009

2

Voting Requirements

in the Early 19c

7/10/2009

3

Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

Why Increased

Democratization?3 White male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:

Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs(1832) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)

7/10/2009

4

Jackson’s First

Hermitage Residence

7/10/2009

5

First Known Painting

of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson

During the Seminole

Wars

7/10/2009

6

The “Common

Man’s”

Presidential

Candidate

7/10/2009

7

Jackson’s Opponents

in 1824

Henry Clay[KY]

John Quincy Adams[MA]

John C. Calhoun[SC]

William H. Crawford[GA]

Results of

the 1824

Election

A

“Corrupt

Bargain?”

7/10/2009

8

Rachel Jackson

Final Divorce Decree

7/10/2009

9

Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

1828 Election

Results

7/10/2009

10

The Center of

Population in the

Country Moves

WEST

The New “Jackson

Coalition”

3 The Planter Elite in the South

3 People on the Frontier

3 State Politicians – spoils system

3 Immigrants in the cities.

7/10/2009

11

Assignment: Research in your textbook or the Internet about

the differences between Jeffersonian and Jacksonian

democracy. Complete a Venn Diagram on this, and then in 150

words, explain which type of democracy is best for the

modern age. Make sure to back up your opinion.

Jeffersonian v. Jacksonian Democracy

Jeffersonian Democracy believed that capable, well educated leaders should govern in the people‟s interest.

Jacksonian Democracy believed that the PEOPLE should manage government affairs

Jeffersonian Democracy reflected a chiefly agricultural society

Jacksonian Democracy reflected an agricultural AND rising industrial society

Jeffersonian Democracy limited democracy to chiefly its political aspects

Jacksonian Democracy expanded democracy beyond political aspects to include social and economic factors

Jeffersonian democracy: the people should be governed as little as possible. -- Gov‟t for the people

Jacksonian democracy: government should be done directly by the people. -- This idea would lead to Jackson‟s spoils system

Jeffersonian democracy was created by Jefferson; Jacksonian democracy pre-dated Jackson‟s presidency & produced him.

7/10/2009

12

Jackson’s Faith

in the “Common Man”

3 Intense distrust of Eastern―establishment,‖ monopolies, & special privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with the―plain folk.‖

3 Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “King Mob”

7/10/2009

13

Andrew Jackson as

President

The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

In the late 1820‟s and early 1830‟s, the Peggy Eaton Affair, also

called the Petticoat War, took place in Washington D.C.

At the time of Andrew Jackson‟s presidency, John Eaton held

the job of Secretary of War. Eaton had married the daughter of a

Washington boardinghouse owner, Peggy O‟Neale. Jackson‟s

Vice President, John Calhoun and his wife Floride Calhoun

snubbed Mrs. Eaton. President Jackson‟s own wife had been a

victim of scandals so Jackson, feeling sorry for Mrs. Eaton,

ordered his cabinet to treat Mrs. Eaton as a social equal. Most of

the cabinet continued to ignore and exclude the Eaton‟s and the

president could not do anything about it, which resulted in

Jackson losing the Petticoat War. John Calhoun, the Vice

President could not be fired. As a result, Secretary of State

Marin Van Buren, widower who had been caring to Peggy,

became Vice President of Jackson in 1832. After Van Buren

became Vice President, Jackson and Van Buren called for the

resignations of the entire cabinet involved in the affair.

John Eaton, who had presidential aspirations, became governor

of the Florida Territory and finally ambassador to Spain. Peggy

Eaton became Washington‟s leading hostess. The significance

of the Petticoat War is that it led to Van Buren‟s succession as

Vice President after Calhoun and the resignation of the cabinet

in 1831. The Peggy Eaton Affair also shows determination of

scandal and personal morality issues in American politics.

7/10/2009

14

The Webster-Hayne

Debate

Sen. Daniel Webster

[MA]

Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

7/10/2009

15

1830Webster:

Liberty and Union, now andforever, one and inseparable.

Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must bepreserved.

Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty,most dear.

7/10/2009

16

1832 Tariff Conflict

3 1828 --> ―Tariff of Abomination‖

3 1832 --> new tariff

3 South Carolina’s reaction?

3 Jackson’s response?

3 Clay’s ―Compromise‖ Tariff?

7/10/2009

17

Opening Activity:

7/10/2009

18

Indian Removal3 Jackson’s Goal?

3 1830 Indian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)* ―domestic dependent nation‖

3 Worcester v. GA (1832)

3 Jackson:John Marshall has made hisdecision, now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation

After 1820

7/10/2009

19

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears (1838-

1839)

7/10/2009

20

The

“Frontier”

Artists

Young Omahaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri,

and Pawnees - Charles Bird King, 1821

1. The ―Noble Savage‖ Image

7/10/2009

21

Buffalo Bull’s Back Fat, Head Chief,

Blood Tribe - George Caitlin, 1832

2. The ―Stoic‖ Indian

Mato-Tope – Karl Bodmer,

1830s

3. The ―Demonic‖ Indian

7/10/2009

22

Osage Scalp Dance

John Mix Stanley, 1845

Last of the Race – Tompkins Matteson,

1847

4. The ―Doomed‖ Indian

7/10/2009

23

Dying Indian Chief Contemplating the

Progress of Civilization

Thomas

Crawford, 1857

A portend of the future??

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for

Native Americans

7/10/2009

24

Video Introduction: “The Trail

of Tears” (4 Min.)

ASSIGNMENT: COMPLETE “Trail of

Tears Internet Worksheet”

If the Internet is not available, an

alternative assignment follows on early

Supreme Court cases on Indian removal:

7/10/2009

25

Directions: Complete this worksheet

For each of the following cases”

CHEROKEE NATION v. GEORGIA

(1831) &

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Alternative Assignment:

ASSIGNMENT: Read “THE REMOVAL

OF THE CHEROKEE” and answer the

comprehension questions.

7/10/2009

26

Final Assignment on

Trail of Tears

7/10/2009

27

Jackson’s Use of

Federal Power

VETO

1830 Maysville Road projectin KY [state of hispolitical rival, HenryClay]

7/10/2009

28

The National Bank

Debate

NicholasBiddle

PresidentJackson

Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.

―Soft‖(paper) $

―Hard‖(specie) $

3 state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely.

3 supported rapid economic growth & speculation.

3 felt that coin was the only safecurrency.

3 didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes.

3 suspicious of expansion &speculation.

7/10/2009

29

The “Monster” Is

Destroyed!3 ―pet banks‖?

3 1832 Jackson vetoed theextension of the 2nd

National Bank of theUnited States.

3 1836 the charter expired.

3 1841 the bank wentbankrupt!

The Downfall of

“Mother Bank”

7/10/2009

30

An 1832

Cartoon:

“King

Andrew”?

Growth of Democracy in the

Jacksonian Era

By 1828 most states had: Removed property and religious qualifications for office holding and voting. Now most white males could vote.

Increased the number of elected rather than appointed state and local officials

Given the people a greater check upon elected officials by shortening their terms of office

Spoils system in local and state politics

Democracy gains in Presidential Elections Starting in 1832, presidential candidates of each party were no longer named in a „caucus‟ of a few party leaders, now they were selected by a larger number of active party members at a nominating convention.

By 1832 the presidential electors of all but one state were chosen directly by the voters, instead of by state legislatures.

Rise of Third Parties: 1832 Anti-Masonic Party

Popular campaigning in presidential & state political races (“baby kissing,” parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

7/10/2009

31

Two-party system returned in the 1832

election

…In response to Jackson‟s 1st term:

Dem-Reps Natl. Reps. (1828) Whigs

(1832)

v.

Democrats (1828)

Revival of the two party system

Jackson forms the: DEMOCRATS Led by Andrew Jackson and (later) Martin Van Buren.

Consisted of small farmers, newly emerging businessmen, and city workers (working class).

Opposed an all-powerful federal government, urged greater democracy, and conformed to Jeffersonian ideals.

Opposition formed the: NATIONAL REPUBLICANS--Later called the WHIGS

led by Clay, Adams, and later by Daniel Webster.

Played to the masses, but derived their strength chiefly from well established classes - bankers, merchants, manufacturers, and large landowners.

Stood for a strong federal government, a national bank, protective tariffs, and favored the interests of business - resembled Hamilton‟s Federalist Party.

7/10/2009

32

Assignment: Create your own campaign

poster on Andrew Jackson!

Focus Question: Will your poster portray Jackson as a hero

of the common people or an omnipotent king? Who will

your support? It‟s your choice!

Requirements: Imagine that it‟s the 1832 election with

Andrew Jackson v. Henry Clay. Create a pro or anti-

Jackson reelection political poster. Focus on real historical

issues of the Jackson era, such as: The National Bank of

the U.S. or the Trail of Tears. Include a memorable slogan,

a summary of the political platform of the party you support,

and a large political cartoon with dialogue and/or caption!

1832 Election

Results

MainIssue?

7/10/2009

33

The Specie

Circular (1836)3 ―wildcat banks.‖

3 buy future federalland only with gold orsilver.

3 Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular

$ Banknotes loose their value.

$ Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!

7/10/2009

34

The 1836 Election Results

Martin Van Buren

―Old Kinderhook‖[O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

7/10/2009

35

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before his death)

1767 - 1845

7/10/2009

36