Pearl Harbor Essential Question: How did Japan expand from the 1930’s- 1941?
Transcript
Slide 1
Essential Question: How did Japan expand from the
1930s-1941?
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The Great Depression in the USA was devastating to Japan. Many
people were in poverty, and half the factories had closed. The
Japanese army saw conquest as a way out of this. The army was also
afraid of Chiang Kaisheks moves to unify China. They thought he
would take Manchuria from them. Claiming Chinese sabotage of a
railway, the Japanese army occupied Manchuria. They renamed it
Manchukuo and put the deposed Chinese Emperor Pu Yi up as a figure
head. This was the run-up to the Sino-Japanese war 1937-45
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The Emperor of Japan. He had complete control over, and
commanded complete loyalty from his subjects. It was his
responsibility for starting and ending the wars against China, USA,
Britain etc. He was protected from prosecution in 1945 by the US
who needed him to keep Japan from collapsing.
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General Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of Japan and primary
military leader. Rose to power in the Manchukuo Kwantung army
Responsible for 8m civilian deaths, countless deaths and
experiments on prisoners of war. Apologized for military atrocities
at his execution. Executed for war crimes 1948
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By 1938 There were 1 million Japanese troops in China. By 1941
2 million troops- but this was still not enough. Japan could occupy
only key areas and cities. Out of fear they adopted The Three All
Campaign (Kill all, burn all, destroy all) By 1945 4 million
Chinese people had died and 60 million had been displaced. Many
Chinese cities lay in ruins.
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The Japanese army rapidly advanced through China, Indo-China
and Indonesia. -Some Asian people welcome them as liberators from
western Imperialists - Soon they were generally feared as new
imperialists, not as Asian liberators They treated non- Japanese
peoples with ruthlessness, cruelty and severity.
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Dec 8/7 1941
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Pearl Harbor was an excellent place for the U.S. Navy to use as
a harbor for its ships. The mountains of Oahu were thought to be an
excellent protection against an enemy invasion.
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The U.S. had put an embargo (cut off supply) on oil and planes
to Japan. Japan needed these to complete its military conquest of
the Pacific and Asia. Japan, felt it was only a matter of time
until the U.S. tried to stop them militarily. Hideki Tojo, military
ruler of Japan
Slide 13
The Japanese decided to strike first in a surprise attack. The
place they could hurt the U.S. most was at Pearl Harbor, where much
of the U.S. Pacific fleet was docked. Japanese planes attacking
Pearl Harbor
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Sunday, December 7, 1941, 7:55 AM: The Japanese air force
attacks Pearl Harbor in a surprise attack. The American Naval Base
was caught completely off guard. By the time the U.S. forces could
mount a resistance, nearly 2,400 people died in the attack.
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However, the Japanese destroyed battleships, but no US aircraft
carriers. They also failed to destroy the harbor.
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Monday Dec. 8, 1941 Roosevelt gives speech: This day will live
in infamy Thousands of men line up for recruitment America joins
the fight in Europe and is ready to fight Japan
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Dec. 8, 1941--Japan attacks British, Dutch and American forces
in the Pacific For over a month, Japanese troop push American and
Filipino troops back Take Manila in Jan. 1942 MacArthur leader of
troops leaves in Feb. 1942 Vows to return again
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Japanese take Bataan Peninsula Many American and Filipino
forced to march to camps Limited food and water Extremely long
march Many died of weakness--if one fell out of the row, more than
likely shot dead 25,000 Americans and Filipinos died on the march
alone.
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US military policy during WWII US would fight a two front war
against Germany in Europe and Japan in the Pacific at the same time
However US would focus and divert supplies to the European theater
first. After Germany was defeated then all efforts would go to the
Pacific.