Essential QuestionEssential Question

What were the causes What were the causes of the American of the American

Revolution?Revolution?

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

French French TerritorTerritor

yy

Fort BeausejourFort Beausejour

French French TerritorTerritor

yy

Fort LouisbourgFort Louisbourg

French French TerritorTerritor

yy

Port RoyalPort Royal

Who Fought This War?Who Fought This War?

The FrenchThe French

The BritishThe British

The ColonistsThe Colonists

Indian GroupsIndian Groups

French French MovementMovement

French army moved French army moved into western into western Pennsylvania in 1754Pennsylvania in 1754

France wanted to use France wanted to use the Ohio River to the Ohio River to travel to the travel to the Mississippi, then on to Mississippi, then on to New Orleans.New Orleans.

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

Virginia Virginia governor sent governor sent George George Washington to Washington to western western PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Fort NecessityFort Necessity

Washington Washington quickly built Fort quickly built Fort NecessityNecessity

French attacked French attacked and defeated and defeated WashingtonWashington

Fort NecessityFort Necessity

Fort NecessityFort Necessity

The Albany ConferenceThe Albany Conference

June 1754June 1754

7 colonies sent 7 colonies sent representatives representatives to discuss an to discuss an alliance with the alliance with the Iroquois Indians Iroquois Indians

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union

Proposed by Proposed by Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Idea that colonies Idea that colonies unite to form a unite to form a federal governmentfederal government

RejectedRejected

British VictoryBritish Victory

Battle of QuebecBattle of Quebec

Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

(1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War

Pontiac – chief of Pontiac – chief of the Ottawathe Ottawa

United other United other Indian tribes to Indian tribes to attack British attack British forts and settlers forts and settlers along the frontieralong the frontier

Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 1763

Issued by King Issued by King GeorgeGeorge

No settlers allowed No settlers allowed to move west of to move west of the Proclamation the Proclamation Line drawn along Line drawn along the Appalachian the Appalachian MountainsMountains

Taxes on the ColoniesTaxes on the Colonies

Needed to pay Needed to pay war debt and war debt and cost of British cost of British soldiers in soldiers in AmericaAmerica

James OtisJames Otis

Wrote a pamphlet Wrote a pamphlet which stated:which stated:

““No taxation No taxation without without representation.”representation.”

Colonists had no Colonists had no representatives in representatives in ParliamentParliament

The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act

March 1765March 1765

Required stamps Required stamps on all printed on all printed materialsmaterials

Newspapers, wills, Newspapers, wills, deeds, dice, deeds, dice, playing cardsplaying cards

Quartering ActQuartering Act

Forced colonists Forced colonists to house British to house British soldierssoldiers

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty

Held outdoor Held outdoor meetings and meetings and demonstrationsdemonstrations

Protested British Protested British actsacts

Quote, Sons of LibertyQuote, Sons of Liberty

““In the morning a mob assembled and In the morning a mob assembled and erected a gallows near the town house erected a gallows near the town house and the dispers’d, and about ten a clock and the dispers’d, and about ten a clock reassembled and took the effigies of reassembled and took the effigies of several men and the Stamp Master . . . several men and the Stamp Master . . . To said gallows where they were hung To said gallows where they were hung up by the neck . . . About dusk they up by the neck . . . About dusk they broke every window in his house, frames broke every window in his house, frames and all, likewise chairs, tables, pictures and all, likewise chairs, tables, pictures and everything they could come across.”and everything they could come across.”

Nonimportation AgreementNonimportation Agreement

Merchants Merchants pledged not to pledged not to buy any British buy any British goodsgoods

Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty

Supported the Supported the colonistscolonists

Began weaving Began weaving homespun – a homespun – a simple cloth that simple cloth that became a sign of became a sign of patriotismpatriotism

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Britain sent Britain sent 1000 troops 1000 troops to Bostonto Boston

Soldiers Soldiers harassed by harassed by the crowdsthe crowds

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Troops fired into Troops fired into the crowdthe crowd

First victim was First victim was Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks

5 died in all5 died in all

Committee of Committee of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

March 1773March 1773

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson asked each colony asked each colony to create a to create a committee to committee to communicate with communicate with other coloniesother colonies

Began to unify the Began to unify the coloniescolonies

Tea Act Tea Act (1773)(1773)

Created to help Created to help the British East the British East India CompanyIndia Company

Company could Company could bypass colonial bypass colonial merchantsmerchants

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Dec. 1773Dec. 1773

Men dumped Men dumped 342 chests of 342 chests of tea into the tea into the harborharbor

Coercive ActsCoercive Acts

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party angered King angered King George IIIGeorge III

Created laws Created laws designed to designed to punish punish MassachusettsMassachusetts

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

Shut down the port of BostonShut down the port of Boston

All officials appointed by the royal governor All officials appointed by the royal governor rather than electedrather than elected

Town meetings bannedTown meetings banned

Housing must be provided for British soldiersHousing must be provided for British soldiers

Common SenseCommon Sense

Pamphlet written Pamphlet written by Thomas Paineby Thomas Paine

Attacked King Attacked King George III as a George III as a tyranttyrant

Time to claim Time to claim independenceindependence

Thomas PaineThomas Paine

““Everything that is right or reasonable Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘Tis time to part . . . Every spot of cries, ‘Tis time to part . . . Every spot of the old world is overrun with the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been oppression. Freedom hath been hunted around the globe . . . And hunted around the globe . . . And England hath given her warning to England hath given her warning to depart.”depart.”

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

July 4, 1776July 4, 1776

Declared the Declared the colonies colonies independent of independent of EnglandEngland

The United The United States of States of AmericaAmerica