Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well VictoriaThe stratigraphic drilling operation at Esso Gippsland...

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES, GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts

PUBLICATION No. 76

Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well

Victoria

OF

ESSO EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA, INC.

Issued under the Authority ot the Hon. David Fairbairn

Minister tor National Development

1966

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MINISTER: THE HON. DAVID FAIRBAIRN, D.F.C., M.P.

SECRETARY: R. W. BOSWELL

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES, GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

DIRECTOR: J. M. RAYNER

THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION IN THE PETROLEUM EXPLORATION BRANCH

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: M. A. CONDON

Published by the Bureau 01 Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics

Canberra A.C.T.

FOREWORD

Under the Petroleum Search Subsidy Act 1959-1964, agreements relating tosubsidized operations provide that the information obtained may be published by the Commonwealth Government six months after the completion of field work.

The Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics is required, on behalfof the Department of National Development, to examine the applications, maintain surveillanceof the operations, and in due course prepare the reports for publication. The growth of theexploration effort has greatly increased the number of subsidized projects and this increasehas led to delays in publishing the results of operations.

The detailed results of subsidized operations may be examined at the office of theBureau of Mineral Resources in Canberra (after the agreed period) and copies of the reportsmay be purchased.

Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 was drilled under the Petroleum Search SubsidyAct 1959-1964, in Petroleum Exploration Permit No. 38, Victoria. The well is located atlatitude 38

016'41" S., longitude 147

042'45"E., about 38 miles east-south-east of Sale, in the

Gippsland Basin, off the south-eastern coast of Victoria. It was Australia's first offshorewell, and was drilled for Esso Exploration Australia, Inc., by Global Marine AustralasiaPty Ltd, using the floating drilling rig Glomar Ill.

This Publication deals With the results of this drilling operation, and containsinformation furnished by Esso Exploration Australia, Inc., and edited in the PetroleumExploration Branch of the Bureau of Mineral Resources. The final report was written by EssoExploration Australia, Inc., in September, 1965. The methods employed in the drilling operation and the results obtained are presented in detail.

J. M. RAYNERDIRECTOR

3000-2

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

WELL HISTORYGeneral data

Drilling data

Logging and testing

GEOLOGYHistory of exploration

CONTENTS

1

2

22

3

8

1212

APPENDICES

Appendix 1:

Appendix 2:

Appendix 3:

Appendix 4:

Appendix 5:

AppendiX 6:

Appendix 7:

AppendiX 8:

Regional geology 13

Stratigraphy •• 14Stratigraphic table 14Miocene 14Oligocene •. 15Eocene 15Cretaceous 15

Structure 16

Relevance to occurrence of petroleum •• 16

Porosity and permeability of sediments penetrated 18

Contribution to geological concepts resulting from drilling 18

REFERENCES 19

Core descriptions 21

Palaeontological report, by David J. Taylor 31

Palynological report, by John Douglas 47

Gas analyses, by J. Puchel 49

Condensate analyses, by J. Puchel 53

Water analysis, by Altona Petrochemical Company pty Ltd 55

Core and mud analysis, by Core Laboratories Australia Ltd 57

List and interpretation of electrical logs, by Esso ExplorationAustralia, Inc. 59

Appendix 9: Well velocity survey, by K.A. Richards 61

AppendiX 10: Production test results, by Esso Exploration Australia, Inc. 65

Appendix 11: Additional data filed in the Bureau of Mineral Resources 73

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1: Locality map

Figure 2: Geological cross sections before and after drilling

Figure 3: Structure contour map

Figure 4: Foraminiferal distribution chart

Figure 5: Diagrammatic comparison of stratigraphy and structure

Figure 6: Well velocity survey data .•

Figure 7: Time-Depth curve, well velocity survey .•

Figure 8: Production Test No. I, bottom hole pressure curve

Figure 9: Production Test No. 2, pressure survey curve

Figure 10: Production Test No. 3, pressure survey curve

Plate 1: Composite well log (3 sheets)

Plate 2: Daily drilling graph

Plate 3: Drilling rate and hydrocarbon analysis log (4 sheets) ..

Plate 4: Core analysis log (2 sheets)

Frontispiece

17

Opposite p. 18

Opposite p. 45

46

Opposite p. 64

Opposite p. 64

Opposite p. 72

Opposite p. 72

Opposite p. 72

At back of report

At back of report

At back of report

At back of report

GEOLOGIC MAP

GIPPSLAND BASIN, VICTORIA

ESSO EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA INC.

*ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF-I

A.F.S

2010o10

MILESCompiled fram'Gealagical Mop of Victoria 1'1,000,000

Jul 1965

LEGEND

Quaternary

Tertiary

Mesazaic(Otway Group)

Lower Paleoloics and some Igneous

Ne.er Valcanics (Late Terliary)

Older Valcanics I Early Tertiary)

Granite IPaleazoic)

ESSO Gippsland Shelf-I

39°1-----j----------';..,-,k.A..:t-:.;}------

1460 1470

SUMMARY

Esso Gippsland Shelf No. I, Australia's first offshore well, was drilled by EssoExploration Australia, Inc., in the Gippsland Basin, about sixteen miles off the Ninety MileBeach, south-eastern Victoria.

Gippsland Shelf No. 1 was spudded on 27th December, 1964, reached a totaldepth of 8701 feet on 31st May, 1965, and was completed as a suspended gas well on 5th June,1965. The 268-foot drilling vessel "Glomar DI" owned and operated by Global MarineAustralasia pty Ltd was used to drill the well.

The well penetrated a Tertiary section to 5378 feet and an Upper Cretaceoussection from 5378 feet to 8701 feet, total depth. 353 feet of gas column was logged in the topof the Eocene Latrobe Valley Coal Measures, which proved to be productive by subsequenttests. Minor hydrocarbon shows in the Upper Cretaceous section are considered to be noncommercial.

Three production tests were made through perforations opposite sandstones inthe Latrobe Valley Coal Measures; one to confirm the gas-water contact and two for reservoirevaluation. On the first and lowermost test from 3809 to 3814 feet the well flowed gas at themaximum rate of 1.63 MMcf/D and fresh water at the rate of 750 barrels a day. On the othertests the maximum flow rates were 6.85 MMcf/D plus 75 barrels of consensate a day, and5.36 MMcf/D plus 79 barrels of condensate a day.

The well was the first offshore discovery in Australia, and gave the firstsignificant production from the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures. It was also the first occurrenceof a porous sandstone member in the Gippsland Limestone; the first occurrence of poroussandstone members in the Upper Cretaceous section; and the first occurrence of a Mesozoicsection younger than the Strzelecki Group in the Gippsland Basin.

A new and unknown sandstone section some 369 feet thick was encountered in thelower part of the Gippsland Limestone. The areal extent of this section is as yet unknown.Otherwise the lithology of the Tertiary sequence was as expected.

The stratigraphic drilling operation at Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 was subidizedunder the Petroleum Search Subsidy Act 1959-1964, from surface to total depth.

1

IN TRODUCTION

Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 was drilled near the crest of a closed anticlinemapped from seismic data. The objectives were to ascertain the stratigraphy and to test anyprospective reservoirs on the structure.

Expected stratigraphy and structure within the Cretaceous section was not aspredictable from seismic work as w as the Tertiary section. Therefore, a further objective wasto obtain stratigraphic and structural information, and to evaluate the petroleum possibilitiesof this Cretaceous section.

WELL HISTORY

General Data

Well name and number:

Name and address ofOperator:

Name and address ofTenement Holder:

Details of PetroleumTenement:

District:

Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1

Esso Exploration Australia, Inc.,280 George Street,SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Haematite Explorations Ply Ltd,500 Bourke Street,MELBOURNE, VICTORIA

Petroleum Exploration Permit No. 38 issued by theState of Victoria and covering an area of 4450 squaremiles. Subsequent farm-in by Esso ExplorationAustralia, Inc. from Haematite Explorations Ply Ltd

Offshore Gippsland, Eastern Victoria waters; Sale4-mile Sheet

Location: LatitudeLongitude

38016'41"8.

147042'45''E.

Elevation:

Total Depth:

Date drilling commenced:

Date drilling completed:

Date well suspended:

Date rig released:

Permanent Datum: Mean Sea LevelRotary Table: 31 feet above sea level (datum for

depths)

8701 feet (water depth 148 feet)

27th December, 1964

31st May, 1965

5th June, 1965

5th June, 1965

2

Drilling time to total depth:

Status:

Total Cost:

Drilling Data

Name and address ofDrilling Contractor:

Drilling Plant:Make:Type:Rated capacity:Motors:

Derrick:

Pumps:Make:Type:Size:Motors:

154 days

Suspended gas well

£1,188,189

Global Marine Australasia Pty LW.360 Lonsdale Street,MELBOURNE, VICTORIA

National1625 DE20,000 feet with 5" drill pipeCummins VT-12-GA-30 for electric power

136' x 58' x 34' special design, galvanized,1,000,000 lb. hookload capacity

NationalG-1000-C Duplex (2)7 a!4" x 16"Dual electric independent drives from above motors

BOP Equipment:Make:

Size:Working Pressure (psi):

Hole sizes and depths(related to RT):

Casing and cementing details:

Hydril

20" (MSP)

12,000

36" to26" to17 :112" to12 :114" to

8 :112" to7 a!4" to

Hydril

13 &"8" (GK)5000

302 feet741 feet

3017 feet6109 feet8678 feet8701 feet

CameronTriple U13 &"8"5000

Size (in.):Weight (lb.lft):Grade:Range:setting depth (ft):

30310/196B3284

20104/167B3687

3

13 31854J-55 Butt32974

9 &"836/40/47J-55 & N-8036081

Location of Shoe 284 Shoe 687 Shoe 2974 Shoe 6081shoe, collar, Collar 685 Collar 2895 Collar 6011centr alisers (ft): Angle Iron

Centralisers at: Centralisers at: Centralisers at:218, 243 2778 923, 963

2855 1004, 10462959 1084, 34332934 3471, 3514

3556, 35963637, 36803719, 37983839, 58816041, 6060

Cement (sacks): 440 + 2% 1200 + 2% 2600 800 + 8% GelCal. Chloride Cal. Chloride + 0.3% HR-4

Cemented to: Ocean floor Ocean floor Ocean floor 3244' (Bond log)Method used: Displacement Displacement Two-plug Two-plug

through DP through DP displacement displacement

Drilling Mud: Salt water with returns to ocean floor was used todrill to 741 feet before setting 20" casing. Theremainder of the hole was drilled with a fresh water,Spersene, XP-20, Bentonite, mud with Caustic Sodaused for pH control and barytes for weight material.

Mud and Chemicals used: Item Pounds Item Pounds

Magcophos 1,800 Magcogel 50,000

CausticSoda 24,416 Volclay 36,800

C.M.C. 750 Aquagel 209,500

Fine Nut Plug 3,250 Spersene 50,550

Halliburton Chipseal 1,480Halad

Fibreseal 1,380Containers 100

Halliburton CFR 100Coarse NutPlug 2,000

Salt Gel 33,600Medium Nut

Magobar Plug 3,250Barytes 412,400

Anhydrous CaCl2

800Local Barytes 149,800

Halliburton HR-4XP-20 26,650 Retarder 909

Weekly properties while drilling are summarized inthe following table:

4

DRILLING MUD PROPERTIES

Jan. 10 Jan. 17 Jan. 24 Jan. 31 Feb. 7 Feb. 14 Fab. 28 Mar. 7 Mar. 14 Mar. 21 Apr. 25 May 2 May 9 May 16 May 23 May 30Jan.. 16 Jan.. 23 Jan.. 30 Feb. 6 Feb. 13 Feb. 20 Mar. 6 Mar. 13 Mar. 20 Mar. Z1 May 1 May 8 May 15 !':!"YE May 29 ~

WtlGal. 9.4 9.5 9.7 10.0 9.9 9.7 12.1 12.1 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.1 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.1

Viscosity 42 43 45 52 55 40 50 53 55 53 50 42 40 45 43 41

F.L. 12.0 13.0 11.0 10.0 12.5 11.0 4.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.0 9.0 10.0 4.5 3.7 4.3

Filter Cake 2/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 3/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 2/32 3/32 2/32 2/32 2/32

<J,Sand 3/4 l!2 l!2 l!2 1/4 l!2 l!2 1/3

<J,Scllds 10 12 13 10 14 15.5 16 11 9.5 13 13 14

pH 9.5 8.0 9.0 9.2 8.5 7.8 10.8 11.8 10.6 10.7 11.1 12.0 12.3 12.7 10.7 10.8

Nael 5000 6100 6700 9000 9500 9200 4450 4620 3750 3350 4300 5150 5200 4100 4200 5450C11

App. Vis. 22 19 24 24 15 33 38 41 27 36 19 19 27 25 19

Plas. Vis, 15 18 16 19 13 32 34 40 25 34 19 18 26 24 19

Yield 12 16 17 10

Intt. Gel. 12 10 3.7 4.5

10 mln Gel. 26 35 43 32 30 6.5

Rmf&TemIl 0.55 at 0.55 at 0.55 at 1.0 at 0.55 at 0.63 at 0.77 at0

66°F. 7SoF. 60°F. 66°F. 065°F.67 F. 70 F.

Cal. 180 160 200 200 180 188 153 240 300 220 170 220 240

Alk. 0.15 0.5 0.8 0.32 0.38 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0

Water Supply:

Perforation Record:

Fresh drilling water was transported to the "GlomarIll" by the M/V Point Coupee from Port Welshpool.Salinity of this water was less than 700-800 ppm.chloride.

Three zones were perforated for production testingthrough 9-&18" casing. The zones perforated were3492-3497, 3752-3756, and 3809-3814 feet. Schlumberger Magnajets 1-11/16" through-tubing guns wereused at a perforation density of one shot per foot.

Plugs: Depth(ft): 8497-8697 6620-6820 5980-6180 3350-3820 205-330

Cement(sacks):

70+4%HR4 70+4%HR4 80+4%HR4 190+2%CalciumChloride

50+~%

CalciumChloride

Checked: No No No Yes. with40,000 lb.

Yes

Fishing Oper ations: While cutting Core No. 11 (4346 to 4351 feet) thewell came in blowing gas. The 13-1VB" GK Hydril,Upper Cameron Iron Works Pipe Rams, and LowerPipe Rams were closed and a weighted mud pumped:these measures failed to control the gas flow. TheBlind Rams were closed on the drill pipe which wasthen pulled apart. Next the well was cemented throughthe Kill Line. Later, sea water and gel mud werepumped through the Kill Line. Another cementsqueeze was performed through the Choke Line. Fishleft in the hole included 130 joints of 5" drill pipe; two7-:Y4"OD. Bumper Subs, and sub; three 7-:Y4"OD.drill collars, and sub; 65' x 6-:Y4"OD. Christensencore barrel and drag bit. Top of the fish was located174 feet below the rotary table. AI3-:Y8" Baker Model"c" Retrievable Bridge Plug was set on top of fish.

The 16" Marine Conductor and 13-&18" BOPstackwerepulled to the surface and reconditioned. Necessaryrepairs were made to the rig. The eqUipment was rerun; landed on the casing-head near the ocean floor,and tested; the Retrievable Bridge Plug was thenpulled. The blowout preventers were tested on theocean floor with a retrievable test tool. ,

A rotary shoe was used to dress the top of the fishat 174 feet. A Bowen overshot would not engage the5" drill pipe on the first trip and the fish requiredadditional dressing with a rotary shoe. Schlumbergersinker bars would not pass the top of the fish. Thefishing string was backed off one joint above the

6

overshot, pulled to the surface, and strap welded.The fishing stringw as then screwed into the fish and thetop joint and 52 joints of drill pipe backed off.

Open-end drill pipe was run to the top of the fishand mud was circulated. The drill pipe was screwedinto the fish and Schlumberger sinker bars run to4263 feet. Afree point indicatorw as run and indicatedpipe to be free to 4250 feet. A string shot was usedto back off the fish at 2710 feet. The mud systemwas then circulated and conditioned and the drill pipewas again screwed into the fish. Another string shotwas run and the fish backed off at 2925 feet. Thirtyseven joints of drill pipe were recovered.

A fishing string of 5" drill pipe, two Bumper Subs,J-Joint, and 15 joints of 7-fl8" wash pipe and rotaryshoe was then run. A bridge was encountered at2735 feet and the fish washed over to 3549 feet. Aback-off shot was then run to 3525 feet and the fishbacked off: 20 joints of 5" drill pipe were recovered.The mud was then circulated and conditioned.

The fish was washed over from 3525 to 3867 feet andthe mud circulated and conditioned with the samestring as described above. Afterwashing over to 4131feet, mud was lost. This operation was temporarilysuspended because of the weather.

When the weather improved the fishing string waspicked up and run in the hole andwashed over the fishto 4155 feet. Lost circulation material was added tothe mud system. After an unsuccessful attempt toengage the J-Joint, the stringwas pulled to the surface.

A fishing string composed of a 7-7/8" x 6 1/4" BowenOvershot, two Bumper Subs, and 5" drill pipe wasstrap welded. This was run to the top of fish at 3535feet. A string shot was used to back-off at 4051 feet.A 12 l/4" bit was run in the hole to 3187 feet wherecement was encountered; the hole was reamed to4051 feet (the top of the 5" drill piPe fish). Afterconditioning the mud, the string was pulled to thesurface.

Another fishing string consisting of a 9-fl8" rotaryshoe, six joints 9-fl8" wash pipe, 9-fl8" controlbushing, two joints 9-fla" wash pipe, safety joint,washover spear and J-Joint, and 5" drill pipe wasmade up and washed over fish to 4347 feet. The pipe

7

Side -Tracked Hole:

Logging and Testing

Ditch Cuttings:

Coring:

was worked and pulled free. The fish recoveredincluded three joints of 5" drill pipe, two 7-3"4" OD.Bumper Subs, sub, one 7-3"4" OD. drill collar,stabilizer, two 7-3"4" OD. drill collars, sub, and 65foot core assembly. A 12-]/4" bit was then run tobottom of the original hole and the mud conditioned forfurther drilling. All fish previously left in the holew as recovered.

Nil

Cuttings were taken over a normal shale shaker atten-foot intervals while drilling and five-foot intervalswhile coring. All samples were logged and caught bythe mud logging personnel under the supervision ofEsso geologists and are representative ofthe labelleddepth. Representative suites of cuttings are storedwith the BMR, the Victorian Mines Department, andwith Esso in Melbourne.

The original coring programme was for cores to betaken at majgr formation changes, significant showsof oil and gas, and at 500-foot intervals in accordancewith the reqUirements of the BMR. In general, thiswas carried out. Routine coring reqUirements werewaived by the BMR because of uniform lithology.

A total of twenty-one cores, tabulated below, was cutin the well, for a total footage of 476 feet. Recoverywas 260.5 feet. Christensen coring equipment wasused exclusively with both drag type and diamond corebits.

CoreNo.

Interval Cored(feet)

FeetCut

Recovery(feet)

Recovery(%)

1 1000-1028 28 14 502 1501-1528 27 10 373 2024-2037 13 5 384 2326-2352 26 21 815 2630-2655 25 23 926 2876-2896 20 10 507 3020-3050 30 9 308 3342-3385.5 43.5 7 169 3465-3513 48 2 4

10 3800-3825 25 Nil 011 4346-4351 5 2 4012 4740-4760 20 12 60

8

Core Interval Cored Feet Recovery RecoveryNo. (feet) Cut (feet) (%)

(Continued)

13 5256-5274 18 15 8314 5656-5685 29 29 10015 6124-6139 15 2 1116 6447-6460.5 13.5 13.5 10017 6747-6773 26 23 8818 7233-7251 18 18 10019 7708-7731 23 23 10020 8678-8693 15 15 10021 8693-8701 8 7 88

Representative pieces of these cores are stored withthe BMR, the Victorian Mines Department, and Essoin Melbourne.

Detailed lithological descriptions of each core aregiven in Appendix 1.

Sidewall Sampling: One run for sidewall cores was attempted usingSchlumberger C.S. T. equipment. A total of 16 coreswas attempted but only three samples recovered; at3760, 5836 and 6015 feet. This poor recovery was dueto the loose nature ofthe sands. These sidewall coreswere used for core analyses.

Electrical and other logging: Wire line logging was carried out by SchlumbergerSeaco Inc. The following logs were run:

Induction Electrical Log 687 to 8690 ft (6 runs)

Sonic-Gamma Ray-CaliperLog 688 to 8685 ft (6 runs)

Microlaterolog 688 to 8700 ft (6 runs)

Laterolog 2974 to 8699 ft (2 runs)

Continuous Dipmeter 688 to 8685 ft (4 runs)

cement Bond Log 2604 to 5988 ft (2 runs)

Gamma Ray-CollarLocator 3000 to 5997 ft (1 run)

9

Penetration Rate Log:

Gas Log:

Formation Testing:

Deviation Surveys:

Temperature Survey:

Velocity Survey:

Other Well Surveys:

Production Testing:

A specially designed device was used in the majorityof log runs to compensate for movement ofthe vesselwhile logging.

A Drilling Time Log is included as part of theComposite Well Log, and also as part of Appendix 7.

In addition to the continuous hot wire mud gas recorder, a chromatograph was used to detail mud gasshows. Cuttings gas was measured in a Waringblender and recorder. The cuttings were examinedfor stain and fluorescence. The gas log is includedas part of the Composite Well Log and also as part ofAppendiX 7.

No conventional drillstem tests were run. See belowfor production tests.

These surveys were carried out With a Totco instrument and results are plotted on the Composite WellLog. The well had little deviation to 7200 feet, increased to 5_1/40 at 7625 feet, and was at 2_314

0at

total depth. Schlumberger deviation recordings takenin conjunction With the Dipmeter Survey indicated thatno doglegs were present.

No temperature logs were run. A Cement Bond Logwas used for casing cement bonding and cement top.

A velocity survey was run on 22nd May, 1965, byWestern Geophysical Company. Results are includedin Appendix 9.

Nil

Three intervals opposite the gas-bearing sandstonewithin the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures were production tested through perforations and various chokeswith the follOWing results:

10

Zone No. 1: Perforations from 3809 to 3814 feet with one jet shot per foot.

Flow Time Choke Rate Surface FluidPeriod Flow

Pressure(in.) (MMcf/O) (psig.) (BPO)

1 1 hr 55 min. 1/8 0.69 1050 345 water

2 2 hr 35 min. 32.5/64 1.63 670 750 water

Extrapolated bottom hole pressure at 3810 feet was 1693 psi.




1 1 hr 02 min. 16/64 0.96 1350 17.0 cond.2 1 hr 05 min. 20/64 2.475 1140 68.0 cond.3 1 hr 02 min. 16/64 2.54 1340 48.7 cond.4 1 hr 25 min. 18/64 3.67 1090 75.0 cond.5 1 hr 17 min. 22/64 4.87 920 74.0 cond.6 2 hr 48 min. 28/64 6.85 850 73.5 cond.





1 2 hr 45 min. 3/8 3.77 i200 57.6 cond.2 1 hr 21 min. 3/16 0.985 1480 16.0 cond.3 1 hr 51 min. 3/8 3.86 1318 34.1 cond.4 2 hr 48 min. 30.5/64 5.36 1075 79.4 cond.5 2 hr 24 min. 26.5/64 4.92 1228 50.3 cond.


The first flow period of each zone represents the clean-up period.o 0

The API gravity of the condensate ranged from 65.8 to 81.4 from all tests.

Further details of production tests are given in Appendix 10.

113000-3

GEOLOGY

History of Exploration

Geological and Drilling:

Onshore, exploration for various minerals, especially coal, has been going onin this region for about a century. In 1886, one bore was drilled to 224 feet for gold. Over60 coal bores from 200 to 2100 feet deep have been drilled in the area. Many shallow waterwells, and about half adozen deep ones, ranging from 1300 to 2000 feet deep, have been drilled.

Since 1924, about 100 testwells have been drilled in the region by Commonwealthor State Government agencies, and by private firms. More than 50 tests were drilled aroundLakes Entrance, including a 10-foot diameter shaft dug to 1156 feet.

An oil boom started in 1924, after asmall oil and gas show was encountered in awater well from an Oligocene greensand aquifer. Small amounts of crude measurable ingallons were intermittently produced along with fresh water by over 30 individual LakesEntrance field wells until the complete cessation of production in 1957.

oOver 8000 barrels total of asphaltic, 15.7 API crude were produced. Gas

production, all methane, was insignificant.

Since 1954, drilling has been carried out onshore by Woodside, Frome Lakes,and Arco. None of these operators found commercial accumulations, although some hydrocarbon shows were recorded.

The Victoria State Mines Department and to a "less extent the Bureau of MineralResources have mapped the surface geology of the Gippsland region, with emphasis on thePalaeozoics. Subsurface geological maps and sections have" been prepared by previousoperators from data on the many old cable tool and rotary wells drilled in the basin.

Geophysical:

Gravity and Magnetics: The Bureau of Mineral Resources regional gravitycovers the onshore Gippsland Basin; gravity anomalies and trends are correlatable withmajor regional structural features. Much of the basin has been covered by aeromagneticwork. The BMR conducted most of the older work but a portion of the offshore basin wasflown in 1961 by Aero Service Ltd for Haematite Explorations Pty Ltd. These were reconnaissance surveys but gave a good apprOXimation of the basin edges.

Seismic: Previous Control - Regional seismic control was obtained from thereconnaissance survey conducted byWestern Geophysical Company for Haematite ExplorationsPty Ltd in 1962-63. Generally, the record quality was fair to good down to the first strongcoal reflection; below this mainly multiples were recorded. Where no strong coal reflectionwas present, deeper legitimate events were recorded, although these were generally discontinuous and weak. Western Geophysical Company carried out additional detailed seismic work,subsidized by the Commonwealth Government, for Esso before the spudding of Gippsland ShelfNo. 1.

12

Regional Geology

The small Gippsland Tertiary-Mesozoic Basin lies within, and near the southernextremity of, the Palaeozoic Tasman Geosyncline which stretched 2500 miles through easternAustralia from New Guinea to Tasmania. Tens of thousands of feet of Cambrian to Carboniferous sediments, metasediments, intrusives, and effusives are consequently exposed aroundits northern rim in Victoria. In addition Permian rocks are present in Tasmania to the southwest. Palaeozoic rocks undoubtedly underlie allofthe Gippsland Basin, at shallow depth nearits margins directly below a thin Tertiary veneer, and at great depth, of the order of 20,000feet, within the central area where a thick Lower Cretaceous-Jurassic section intervenes andthe Tertiary alone reaches a thickness of 7000+ feet.

Triassic sediments are known in Tasmania but the oldest Mesozoic bedsrecognized in Gippsland are of Jurassic age. Continental types of sandstone, arkose, siltstone,greywacke, mUdstone, and minor amounts of coal were deposited during the Jurassic and LowerCretaceous within a large graben or half-graben depression. Upper Cretaceous sediments areapparently absent onshore. Locally, pre- Tertiary uplift and deformation were considerable anderosion occurred regionally for a long period. Weathering and an angular unconformity at thetop of the Strzelecki Group are pronounced.

During Eocene time, gentle regional downwarp occurred in the basin. Volcanismoccurred in the west followed by Widespread lironic to paralic swamp conditions With thedeposition of peat, clay, and much coarse continental sand, The great thickness and characteristics of the brown coal in the west suggest that the deposits were autochthonous. Largevolumes of freshwater must have consistently debouched into the basin from the surroundinghighlands since it is only in the east that the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures contain traces ofany carbonate or shells or marine fauna which would suggest more normal marine salinity.In the west, over 2000 feet of the mainly continental Latrobe Valley Coal Measures weredeposited. A thinner but slightly more brackish sequence containing less lignite was laiddown to the east and south-east, Uplift and gentle deformation took place after the Eocene;the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures were then truncated.

The Gippsland Basin acquired its general present shape with a marine transgression from the east and south-east during Lower Oligocene time. The Lakes Entrancecalcareous shale was the first true marine rock to be laid down. A single important periodof local shoreline or littor al sand deposition with WinnOWing action interrupted shale deposition,during a brief halt in the transgression. Then came further onlapping and more shaledeposition.

Shallow and qUiescent marine conditions continued without major interruptionthrough the Miocene into the Lower Pliocene with further slow transgression of the sea:overlapping deposits of marl and argillaceous limestone were laid down, but these becamesandier towards the end of this time, as marine regression began, completing the full cycle.By mid-Pliocene, regional uplift, probably accompanied by gentle deformation and small-scalefaulting, occurred. The sea then regressed to its present limits. Deposition of fluvial clays,sands, and gravels took place onshore from the Upper Pliocene to the Holocene.

Possibly during the period of erosion after the Eocene and certainly during theQuaternary, large volumes offresh water have entered all permeable horizons known onshore.

13

Stratigraphy

Miocene

Oligocene

Eocene

UpperCretaceous

Formation

Gippsland Limestone

Lakes Entrance Formation

Latrobe Valley CoalMeasures

Unnamed

Depth Intervals Thickness(feet) (feet)

767-3270 2503+

3270-3458 188

3458-5378 1920

5378-8701 (T.D.) 3323+

Note: The lithological top of the Lakes Entrance Formation at 3270 feet has been used in thisreport to coincide with the seismic mapping hori zon. A palaeontological disconformity howeveris present at 3084 feet. It is possible that the section from 3084 to 3458 feet should beincluded in the Lakes Entrance Formation. Additional control is needed to establish thisformation boundary firmly.

Detailed:

Note: Nos ample returns above 767 feet. Ocean floor sample consisted of shell fr agmentsand fine to medium-grained, quartz sand grains.

Gippsland Limestone (Miocene): 767 to 3270 feet (2503 feet +)

767 to 2615 feet:

2615 to 3084 feet:

3084 to 3270 feet:

Marl: light grey, medium grey to olive-grey, very fossiliferous,soft, firm, massive, glauconitic, dense.

Limestone: light, medium to dark grey, skeletal, very fossiliferous, glauconitic, pyritic, fairly hard.

Sandstone: calcareous, light, medium to olive-grey, made up ofclear, White, and light grey, coarse to very coarse, subrounded torounded, fairly well-sorted quartz grains set in a calcareousmatrix. Fairly friable with abundant fossils, and With fair porosityand perme abil ity.

Limestone: sandy, or calcareous sandstone, but carbonate dominant.

Marl: as described above, minor percentage.

(Possible Lakes Entrance Formation)Marl: light olive, olive, medium to dark grey, very fossiliferous,very glauconitic, pyritic, slightly sandy - scattered quartz grains.

14

Lakes Entrance Formation (Oligocene): 3270 to 3458 feet (188 feet)

3270 to 3458 feet: Shale: calcareous, green-grey, olive-grey, glauconitic, fossiliferous, pyritic, random quartz grains. This section is lithologicallydistinct from the section from 3084 to 3270 feet, and ties with theseismic top. It is possible, due to a palaeontological disconformityat 3084 feet, that the whole section between 3084 and 3458 feet is asingle time rock unit.

Latrobe Valley Coal Measures (Upper Eocene): 3458 to 5378 feet (1920 feet)

3458 to 5378 feet: Sand: clear-milky-light grey, medium-granule, subrounded towell-rounded, fairly well-sorted quartz (99%) grains, dominantlyloose and unconsolidated; extremely porous, minor coal fr agments,few muscovite flakes.

Sandstone: same constituents as above but generally very finemedium, slightly dolomitic in places.

Coal: brown and black.

Siltstone: brown-grey, finely pyritic and micaceous, very carbonaceous.

Shale: (minor), light, medium and brown-grey, argillaceous anddense, grading into siltstone as above.

Unnamed unit (Upper Cretaceous): 5378 to 8701 feet (3323 feet +)

5378 to 5707 feet:

5707 to 6755 feet:

Siltstone: brown-grey, medium to dark grey and grey-black,carbonaceous, micaceous and pyritic.

Shale: green -grey, medium to dark grey, gr ading into siltstone asabove.

Sandstone: light grey, very fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, soft, friable, carbonaceous, micaceous, slightly dolomiticin spots. Minor clean, loose, unconsolidated, medium to coarsegrains (quartz).

Coal: thin bands, brown-black to black.

Sandstone: light to medium grey and light green-grey and browngrey, very fine to medium, angular to subrounded, fairly clean withquartz making up 95% of sandstone. Minor constituents are coalfragments, mica flakes, and few lithic fragments.

Siltstone : brown-grey, carbonaceous and micaceous, finely pyritic,grading into shale as below.

15

Shale: medium to dark grey and green-grey, dense, carbonaceousand micaceous.

Coal: black, dense, with good conchoidal fracture.

6755 to 7020 feet:

7020 to 7260 feet:

7260 to 8701 feet:(T.D.)

Structure

Same lithology as for 5707 to 6755 feet, but sands are much coarser,up to granule and occasionally pebble conglomerate in grain size. Thegrains are also angular to subangular. Quartzstill makes up about95% of the sandstone.

As for 6755 to 7020 feet, but kaolinitic matrix present in sandstones.

As for 6755 to 7020 feet, but matrix appears to be weatheredfeldspar. Quartz 85-90%. remainder feldspar (5-10%), coal fragments, trace of mica, dark rock fragments, and pyrite. The overallsection from 5378 to 8701 feet is considered to be Upper Cretaceous.Typical Strzelecki Group lithologies were not encountered in thiswell.

The Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well was drilled on a local culmination along aregional anticlinal feature trending generally east-west. This trend appears to be geneticallyrelated to the onshore Balook High. Maximum closure along this trend is about 1100 feet.

The local culmination or closure tested by Gippsland Shelf No. 1 is an almostsymmetrical anticline approximately 15 miles long and 2 miles Wide with steeply-dippingflanks. The structure is probably cut by a transverse fault. Maximum vertical closure onthis particular feature, as mapped on the unconformity at the top of the Latrobe Valley CoalMeasures, is about 600 feet.

A structure map on the unconformity at the top of the Latrobe Valley CoalMeasures was the basis for selecting the location (see Fig. 3). Continuous Dipmeter resultsconfirm that the Tertiary section was encountered on or near the crest of the structure. Theactual formation tops coincided closely to the seismic prediction.

Structural configuration below the Tertiary, within the Upper Cretaceous section,is not well-known. Few valid seismic reflections were recorded in this interval.

oDips from

cores and the dipmeter survey suggest a possible regional dip of less than 10 , generallybetween north-east and north-west, in this section.

No faulting was evident in the well.

Relevance to Occurrence of Petroleum

A gas column of 353 feet was encountered in the top of the Latrobe Valley CoalMeasures in the interval from 3458 to 3811 feet. Subsequent production tests proved the gascolumn and established the gas-water contact. This is the first potentially commercial hydrocarbon reservoir found in the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures.

16

Fig. 2

SECTION BEFORE DRILLINGN

SEA LEVEL

ESSO Gippsland Shelf-II Proposed)

5SEA LEVEL

PlIOCENE - MIOCENE IUndill.)

-2000GIPPSLANO LIMESTONE

- 2000

GIPPSLANO LIMESTONE-2000

-8000

-4000

'~?-6000

-8000

"'<-10,000 ..

....0z

5 ZSEA LEVEL

~

"'"'....

-2000

-4000

'~?-6000

ESSO Gippsland Shelf-I~

STRlELECKI GROUP

UPPER CRETACEOUS-8000

-8000

-10,000

PlIOCENE - MIOCENE I Undill.!

-6000

-4000

-6000

-4000

SEA LEVEL

SECTION AFTER DRILLINGN

-10,000 -10,000

ESSO EXPLORATION AUST INC

F·

TERDRILLING

NS BEFORE AND ACROSS - SEi~~~ GIPPSLAND SHELF-I

MILES

17

Gas shows were logged by the mud logging unit in the sands from 5707 to 6030feet. However, electric log analysis rules out commercial hydrocarbons in these sands.

Additional shows were logged below 7800 feet, some with fluorescence and cut,but all were deemed non-commercial. The best of these minor shows were in the intervalfrom 7834 to 7846 feet and at 8687 to 8693 feet in Core No. 20.

The show from 7834 to 7846 feet is based on the mud gas detector, sampleexamination, and log analysis. A maximum gas reading of 120 units was recorded in thissection. The lithology is described from samples as follows:

Sandstone: light grey-brown, very fine to medium-grained, angular tosubrounded, fair sorting, poor porosity and permeability, with a trace ofinterbedded brown-grey carbonaceous siltstone. A trace of light gold

-fluorescence was noted.

Log analysis indicates a slight hydrocarbon show. The porosity was calculated to be 19%.

The show at 8687 feet and 8693 feet is based on visual examination of cores.Brown oil staining was observed in a light grey, coarse to granule-grained, angular, feldspathicsandstone with occasional pebbles and cob.bles. The staining was erratic and limited to a6-inch vertical interval in each case. The porosity from core analyses was 17%.

Porosity and Permeability of Sediments Penetrated

Porosity and permeabilities were measured by Core Laboratories, lnc., on thevarious cores and results are included in Appendix 7.

Log analyses generally confirmed the range of measured porosities. No coresof the loose gas sand in the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures were recovered, therefore logporosity values are the only ones available. The porosities range up to about 35% and it isobvious by their loose nature that the sands are extremely permeable.

The Gippsland Limestone sandstone member had porosities up to 36% andpermeabilities to 2300 md on core analyses. Sandstones Within the Eocene-Upper Cretaceoussection had porosities ranging up to 25% and permeabilities up to 300 md.

Contribution to Geological Concepts Resulting from Drilling

Gippsland Shelf No. 1 was the first well drilled in the offshore Gippsland Basin.The Tertiary section to the base of the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures was essentially aspredicted before drilling with one exception. The calcareous sandstone unit from 2615 to3084 feet within the Gippsland Limestone had not previously been seen in onshore wells. Itsare al extent is not yet known. The remainder of the section to the top of the Upper Cretaceousat 5378 feet was correlated without difficulty With the onshore section.

Based on palaeontological control, the section from 3084 to 3270 feet could beincluded in the Lakes Entrance Formation. However, there is a good Electric Log and SonicLog marker at 3270 feet that can be correlated with the onshore wells and which coincidesWith an extensive mappable seismic reflectiori. Calling this lithologic marker the top of the

18

Fig, 3

STRUCTURE CONTOURS ON TOP OF THEPRODUCING GAS SANDS

4I

SCALE I: 100,000

2!

CONTOUR INTERVAL 200'

o!


E.G.S. -1 GAS FI ELD

I

b=:

38° 15·-----------------------------::::-.::::::.-------r~____;rL..----_+_--------~-- ------.L-----38° 15'

MILES

Lakes Entrance Formation is advantageous for structural mapping. In addition, the top ofthe Lakes Entrance Formation, based on palaeontology, would be difficult to pick on ElectricLogs if the Gippsland Limestone sandstone member was not present as is the case in theonshore wells. Additional well control will solve the problem, but for the present the E-Logmarker is being retained as the top of the Lakes Entrance Formation for practical usage.

The Upper Cretaceous section consists of sandstones, siltstones, shales, and thincoal bands lithologically distinct from Strzelecki Group sediments seen onshore.

The very high percentage of quartz sandstone, the grain size, angularity, porosity,and the relative lack of dark rock fragments and other lithic constituents is in markedcontrast to the sUb-greywacke type of Strzelecki Group sediments onshore. Structure withinthis Upper Cretaceous section is unknown at present. Although this section appears devoidof marine fauna, it is noticeable that formation water salinities are very high throughout theunit suggesting marine conditions of deposition.

REFERENCES

CARTER, AN.,

HAEMATITE EXPLORATIONS PTY LTD,

HOCKING, J.B., andTAYLOR, D.J.,

INGRAM, F. T.,

STANFORD, E.B., andCAAN, AJ.,

1964:

1965:

1964:

1963:

1963:

Tertiary foraminifera from Gippsland, Victoria, andtheir stratigraphic significance. Geol. Surv. Vic.Mem.23

Bass Strait and Encounter Bay aeromagnetic survey,1960-1961. Bur. Min. Resour. Aust. Petrol. SearchSubs. Acts Pub!. 60.

Initial marine transgression in the Gippsland Basin,Victoria. AP.E.A 1964.

Well completion report, Merriman No.!. Arco Ltd/Woodside (Lakes Entrance) Oil Co. N.L. (Unpub!.).

The Gippsland Basin, Victoria. Unpublished CompanyReport No. AUST-B.

19

APPENDIX 1

ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF NO. 1

CORE DESCRIPTIONS

Core No. 1 1000 to 1028 feet. Cut 28 feet Recovered 14 feet (50%)

1000 to 1004 feet:

1004 to 1014 feet:

Limestone: medium grey to light olive-grey, finelycrystalline, glauconitic, fossil fragments, soft argillaceous matrix.

Marl: medium grey to olive-grey, dense, soft, glauconitic, very fossiliferous, with thin interbeds oflimestone. No distinguishable dip.


1501 to 1504 feet:

1504 to 1511 feet:

Marl: light grey, soft, few fossils, scattered crystalsof calcite.

Marl: light grey, soft, few fossils, scattered calcitecrystals, more argillaceous than above. Poor porosityand permeability. No discernible dip.

Core No. 3 20~4 to 2037 feet. Cut 13 feet Recovered 5 feet (38%)

2024 to 2029 feet: Marl: medium to dark grey, sparsely glauconitic,firm, few scattered fossil fragments, calcite crystals,few pyrite grains. Poor porosity and permeability.No discernible dip.


2326 to 2327 feet:

2327 to 2327 :1/2 feet:

2327 :1/2 to 2331 :1/2 feet:

2331 1/2 to 2338 feet:

2338 to 2340 :1/2 feet:

2340 :1/2 to 2343 :1/2 feet:

Marl: medium dark grey, few scattered glauconiticgrains, abundant fossil fragments, tight, firm, noshow.

Limestone: medium grey, bioclastic, abundantmicrofossils and fossil fragments, in fine crystallineargillaceous matrix, tight, fairly hard, trace glauconite, no show.

Marl: as above, very abundant microfossils andfossil fragments, glauconitic.

Limestone: as above, glauconite, sparse to abundant,occasional thin argillaceous streaks.

Marl: as above, abundant glauconite.

Limestone: as above, interbedded with thin marlystreaks, abundant sponge spicules and echinoid spines.

21

2343 1/2 to 2344 1/2 feet:

2344 1/2 to 2347 feet:

Marl: as above.

Limestone: medium grey, finely crystalline, slightlyargillaceous, scattered small fossil fragments, tracegl auconite, hard, dense, no show.


2630 to 2646 feet:

2646 to 2653 feet:

Calcareous Sandstone: light olive-grey, coarse tovery coarse, subrounded, white clear quartz, whitecalcareous matrix, abundantglauconite, friable, abundant fossil fragments. Fair permeability and porosity.No show.

Sandy Limestone: light olive-grey, finely crystalline,abundant glauconite and fossil fragments. White clearquartz grains (10% to 40% of rock is quartz grains).Fair porosity and permeability. No show.

2876 to 2886 feet:

Core No. 6

Core No. 7

2876 to 2896 feet. Cut 20 feet Recovered 10 feet (50%)

Calcareous Sandstone: light to medium grey, coarseto very coarse, subrounded, light to clear quartzgrains. Finely crystalline, bioclastic calcareousmatrix, fair porosity and permeability. Slightlyglauconitic, slightly brackish taste (sand 50% to 80%of rock).


3020 to 3022 1/2 feet:

3022 1/2 to 3027 feet:

3027 to 3029 feet:

Calcareous Sandstone: light to medium grey, clearwhite to cloudy, few tan, coarse to very coarse, subrounded to rounded, fairly well-sorted quartz grainsin calcareous matrix; glauconitic and fossiliferous.Fair porosity and permeability. Grades into sandylimestone in bottom six inches; limestone is moreglauconitic and fossiliferous and tighter.

Calcareous Siltstone to Marl: medium to dark grey,olive-grey, slightly glauconitic, fossiliferous, tight.

Calcareous Sandstone: to sandy limestone (generallyfiner grained), fine to coarse, very poorly sortedquartz grains, light tan, very dirty, fossiliferous, andglauconitic. No show, slight brackish taste. Noapparent dip.

Core No. 8 3342 to 3385.5 feet. Cut 43.5 feet Recovered 7 feet (16%)

3342 to 3349 feet: Shale: calcareous, olive-grey to medium grey,dense, soft, glauconitic, fossiliferous, (not abundantly),trace pyrite, and few random medium to coarse,round sand grains throughout. No apparent dip; afew gas bubbles and some pitting on mud sheath. Noother hydrocarbons.

22

Core No. 9 3465 to 3513 feet. Cut 48 feet Recovered 2 feet f4%)

3465 to 3513 feet: Coal: all brown, slightly dolomitic (?sideritic) withtrace pyrite, very hard bottom three inches, has twoinch bands (lenses) of dolomitic (t sideritic) sandstonemade up of medium to very coarse, subrounded torounded, fairly well-sorted quartz grains set in afine, brown-grey to pale brown, dolomitic (?sideritic)sandstone matrix. This sandstone is tight and has nopore space at alL No fluorescence in core or stainor cut. However a hydrocarbon odour is presentthrough the core. This part of the core is assumedto be the bottom two feet where the drilling ceased.The remainder of the core is probably loose, clean,unconsolidated medium to very coarse and granulequartz sand as in the coring cuttings, which washedaway.

Core No. 10 3800 to 3825 feet. Cut 25 feet Recovered Nil


4346 to 4351 feet: Sandstone: loose unconsolidated, very fine to coarse,dominantly fine to medium, well sorted, subangular torounded, clear and white quartz grains, no matrix.Quartz grains: 95% of the sample, rest calcite grains,coal fragments, glauconitic pellets, pyrite, few marlfragments. Few pieces brown to black coal, possiblycavings from fishing operation. Gas reading onsample - eight units on high, zero units on low. Distinct hydrocarbon odour present when core fell out ofbarreL No fluorescence or cut on sample.


4740 to 4748 feet: Sand: unconsolidated to slightly consolidated, mediumto coarse grain, subangular to rounded, quartz makingup 99% of sand - friable, non-calcareous. 1% coal,muscovite flakes, few chert and quartzite fragments.

Sand: as 4740 to 4748, with thin coal bands.

Sand: as above, but very fine to medium quartzgrains.

Gravel: quartz as above.

Coal: black to brown-black, no fluorescence or cut,slight odour probably from coal.


4748 to 4750 feet:

4750 to 4750 1/2 feet:

4750 1/2 to 4751 1/2 feet:

4751 1/2 to 4752 feet:

Core No. 13

5256 to 5261 feet: Sand: light grey to light brown-grey, medium tocoarse, subangular to subrounded, well sorted,friable, two streaks brown to black coal, calcareous.

23

5261 to 5262 feet:

5262 to 5271 feet:

Sand: as above but finer graine<b thin laminations ofbrown coal, cross bedding of 10 , less porosity thantop.

Sand: as 5261 to 5262, thin, brown to black coalseams 1/2" thick, pyrite crystals. No fluorescenceor cut, slightly salty taste.


5656 to 5685 feet: Siltstone and Shale: predominantly medium to grey,to light olive-grey, light green-grey, With thin bedsmedium to dark grey, brown-grey, micaceous, carbonaceous siltstone and thin laminated coal seams, somecross bedding, mostly flat, few stringers of thin, grey,fine sandstone, tight, pyritic, non-calcareous, coal onefoot thick at 5661 to 5662 feet and 5679 to 5680 feet; nofluorescence or cut.

Core No. 15 6124 to 6139 feet. Cut 15 feet Recovered 2 feet (11%) (Core rabbit jammed)

6124 to 6139 feet: Shale (Mudstone): medium grey, dominantly mediumdark grey (olive -grey), uniform, compact, With abundant plant fragments, fair hardness. Bottom sixinches: . thin laminations of black coal in brown -greyshale ·mudstone: pyrite associated with coal; gasbleeding from coal. Abundant plant impressions onrough bedding surfaces (concentrated on bottom sixinches interval). Interval similar to shale of otwayGroup (?).

Core No. 16 6447 to 6460.5 feet. Cut 13.5 feet Recovered 13.5 feet (100%)

6447 to 6450 feet:

6450 to 6451 feet:

6451 to 6452 1/2 feet:

Sandstone: light grey to light brown-grey, fine andmedium-grained, fairly well compacted, slightlyargillaceous, micaceous, pyritic, occasional grains ofglauconite, and sparse black coal

ofragments. Small

scale cross bedding With dips to 5 (porosityapproximately 18%; permeability fair).

Argillaceous Siltstone: brown-grey, contains abundant thin (to 1/16"), carbonaceous streaks and lenses,finely disseminated pyrite associated with coalystreaks, micromicaceous, sparse pyrite nodules to1/8", irregular fracture. Coaly plant impressions onirregular bedding surfaces.

Argillaceous Siltstone: as above with light grey toWhite, irregular sandy to silty lenses to 3/4" thick.

24

6452 1/2 to 6460 1/2 feet: ~iltstone: olive-grey, argillaceous and micaceous,contains irregular brown to grey carbonaceous patchesto :Y4" thick, finely disseminated pyrite, irregularpyrite nodules to 1/4" thick, contains vague, discontinuous, light grey, fine-grained, sandy streaksto 1/2" thick. At 6453 1/2 feet, slickensided interfaceo .dipping at 45 to the axis of core.


6747 to 6748 feet:

6748 to 6750 feet:

6750 to 6759 feet:

6759 to 6766 feet:

6766 to 6770 feet:

Sandstone (quartzose): light grey to light greygreen, fine-grained, fairly well sorted, slightlyargillaceous, micaceous, non-calcareous, contains fine,black coal fragments and brown-grey, carbonaceousstreaks - minor grains glauconite - finely disseminated pyrite (no dip). Porosity 16% to 18%;permeability fair.

Siltstone : olive-grey, argillaceous and micaceous,thin, irregular, black coal streaks to 1/2" thick, andirregular, brown to grey, carbonaceous patches,irregular, fine-grained, sand lenses and bands.Disseminated pyrite and nodules (to 1/4").

Sandstone: as above with abundant thin irregularcoal streaks (slight petroliferous odour).

Sandstone: as above - predominantly mediumgrained, cleaner than above. Porosity 20%; permeability fair.

Sandstone: as above, predominantly coarse-grained,cleaner than fine-grained sandstone. Porosity 20%;

permeability good.


7233 to 7234 1/2 feet:

7234 1/2 to 7240 1/2 feet:

Sandstone (quartzose): light grey to light grey -green,fine to coarse-grained, granular; predominantlycoarse-grained to granular. Very poorly sorted,kaolinitic matrix, flecks of mica throughout, pyrite,finely disseminated in fine fraction and as grains tol!l6", grains and flecks of black coal; porosity is 20%or 20%+, permeability good, drilling fluid stainscompletely through core. (Few scattered grains darkgrey mineral, fairly hard, chloritic?).

Sandstone: as above - alternating bands of mediumto coarse-grained sandstone and very coarse-grained to granular sandstone to 0.8" thick. Finer grainedmaterial, more carbonaceous and dirtier, alt8rnatebands outline cross-bedding dipping to 10 Withrespect to axis of core.

25

7240 ]/2 to 7246 feet:

7246 to 7249 ]/2 feet:·

7249 ]/2 to 7250 ]/2 feet:

7250]/2 to 7251 feet:

Sandstone: as above, but predominantly very coar segrained to granular, irregular, thin outlines markedby dark brown and black coal. (Plant impressionsnoted at 7243 feet). Pebble of quartzite noted at7242.5 feet.

Sandstone: as above, with alternating very coarsegrained and granular beds and finer grained bands,finer grained streaks

bmuch more carbonaceous than

micaceous. Dip to 10 •

Sandstone: as above, very coarse-grained throughout, cleaner than finer grained interval.

Sandstone: as above, granular, more matrix clayminerals, dark grey, altered grains (clay mineral),and a relative abundance of smoky quartz grains.

Core No. 19 7708 to 7731 feet. Cut 23 feet Recovered 23 feet (100%)Note: depth correction from 7712 to 7708 feet

7708 to 7709 feet:

7709 to 7710 feet:

7710 to 7717 feet:

7717 to 7721 ]/2 feet:

7721 ]/2 to 7722 feet:

Siltstone-Shale: medium dark grey to dark grey,carbonaceous, micaceous, dense, hard, finely laminated with light to medium grey, very fine sandstonesiltstone. Pyrite common as nodules. Plant fragments.

Sandstone: light grey to pale yellow-brown to browngrey, very fine to coarse, angular to subangular, withthin laminae of dark grey siltstone-shale, fairly hard,cross bedding, apparent dip 100.

Sandstone: light grey to very light grey to light olivegrey, fine to granular (coarser than 0.9-1.0 mm),angular to subangul ar, very poorly sorted, fairlyfriable, non-calcareous, made up of 85% to 90%quartz.Rest feldspar (5% to 10%), pyrite, coal fragments(chlorite?). Thin carbonaceous beds, very porous.At 7713 feet, veV well rounded, black shale pebble.Apparent dip 20 at 7715 feet. Possible repeatedgraded bedding - fine to coarse going deeper.

Sandstone: as for 7710 to 7717 feet, but more thin,fine b~ds of siltstone, medium to dark grey, present.Dip 20 . At base few pebbles present and carbonaceousmatter. Foreset bedding.

Sandstone: as for 7710 to 7717 feet, and brokenfragments of pyrite and coal. Good gold fluorescencein two-inch section which has strong yellow cut andhydrocarbon odour.

26

7722 to 7723feet:

7723 to 7724 feet:

7724 to 7726 feet:

7726 to 7727 feet:

7727 to 7730 1/2 feet:

7730 1/2 to 7731 feet:

Siltstone-Shale: as for 7708 to 7709 feet. Veryminor, very fine, light grey sandstone, and carbonaceous.

Sandstone: as for 7710 to 7717 feet.

Sandstone: consolidated gravel-pebble conglomerate, pale yellow-brown to brown-grey to brown.Pebbles very poorly sorted, dominant angular tosub angular, but few with round pebbles of dark greyshale and quartzite. Higher feldspar percent thanpreviously, very high porosity, brown colour due tofiltrate.

Sandstone: as for 7709 to 7710 feet, with few coalbands.

Sandstone: as for 7724 to 7726 feet, with thin pyritebands at 7727.5 feet and 7729.5 feet. Pebbles dominant at base.

Sandstone: as for 7710 to 7717 feet, but very muchharder and denser. Possibly siliceous matrix. Thin,dark grey, siltstone bands, very low porosity.


8678 to 8680 feet:

8680 to 8682 feet:

3000-4

Siltstone (argillaceous): brown-grey, very tough andcompact, contains irregular, light brown-grey, kaolinitic, sandy lenses to one inch thick, pyrite occursfinely disseminated and as irregular nodules to W4"thick, black coal streaks to 1/16" thick, and scatteredfine flecks of black coal. Black coal plant impressionson bedding surfaces: micromicaceous, sparse, fineand medium angular grains of light grey to whitequartz.

Sandstone: (grit) light grey, conglomeratic; predominantly fine to' medium-grained with bands ofcoarse grains, angular to subroundedquartzose sandstone to six inches thick; few pebbles of light greyquartz and dark grey greywacke, subangular tosubrounded, to W4" diameter. Pyrite finely disseminated throughout and as small irregular nodules;abundant very light grey to white kaolinite in matrixplugs porosity. Discontinuous brown-grey, argillaceous-micaceous-carbonaceous streaks to 1/2" thick;biotite, tourmaline (?), muscovite, dark grey rockgrains.

27

8682 to 8687 feet:

8687 to 8687 ]/2 feet:

8687 ]/2 to 8692 feet:

8692 to 8693 feet:

Conglomeratic Sandstone: light grey, angular, granules, pebbles, and occasional subrounded cobblesof light grey and white quartz, light grey-green, finegrained, compact sandstone, dark grey to green greywacke, and dark grey argillite, in a poorly sorted,predominantly coarse-grained, kaolinitic, quartzosesand matrix. Pyrite disseminated finely and asirregular nodules, grains of dark rock fragments,tourmaline (?), and flecks of mica and black coal; veryfine-grained streaks oUJline small scale cross beddingto maximum dip of 10; low effective porosity andpermeability due to plugging by kaolinite.

Conglomeratic Sandstone: as above - oil stained withgood odour; abrupt light yellow cut; fluorescence onvertical one-third of core.

Conglomerate: light grey, granules, pebbles andoccasional cobbles of light grey and white quartz,grey-green, and dark grey-green greywacke, darkbrown to grey With compacted pyritic argillite andlight grey-green, very fine-grained, well compacted(quartzitic?) sandstone in a poorly sorted quartzose,kaolinitic, sandy matrix (similar to above) (flecksof biotite, etc.).

Conglomerate: similar to above - few scatteredpebbles of quartz-veined dark grey chloritic schist and grey-green, well compacted argillite and whitequartz, etc. as above - in matrix similar to above only rock much more friable to crumbly (betterporosity?). Good stain throughout, good strong odourwhen freshly broken, instant cut, light yellow, goodlight fluorescence.


8693 to 8694 feet:

8694 to 8697 feet:

Conglomerate: light and medium grey, granules topebbles and cobbles of white and grey quartz, darkgrey, compact, fine-grained greywacke, light greygreen shale in very poorly sorted kaolinitic sandymatrix (as in base of Core No. 20). Fluorescenceno~ as extensive (small scale cross bedding dips to10 ), fluorescence with good cut as in Core No. 20.

Siltstone (argillaceous): brown to grey, very toughand compact, very carbonaceous, containing abundantdiscontinuous and irregular streaks of black anthraciticcoal - coaly plant impressions on bedding surfaces;bedding interfaces wavy and irregular (compactionphenomena); some shiny slickensided stylolite-likeinterfaces. Irregular pyrite nodules to ]/2" thick.

28

8697 to 8700 feet: Siltstone: brown-grey to light brown-grey, verytough and compact, slightly argillaceous, very carbonaceous, irregular vein-like streaks of anthraciticcoal to 1/4" thick; pyrite finely disseminated andirregular nodules to :Y4" thick; few light grey andwhite quartz grains, subangular, fine granule size.From 8699 to 8700 feet - irregular discontinuouslense-like bands of very fine-grained, light brown togrey, kaolinitic, micaceous sandstone. No apparentdip.

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APPENDIX 2


THE MID- TERTIARY FORAMINIFERAL SEQUEN CE

by

David J. Taylor*

CONTENTS

IN TRODU CTIONGeneral

Sample detail

FAUN AL SEQUEN CEGippsland Shelf No. 1 Tertiary foraminiferal sequence

Biostratigraphic units for Gippsland Shelf No. 1 sequence

CORRELATION OF GIPPSLAND SHELF SEQUENCEBiostratigraphic correlation with other Victorian sequences

Correlation With Victorian Tertiary Stages

Intercontinental correlation

Trans-Tasman correlation

DEPOSITION AL HISTORYDepositional environments

Sequence of depositional events

Palaeogeography

GEOLOGICAL SETTING WITHIN THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

REFERENCES

* Geological Survey of Victoria, 1965.

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3233

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39

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40

40

42

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43

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INTRODUCTION

General

This investigation was conducted on behalf of Esso Exploration Australia, Inc.,and Haematite Explorations Fty Ltd. At their request the section was examined in detail inorder to establish a standard foraminiferal sequence for further correlation in the offshoreGippsland area. The geological staff of both companies gave the author considerable assistanceand complied with requests regarding sampling.

Sample Detail

The well was drilled in 148 feet of water, some 15 miles south of the Gippslandcoastline. Rotary cutting samples were submitted from 780 feet to total depth at 8701 feet.Rotary cutting contamination was minimal between 780 and 4300 feet apart from the interval3050 to 3200 feet. Below 4300 feet contamination was sporadically heavy down to 8400 feet.It is noted that the 13 318" casingwas set at 2974 feet and the 9 518" casing at 6081 feet. Muchof the contamination below 4300 feet came from the interval 3400 to 3500 feet Where a "washout" was noted on the Caliper Log.

Eighteen cores were recovered and these were slabbed at the well site, so thata complete section of each core was received. The position of cores from 1000 to 4000 feetis shown on Fig. 4.

The datum for all sample depths was the rotary table given as 31 feet aboveM.S.L. All depths discussed here are those shown on the submitted samples and no adjustment has been made on E-Iog interpretations, etc.

All cores were sampled at two-foot intervals and cutting samples were examinedevery 50 feet with reduction of sampling interval where necessary. Normal microfossilpreparation techniques were employed. Prepared samples were exhaustively handpicked forforaminifera and other microfossils. If good faunas were found the fossils were sorted on togrid slides before specific determination of foraminifera was conducted. A comprehensivedistribution chart of some 300 species was assembled and this was later abridged to the formshown on Fig. 4. Where specific identity was uncertain or new species suspected, speciesnumbers were applied and representative specimens were mounted on species slides.

FAUN AL SEQUEN CE

Cores Nos I to 8 contained Tertiary foraminifera and the new species wererecorded down to 3800 feet. The new fauna at 3800 feet is regarded as uppermost Eocene,so that the Tertiary foraminiferal sequence extends from above 780 feet (first sample) toabout 3800 feet. No older diagnostic faunas were found, although a sample of Core No. 16(sample interval 6450 to 6451 feet) contained a sparse fauna of minute, nondescript rotalidforms. This fauna was not found in any other of ten samples examined from Core No. 16.

In recent years several Tertiary sections in the Gippsland Basin have beenstudied in considerable detail by foraminiferal workers. Jenkins (1960) studied the Tertiaryplanktonic foraminifera in the Lakes Entrance Oil Shaft; a vertical, hand-sampled section.

32

Carter (1964) built up a composite sequence, consisting of both outcrop and bore materialfrom the Longford, Bairnsdale, and Lakes Entrance areas. Carter's work is an applicationof his faunal unit scheme, which was based on the Aire Coast sections in Western Victoria(Carter, 1958). Wade (1964) has subsequently discussed the Tertiary planktonic foraminiferalzonation in southern Australia and has co-ordinated the work of Carter and Jenkins.

This previous work provided a firm basis on which to establish a foraminiferalsequence for the Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well. However Carter, Jenkins, and Wade all use thefirst appearance of forms in evolutionary sequence. Theoretically this is the ideal approachas it is in the direction of evolution, that is "up-sequence". But subsurface sections aredrilled "down-sequence". Where rotary cuttings have to be used for biostratigraphic determination, the first appearance of a species is the only reliable point in its range, because ofrotary cutting contamination. This first appearance is in fact the level of extinction of thespecies in the section. Obviously the "up-sequence" schemes have to be adapted to a "downsequence" approach.

The author has been working on this problem for several years, especially inregard to the onshore Gippsland Basin. A less empirical "down-sequence" approach has beentested py using the range and points of fragmentation and bifurcation in a number of linearlyevolving species groups. The planktonic series discussed by Wade can be utilized by thisapproach. The classic Orbulina universa lineage poses difficulties in that the globular shapeprovides almost maximum buoyancy and may be constantly recirculated as a mud contaminant.

Uvigerinid and bolivinid forms are common in the Gippsland Shelf sequence,though they are not common onshore, apparently for environmental reasons. Vella (1964) hasstressed the significance of linear development within these groups in the Tertiary of NewZealand. Similar, though not identical, lineages are recognized in the Gippsland Shelf sequenceand these lineages have been detailed. It is thought that the bolivinid and uvigerinid lineageswill be important factors in correlating subsequent Gippsland offshore sections.

Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Tertiary Foraminiferal Sequence

Vertical distribution of species groups will be discussed "down-sequence" withreference to summarized distribution of selected species as shown on Fig. 4.

(i) Planktonic species: Little change in the Globigerina spp. till 3400 feetwhere Q: euapertura first appears coinciding with the virtual disappearance of Q.woodi andQ.apertura G. euapertura clearly develops from Q.ampliapertura and this latter form ispresent below 3700 feet. The apparent lineage is Q.ampliapertura to G.euapertura toQ.apertura (s.1.). Jenkins (1960) shows that Q.woodi replaces Q.euapertura, and he includes(pers. comm.) ..Q.apertura (s.1.) within Q.woodi. Wade (1964) does not recognize Q.woOdi anduses Q. apertura The author feels that the two species can be distinguished and that Q.woodiis not in the direct Q. ampliapertura to apertura lineage.

The closely related species G.linaperta and G.angipora appear in associationbelow 3800 feet. In New zealand the range of the latter extends higher than that of theformer (Hornibrook, 1961).

Most members of Blow's (1956) Globigerinoides triloba - Orbulina universabioseries are present in the sequence. Orbulina universa is present in Cores Nos 1 to 5,whilst O.suturalis is present in Cores Nos 6 and 7, Such a distribution would be anticipated.

33

However below Core No. 7 there is no verified recording of Q.transitoria, Q.bispherica orG. triloba, although Blow shows these species to be ancestral to Q.suturalis and would beexpected to occur below O.suturalis. As subsequent authors, including Carter, Jenkins, andWade, have substantiated Blow's bioseries, it can only be concluded that the lineage is interrupted in this section before the initial appearance of the mature form of Q.triloba. Theimmature form of Q.triloba (eitherQ.trilobaimmaturaorGlobigerina woodi connecta Jenkins)is present below 3080 feet.

Globorotalia spp. do not occur above 1060 feet. The highest occurringspecies are mainly the keeled forms referable to Q.menardii. Q.mayeri is not presentabove 1700 feet and G.barisanensis and Q.conica are not above 2300 feet. This is the specificdistribution pattern shown by Jenkins (1960) and all these species are Within range ofOrbulina universa and O.suturalis. Wade (1964) places G.barisanensis and Q.menardiimiotumida Within the G.fohsi lineage so that the latter replaces the former as is demonstratedin this section. The ir=esence of G.lenguaensis near the top of the range of Q.mayeri and wellabove the top of the range of Q.barisanensis is consistent with the findings of BolH (1957) inTrinidad.

Below 3400 feet G.opima opima and Q.extans are associated With the coarseporedG.testarugosa not present till 3540 feet and becoming more abundant down the section.These three forms show a relative distribution in agreement with Jenkins (1960).

The Gippsland Shelf sequence reaches the top of the range of Chiloguembelinacubensis at 3540 feet With rare Guembelitria sp. below 3800 feet. Although this order ofoccurrence is similar to that in Trinidad and New Zealand, it is the reverse of Wade's(1964) observations for southern Australia.

(ii) Bolivinid species: Four lineages of bolivinids are recognized in thesequence.

One lineage is within a group of elongate forms which exhibit thickening andinitial widening of the test, accompanied by peripheral rounding and facial flattening. Theultimate form, Bolivina sp.2 is present down to 2100 feet and its range overlaps the thinner,more tapered B. sp.8, which is recognized at 1900 feet. !!: sp.8 is not encountered below 2700feet. A probably related form, !!: sp.12 occurs below 3300 feet. There is an apparent gap inthe lineage.

An outstanding element of the higher part of the sequence is a robust keeledbolivinid referable to Bolivinita, probably comparable With ~.compressa of the New Zealandupper Tertiary.

This form, Bolivinita sp. 1, is present down to 1600 feet and a less stronglycarinate form, !!: sp.2, replaces it. The chambering of ~. sp.1 and sp.2 is similar to that ofBolivina sp.2 and the less carinate nature of Bolivinita sp.2 suggests that the Bolivinita sp.2to sp.1 lineage branches off at the fragmentation level (i.e. 1900 to 2100 feet) of the Bolivinasp.8 to sp.2 lineage. This Bolivinita line age is obviously parallel to the ~.quadrilateralineagein New Zealand, but Hornibrook (1953, p.440) suggests that the New Zealand group wereimmigrants and he does not indicate development from a Bolivina stock.

Bolivina sp.1 is a compressed elongate form with carinate later chambers andraised sutural ribs. Below 1500 feet, the broader, more triangular form ~. sp.4 is present.

34

A similar form. ~' sp.9, with elongate ribs occurs below 2300 feet. These three species arewithin a definite linear development. The range overlap of species, though broad, is significant.

Below 3540 feet, the Bolivina pontis to B.anastomosa group is recognized. Theformer is clearly distinguished below 3800 feet. The development is similar to that describedby Hornibrook (1961) and Vella (1964) from New zealand. The highest appearange of~anastomosa is stratigraphically lower than that recorded in New zealand and slightly lowerthan other Gippsland Basin sections. Vella shows that B. affiliata is the descendant of ~'anastomosa and that the lineage may be surviving as ~.robusta. !!. affiliata is not recognized inthe Gippsland Shelf sequence, but the Bolivina sp.9 to l!. sp.1lineage exhibits similarities toB.robusta.

(Hi) UVigerinids: Vella (1961 and 1964) has made an extensive study of NewZealand uvigerinid lineages. Vella's approach is to place the species of one lineage within adistinct higher taxon. This has led to the erection of a number of new genera and subgenera within the family Uvigerinidae. This is the modern taxonomic approach. yet Vella'sproposed genera and sub-generahave not been generally accepted and probably reqUire greaterverification, especially with regard to apertural and internal chamber characteristics. AlsoVella stresses the endemic nature of his species. For the above reasons, the author hasrefrained at this stage from using Vella's nomenclature. The author has generalized thegeneric concept of UVigerina, but will attempt to place numbered species within Vella'slineages; that is within his propbsed higher taxa.

The Hofkeruva (Trigonouva) group are common throughout most of the Tertiarysection. The first form encountered, UVigerina sp. 1, is elongate and moderately costate.Subsequent forms (down section) are ~' sp.2, ~' spA. and ~' sp.8. The latter species ismarkedly triangular in cross-section and very simUar to the New zealand species "~".

miozea. This form appears at 2300 feet and is still present at 3000 feet. The general shapeand plate like costae o~ the large ~' sp.9 suggests affinity with the New zealand species "~".

dorreeni. As~' sp.9 is present at 3080 feet and ~' sp.8 persists to at least 3000 feet, thenthere is apparent disruption of Vella' s (1961, Text fig. 3) prOposed lineage if ~' sp.8 equals"~".miozeaand~. sp.9 equals "~".dorreeni.

~' sp.3, ~' sp.7, and ~' sp.l0 are all hispid forms probably within the genusNeouvigerina as explained by Vella. The three Gippsland Shelf species do not appear related.

(iv) Gyroidinoides: A definite series of the Q.zealandica group is recognizedin New zealand. ll. sp.l andQ. sp.2 appear unrelated to this group. But below 2200 feet thereis a form. 9. sp.3, which resembles 9.subzealandica, while below 3080 feet it is replaced bythe more angular form Q. spA equalling Q. zealandica (s.s). This is the New zealand orderof occurrence although Hornibrook (1961) shows that the ranges of the two species overlapconsiderably.

(v) Cibicides: Lineages within this group probably exist in the section buthave not been studied. Common species down to 2700 feet include ~' cygnorum. ~.medio

cris, ~.subhaidingeri, and ~.vortex. <;victoriensis is not recorded till 1500 feet and itspresence below 3080 feet may be due to contamination. C.vortex probably forms a lineagegroup as a ~' 'vortex form B' can be distinguished below 2400 feet. There is a marked changein the Cibicides fauna at 3080 feet, with the appearance of ~brevolalis, ~.perforatus, and <;novozealandica. This change is anticipated from Carter's (1964) and other Gippsland sections.

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(vi) Elphidium: The order of occurrence of the five recorded species ofElphidium are of significance, as four of them retain the order as recorded by Carter,although ~.crespinae would be expected to range higher. The fifth species, ~.~ (syn.Discorotalia arenea Hornibrook), is a new recording for Victoria, but is of limited range inNew zealand.

Biostratigraphic Units for Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Sequence

From the above discussion it is now possible to subdivide the sequence into anumber of biostratigraphic units, which are comparable with previously established biostratigraphic units, but are not completely equivalent to previous schemes, as, by necessity,. thisscheme is a "down-sequence" scheme. The biostratigraphic units applied are named zonulesas they comprise associ ations of species of various for aminiferal groups and are intended onlyfor purposes of local correlation.

Zonule A - ? to 1060 feet: As samples were not collected above 780 feet,the top of this zonule is not known. The complete absence of Globorotalia spp. identifiesit but this absence is probably due to environmental factors. The only species restricted tothis unit is Uvigerina sp. 1 which obviously develops from!:T. sp.2 in Zonule B.

Zonule B - 1060 to 1700 feet: The highest ranges of Globorotalia acostaensis,g.menardii miotumida, miocenica, and praemenardii are within this interval, but thesespecies could easily range higher in other sections. The related species Bolivina sp.2 and ~.

spA overlap in range. Bolivinita sp.1 is associated with Bolivina sp.1 and characterizes thisunit, although both species occur rarely in the higher unit. The hispid Uvigerina sp.3 appearslimited to this unit, and Cibicides victoriensis does not range above the base of the unit.

Zonule C - 1700 to 2300 feet: Marked by the highest appearance of Globorotalia mayeri and the limited appearance of g.lenguaensis. Within this unit is the fragmentation of the Bolivina sp.8 to sp.1 lineage with bifurcation to the primitive Bolivinita sp.2. Thehighest appearance of Uvigerina sp.4 overlaps !:T. sp.2 and the hispid form Q. sp.7 does notrange above the base of the unit. The ranges of such species as Elphidium pseudoinflatum,Gyroidinoides sp.2 and g.sp.3 extend upwards into this zonule and Textularia sp.3 appearslimited to it.

Zonule D - 2300 to 2700 feet: Characterized by the highest appearances ofGloborotalia barisanensis and G. conica. The two cores within this interval contain few- ---Orbulina universa, though higher in the sequence this form is abundant. Bolivina sp.9 isrestricted to this unit and clearly develops into Bolivina spA. The uvigerinid fauna consistsmainly of the hispid Uvigerina sp.7 and the triangular !:T. sp.8. Elphidium arenea is restrictedto this unit.

Zonule E - 2700 to 3080 feet: Has sparse faunas throughout, apart fromobvious contamination below 3050 feet. Except for Haplophragmoides cf. paupera, all speciesrecorded occur higher in the sequence. However the zonule criterion is established on coresamples which contain Orbulina suturalis without associated Q.universa, Just above thiszonule, Core No. 5 contains rare Q.universa, whilst Q.suturalis is more common. Thus,2700 feet is taken as the level of initial appearance of Q.universa.

Haplophragmoides spp. are common within the zonule.

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A significant feature of this zonule is the presence of worn Lepidocyclina sp.,Gypsina sp., and Amphistegina sp., with decayed fragments of bryozoa. The sediment is asandy one and is not comparable with the typical Victorian lepidocyclinallimestones (e.g.the Glencoe Limestone of Gippsland). Furthermore, Carter (1964) demonstrates thatOrbulina suturalis appears above and not in association with Lepidocyclina sp. in Victoria. Itis considered that these Lepidocyclina and other larger foraminifera are derived.

Zonules F and G are missing in this sequence. As already stated the Globigerinoides triloba to orbulina universa bioseries is interrupted before the appearance of the matureform of g..triloba and is recommended with Q.suturalis. The two significant missing eventsare the appearance ("up-sequence") of ~.triloba and of ~.bispherica. It is also noted thatseveral bolivinid and uvigerinid lineages appear to be interrupted. Moreover, fresh specimens of Lepidocyclina sp. and other larger foraminifera are not present, although they wouldbe expected immediately below Q. suturalis.

The absence of the expected Zonules F and G indicates a hiatus within thesequence.

Zonule H - 3080 to 3400 feet: Despite contamination down to 3200 feet,the fauna is impressively different. Globigerina apertura, and g..woodi, are still presentwith immature and dubious specimens of Globigerinoides triloba. At the top of and withinthe zonule, such forms as Cibicides brevolalis, g.perforatus, g.novozealandica, Uvigerina sp. 9,!;T. sp.lO, !;T. sp.n, Astrononion centroplax, and Anomalinoides vitrinoda occur. Arenaceousspecies are common with Textularia spp., Dorothia spp., Haplophragmoides spp., andKarreriella sp. The appearance of Karreriella sp. and Haplophragmoides rotundata withinthe unit may be biostratigraphic rather than a purely environmental feature, as these twospecies have not been noted at relatively higher levels in Gippsland sections.

Zonule I - 3400 to 3540 feet: Globigerina euapertura is positively identifiedat 3400 feet, and g.. apertura andg.. woodi are both extremely rare. Globorotalia opima opimaand g..extans are rare though important elements of the planktonic fauna. The benthonic faunais similar to that of Zonule H, except for the presence of VaginuL!nopsis gippslandicus andthe arenaceous Vulvulina sp. (probably referable to the New zealand 'y.granulosa). There is arich arenaceous fauna.

Zonule J - 3540 to 3800 feet: A strikingly different fauna because of thesmall size of specimens compared with the robust Zonule I fauna. The planktonic elementsare similar to ZOnule H apart from the presence of Globorotalia testarugosa and Chiloguembelina cubensis. There is a notable reduction in specimen size of the benthonic species whichalso occur in the two preceding zonules. Arenaceous species are rare. The highest occurrences of Bolivina anastomosa and the arenaceous Bolivinopsis cubensis are noted at 3540feet.

Zonule K - 3800 feet to ?: Fauna generally similar to Zonule J, butmixtures of Globigerina euapertura with the ancestral form ~.ampliapertura, and of Bolivinaanastomosa with the ancestral form ~.pontis, indicate specific fragmentation in these twolineages. This level also contains the highest appearance of the planktonic Globigerinaangipora and g..linaperta as well as the rare occurrence of Guembelitria sp.

Below 3800 feet: No new species were found below this level and all coreswere barren of foraminifera. Foraminifera were found sporadically in cutting samples below

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4400 to 6000 feet, but all species are referable to those Jound in Zonules H and I. Obviouslythese foraminifera are contamination and the fact that Vulvulina sp. and Vaginulinopsisgippslandicus are present suggests that the contamination came from the vicinity of 3500feet.

CORRELATION OF GIPPSLAND SHELF SEQUENCE

lliostratigraphic Correlation with other Victorian Sequences

A comparison can now be made between the Gippsland Shelf No. 1 wnule schemeand the biostratigraphic schemes of Carter (1958 and 1964), Jenkins (1960), and Wade (1964).This comparison is summarized on Fig. 4.

Zonule A - appears to be in a higher position than the top unit of eitherJenkins' or Carter's schemes. In fact none of the proposed schemes have a defined top. Thefauna of Zonule A is probably environmentally controlled.

Zonule B is within Carter's definition of Faunal Unit 11 as it containsabundant planktonic fauna. The presence of Globorotalia menardii miotumida and miocenicawith the highest appearance of Q.menardii praemenardii within the Zonule and Q.mayeri atits base, is indicative of Jenkins' §.menardii miotumida Zone (Zone 11).

Zonule C the highest range of Jenkins' §.mayeri supports comparisonwith Jenkins' Q.mayeri Zone (Zone 10). The occurrence of §.lenguaensis implies that thisis also Wade's ~mayeri Zone.

Zonule D the base of the zonule is designated to be at the initial appearanceof Orbulina universa, thus this unit corresponds with the defined base of Carter's Faunal Unit11. This unit is the equivalent of both Jenkins' and Wade's Q.universa Zone and the presenceof Globorotalia conica and §.barisanensis is in agreement With Jenkins' findings.

Zonule E the presence of Q.suturalis without .Q.universa is the criterionof Carter's Faunal Unit 10 andWade'ssuturalis Zone. This zonule is probably within Jenkins'Zones 8 and 7. At this stage in the sequence, Jenkins' zonation is too subtle to be achievedin a normally drilled sequence.

ZOnules F and G - missing in the GippslandShelf sequence, but if present wouldcontain the events of Wade's quadrilobatus qUadrilobatus Zone (= Zonule G) and bisphericusZone (= Zonule F). Carter has three units (9 to 7) and Jenkins has four (7 to 4) in thisbiostratigraphic interval, but in view of Wade's findings, it is felt that only two units shouldbe reserved in this down-sequence scheme. Carter diagnoses Faunal Unit 9 by the largerforamintferal association (including Lepidocyclina) and clearly demonstrates its positionrelative to the planktonic sequence. The author considers the association as one of thebenthonic markers of Zonule F.

Zonule H the apparent absence of GIobtgerinoides triloba but the presenceof immature forms (?Globigerina woodi immatura) with Q.wOodi is indicative of Jenkins'G.woodi Zone. This zone is the eqUivalent of Carter's Faunal Unit 6.

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Zonule I the highest appearance of Globorotalia extans and Q.Opima opimawith the positive appearance of Q.euapertura equates this with Jenkins' Globoquadrinadehiscens Zone (Zone 2). This is the equivalent of Faunal Unit 5, but Carter's main indicator,the adherent Victoriella conoidea is not present in this sequence.

Zonule J Chiloguembelina cubensis without Globigerina linaperta is theplanktonic criterion of Carter's Faunal Unit 4. Although Carter did not positively identify thisunit in Gippsland, he suspected its presence and lately Hocking and Taylor (1964) haverecognized it in limited areas. The highest appearance of Globorotalia testarugosa conformswith Jenkins lowest zone, but Zonule J probably represents a larger biostratigraphic intervalthan this zone. Jenkins recorded only five specimens of ~.testarugosa at the base of hisLakes Entrance Oil Shaft sequence, suggesting that this was the extinction level of the species.

Zonule K - Carter's Faunal Unit 3 is at the top of the range of Globigerinalinaperta so that Zonule K is probably at the top of Faunal Unit 3.

Correlation with Victorian Tertiary Stages

Carter (1964) has shown the relationship of his faunal units to a revised VictorianTertiary Stage Classification. As the Gippsland Shelf sequence zonules are equated withCarter's faunal units, then the zonules are made to fit the classification, although the authordoes not consider them to have any significance in discussion or future correlation of thesequence. For instance, Carter differentiates the Mitchellian from the underlying Bairnsdalian on a faunal change which resulted from shallowing water. With regard to water depth. onewould expect "facies step out" during mid- Tertiary times from the present onshore and offshore areas. As this is evident in the recognized Bairnsdalian (= Zonules D and ?C) it wouldbe expected in the Mitchellian. Recognition of the Mitchellian can only be achieved bydetermining upper Miocene. Direct faunal correlation is not possible.

Crespin's (1943) stage classification for the Gippsland Basin appears to be amore workable one, but is dependent on facieswithout real biostratigraphic consideration. Inthe Gippsland Basin, Crespin's work did not suggest time-transgressive sedimentation, whilstan application of Carter's faunal unit scheme did, as shown by Hocking and Taylor (1964).It is evident that Crespin's scheme is in reality a rock-stratigraphic one and will be discussedlater as such.

Intercontinental Correl ation

The sequence can be discussed in terms of accepted world-wide division of theTertiary period. Wade's (1964) thorough study of both the actual faunas and the massiveliterature, has placed the southern Australian planktonic sequence within the framework of t~e

European Standard Stage Classification of the Tertiary. More recent overseas literaturesupports her contentions. Discussion on these matters will be limited to comment on theGippsland Shelf sequence.

Following Wade's evidence. Zonule K is obviously at the top of the Eocene,Zonule J is lowermost Oligocene; whilst Zonule I occupies the rest of the Oligocene (Chattian).Glaessner (1959) andWade (1964) both argue that Carter's Faunal Unit 6 can be correlated withthe Aquitanian (lowermost Miocene) on its relative position in the planktonic sequence and thusthe Oligocene-Miocene boundary is below the general emergence of the distinct "Globigerinoidesform". Zonule H is considered as basal Miocene.

39

The absence of Wade's quadrilobatus quadrilobatus Zone (= Zonule G) andbisphericus Zone (= Zonule G) indicates the absence in the sequence of most of the lowerMiocene (Burdigalian). Wade places her suturalis and universa Zones within the Helvetianand her "mayeri" Zone within the Tortonian. Thus Zonules E to C are middle Miocene.Wade's mayeri Zone is equated with Bolli's (1957) mayeri Zone, which marks the highestappearance of Globorotalia mayeri and the incoming of g.lenguaensis. The top of Zonule Cis marked by the highest appearance of g.mayeri and the presence of g.lenguaensis. Therefore, Zonules B and A are probably within Bolli's menardii Zone and are taken to representthe upper Miocene.

From studies of Carter, Jenkins, and Wade, it can be concluded that a marineTertiary sequence is presentfrom the upper Eocene to at least the middle Miocene in southernAustralia. In the case of the Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well a sequence has been shown whichextends from the uppermost Eocene to highest Miocene, With a break during the lowerMiocene.

Trans-Tasman Correlation

The proximity of New Ze aland would suggest that correlation should be attemptedwith the Gippsland Shelf sequence. Jenkins (pers.comm.) is currently working on a correlationbetween the New zealand Tertiary planktonic sequence and that of the Lakes Entrance OilShaft. At this stage comment is premature, but certain features are obviOUS. It would appearfrom the descriptions of Hornibrook (1961) and Vella (1964) that Zonules K and J containWhaingaroan planktonic and benthonic faunas. A characteristic planktonic species of theWhaingaroan is Globigerinareticulatawhich may be con-specific with Globorotalia testarugosa.Jenkins (1963) places the Whaingaroan astride the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, which is thecorrelated position of Zonules K and J. Similarities also exist between the planktonic faunasof Zonule H and the Waitakian Stage which Jenkins (1964) suggests as the base of the Miocene.

Another correlation is the fact that the New zealand Upper Miocene is characterized by the entry of Bolivinita spp. ofthe ~.quadrilateraGp. Hornibrook (1958) points out thatthis event occurs slightly earlier in New Guinea. However, the presence of Bolivinita sp.1correlates Zonule B with the Tongaporutuan Stage of New Zealand.

DEPOSITION AL HISTORY

Depositional Environments

The generic and specific content of the Gippsland Shelf foraminiferal sequencehas permitted biostratigraphic breakdown, but also gives some key to the depositional environment at the time of sedimentation, especially if all facies (bio and litho) are interpreted together. Detailed sedimentology has not been conducted on the sediments, so that a morecomplete story must await this work. The palaeoecological significance of the faunas in thezonules will be discussed in ascending order.

Zonules K and J (uppermost Eocene to lower Oligocene):

These lie within a sandy interval which contains thin bands of carbonaceousmaterial (lignite and brown coal). Only sporadic faunas are recorded, but, when present,specimens are fairly abundant. The outstanding feature is the small size of the specimensand the dominance of. planktonic species. One thousand specimens were counted in each of

40

three samples with regard to the planktonic percentage. The results were: at 3560 to 3570 feet:70%: at 3730 to 3740 feet: 83%: at3805 to 3810 feet: 87%. Throughout the zonule the averagesize of specimens was less than 0.25 mm. The benthonic fauna consisted predominantly ofuvigerinids and bolivinids with a small percentage of arenaceous forms.

Such a high percentage of planktonic forms would suggest an open ocean environment, whilst bolivinid and uvigerinid forms are fairly dominant benthonic constituents of outershelf deposits. These conclusions do not account for the nature of the sediment, nor theabnormally small size of individual specimens. The explanation is probably that the faunasare "displaced", in that the tests have beenwashed into an alien environment. The sedimentssuggest shallow water, marginal marine conditions (lagoonal or swamp). If this environmentwere separated from the sea by a narrow barrier. then any marked sea-level rise (due tostorms or abnormal tides) could cause flooding by marine waters. Strong onshore winds wouldbring in the oceanic plankton and could cause turbulence on the sea floor, suspending emptybenthonic tests as described by Murray (1965). Under such conditions Murray shows sizesorting operates on the foraminiferal tests, thus accounting for the small specimen size inthe faunas. The sporadic distribution of the faunas within the interval indicates that themarine connections were not constant throughout the interval. This contention is supported bythe lack of any obviously endemic fauna, which would not be established if sea water werediluted by coastal run-off, when the cause of marine flooding desisted. Such conditions existtoday in the lagoons on the Gippsland seaboard.

It should be recorded that the delicate tests and the fairly homogeneous natureof the fauna do not indicate that it is reworked. The "displacement" is environmental and notstratigraphic, which is substantiated by previOUS discussions which show that the faunas arenot misplaced in the Victorian Tertiary planktonic sequence.

Zonules I and H (upper Oligocene and lowest Miocene):

The sediment is a marl, glauconitic at the base, With a marked faunal change.Planktonic, arenaceous, and lagenid species With robust species of Cibicides are the dominantelements. Even at the base of the interval the arenaceous forms reflect an absence of quartzsand as their tests are composed of smaller particle size material. Fairly shallow waterconditions, open to the ocean, are evident with slow sediment accumulation.

Zonule E (middle Miocene):

Calcareous sandstone with sparse arenaceous and mlliolid faunas with occasionalplanktonic species. Obviously a shallow water, swiftly accumulating sediment.

Zonule D (middle to upper Miocene):

Sand content decreases up the section, with marls and limestones present above2500 feet. With the decrease in sand the faunas are larger and the planktonic percentageincreases as does the percentage of uvigerinid and bolivinid forms. A deepening of thedepositional environment is suspected.

Zonules C and B (middle to upper Miocene):

Faunas and sediments similar to that at the top of Zonule D. Shelf conditionsare indicated.

41

Zonule A (upper Miocene):

The sediments are mainly calcareous, but are richly bryozoal. The percentageof planktonic forms is reduced with a marked absence of Globorotalia spp. There is anincrease of miliolid and arenaceous forms (virtually absent in Zonules C and B). Shallowingwater is evident. The environment is probably an inner shelf one, but certainly not littoral.

Biohermal accumulations are not present within the sequence.

Sequence of Depositional Events

This is illustrated on Fig. 5 for the Gippsland Shelf Tertiary foraminiferalsequence (from 3800 to 780 feet).

The base of the sequence is of uppermost °Eocene age. Sedimentation took placein a marginal marine environment (ex lagoons) with periodic marine ingressions. During theOligocene there was a general marine transgression covering the depositional area withshallow water. The fine-grained nature of the marl and the formation of glauconite suggestslow sedimentation and isolation from sources of detrital material. This transgression wasin fact a basin wide event which extended well into the present onshore area (probable sourceareas). During the lower Miocene there was a hiatus which has not yet been recognizedonshore. Sedimentation was resumed in the middle Miocene with t/.1e deposition of sand anddetrital limestone material. The limestone detritus contains worn bryozoa and largerforaminifera and is suspected to have been reworked from the Glencoe Limestone (referCarter, 1964) of the Longford District. There was a gradual deepening of water duringthe middle Miocene, With an apparent reversal of the trend in the upper Miocene. The postMiocene history is not known because of lack of samples.

Palaeogeography

Throughout this foraminiferal sequence the climate appears to have been atemperate one With current circulation as today. This is the opinion of Wade (1964) forsouthern Australia. Reed (1964) on the study of the Heywood No. 10 bore (western Victoria)feels that planktonic faunas described by Jenkins (1960) indicate warmer water conditionsfor Gippsland than those of western Victoria. Reed's conclusions are not borne out by theauthor's study of any Victorian Tertiary sequence, and certainly not in the Gippsland Shelfsequence, where the combined percentage of Globoquadrina dehiscens and keeled Globorotaliaspp. is never more than five percent of the total planktonic fauna in any sample. There areinherent differences between the western Victorian and Gippsland mid- Tertiary faunas, butthe author believes these to be palaeogeogr aphic, as Hopkins' s (1965) information suggests thatBass Strait may not have been a "through-way" between the Otway Basin (western Victol'ia)and the Gippsland Basin during mid-Tertiary times. Reed's figure 3 clearly shows that"west wind drift" currents moved south of Tasmania and that the Gippsland Basin would havebeen fed only by the "east Australian current" which also influences the west coast of NewZealand. It has been stated already that the Gippsland Shelffaunas are strongly "New Zealandic"in aspect.

The direction of marine influence was from the south and east throughout theGippsland Shelf Tertiary sequence.

42

GEOLOGICAL SETTING WITHIN THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

Jenkins (1960) has demonstrated a continuous sequence from lower Oligoceneto probably upper Miocene in the Lakes Entrance area. Hocking and Taylor (1964, summarizedon figure 4) show that the initial marine Tertiary transgression was of a diachronous nature,being oldest in the then structurally deeper parts of the basin and becoming progressivelyyounger up the flanks of structural "highs" (e.g. the "Baragwanath Anticline"). This transgression extended from the Eocene-Oligocene boundary to lowermost Miocene. Sedimentationon the "Baragwanath Anticline" probably took place only during lower Miocene and may nothave covered the entire structure. In other parts of the Gippsland Basin marine sedimentationapparently continued uninterrupted till upper Miocene and even Pliocene times. Thus on the"Baragwanath Anticline", two hiati are evident in marine deposition. They are (i) a hiatusfrom uppermost Eocene throughout most ofthe Oligocene, and (ii) a post-lower Miocene hiatus.

The Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well is drilled on the culmination of a seismicstructure and the results of drilling do not alter any of the general interpretations. However,foraminiferal evidence shows that marine influence commenced in the upper Eocene andcontinued throughout the Oligocene. But there was a hiatus during the lower Miocene andthen marine sedimentation resumed in the middle Miocene and continued to at least the upperMiocene.

The "Baragwanath Anticline" and the "Gippsland Shelf Structure" are roughlyparallel with their axes some 30 miles apart, yet sedimentation took place on them atdifferent times. For instance, lepidocyclinal limestones were deposited on the "BaragwanathAnticline"(as are seen at Brock's Quarry) at a time when a hiatus is evident on the "GippslandShelf Structure". Immediately follOWing this, reworked lepidocyclinal limestone is presenton the "Gippsland Shelf Structure" during a hiatus on the "Baragwanath Anticline". Otherdifferences are illustrated on Fig. 5. It must be pointed out that this figure illustrates only thedifferences between the two structures and is not intended to imply these features in anyother part of the Gippsland Basin. The depositional environment has been drawn relative tosea level on the basis of information discussed here and on unpublished work.

Envisaging these two structures as vertically moving blocks (as on Fig. 5),then the direction of movement must have been opposed throughout the period in order toaccount for differences in the Tertiary sequence on each structure.

With regard to lithological correlation within the Gippsland Basin, the follOWingconclusion can be drawn on facies similarities.

The facies which contains Zonules K and J are almost identical to those of thesandy unit at the base of the Lakes Entrance Formation in the Lake Wellington Trough(Hocking and Taylor, 1964). This unit is the time eqUivalent of the Greensand and ColquhounGravel Members in the Lakes Entrance area, although the facies are slightly different due tothicker accumulations of glauconite in the latter, which the author regards as an "estuarinebackwater".

The faunal elements of Zonules H and I are identical with those of Crespin's(1943) "Janjukian faunas" of the Gippsland Basin and especially of the Micaceous MarlMember of the Lakes Entrance Formation in the type sections. Crespin's" zonal" foraminifera of her "Janjukian" is Cyclammina incisa (= Haplophragmoides cf. incisal and the fauna

43

3000-5

is characterized by arenaceous species. This is one of the faults in Crespin's Stage classification as here" zonal features" are really facies features, yet it affords a quick identificationof the facies of the Micaceous Mar!. The author would place the top of the Lakes EntranceFormation at 3080 feet in the Gippsland Shelf Well. The base of the Lakes Entrance Formation (sandy unit) is difficult to pick because it is a sand on sand contact with the top of theLatrobe Valley Coal Measures and only cuttings are available, but it must be below 3540 feet.Hocking and Taylor (1964) suspected intertonguing of this contact in the Wurruk Wurruk bore,but Carter (1964) gives evidence of erosion at this contact in Woodside No. 2 Well.

The calcareous sandstone (3080 to 2600 feet approx.) containing detrital limestonematerial is not known elsewhere in the Gippsland Basin but is here explained on structuralgrounds. It could be considered as a new member of the Gippsland Limestone. The rest ofthe section to 780 feet is regarded as a deeper water facies of the Gippsland Limestone. Itstop is younger than that of the onshore unit but this is obvious because of "facies steppingout".

REFERENCES

BLOW, W.H.,

BOLLI, H.M.,

CARTER, A.N.,

CARTER, A.N.,

CRESPIN, Irene,

GLAESSNER, M.F.,

HOCKING, J.B., andTAYLOR, D.J.,

HOPKINS, B.,

HORNIBROOK, N. deB.,

1956:

1957:

1958:

1964:

1943:

1959:

1964:

1965:

1953:

Origin and evolution of the foraminiferal genusOrbulina d' Orbigny. Micropalaeontology, 2 (1): 57-70.

Planktonic foraminifera from the Oligocene-MioceneCipero and Lengua formations of Trinidad, B.W.I.v.s. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215: 97-123.

Tertiary foraminifera from the Aire District, Victoria. Bull. geol. Surv. Vict., 55.

Tertiary foraminifera from Gippsland, Victoria, andtheir stratigraphic significance. Geol. Surv. Vict.Mem.23.

The stratigraphy of the Tertiary marine rocks inGippsland, Victoria. Palaeont. Bull. 4. (Dept.Supply and Shipping, Aust.).

Tertiary stratigr aphic correl ation in the Indo- Pacificregion and Austr alia. J. geol. Soc. India, 1: 1-67.

Initial marine transgression in the Gippsland Basin,Victoria. A.P.E.A;' 1964: 125-132.

Geological interpretation - Bass Basin. 8th. Comm.Mining and Metal. Congr., Preprint" 110.

Faunal immigration to New zealand - 1. Immigrationof foraminifera in Vpper Cretaceous and Tertiary.N. Z. J. Sci. and Tech. B, 34 (6): 436 - 444.

44

TERTIARY FORAMIN IFERAL DISTRIBUTIONFig. 4

ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF Nol WELL(Obvious contaminants and remanie forms eliminated)

IObo 15~0 2doo 25'00 ~ooI I

3500 4000I I I I I I I

j C 0 R E S ,

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9PLANKTONIC

Globigerino operturoG. woodiG. euoperturoG. ompl ioperturo

I---G. onglporoG· linoperto

? 1-Globigerinoides tri lobo ~G. rUbraG. bispherlco - -G. QlomerosoG. tri loba ImmaturoGlaboratolio ocastaensisG. menardii miotumidaG. menordii miocenlcoG. menordii proemenOrdfiG. lenguoensis ~

G. moyeri1..G. conica

G. borlsanensisG· extansG· opima opima I- - -G· testorugosoOrbUlino universoO· suturolisBiorbullno 'bilobataChiloguembelino cubensisGuembelitria sp· -BENTHONIC

Bolivino sp· IB. sp. 2B· sp· 48. sp.6B· sp. eB. sp.98. sp.11 -B· sp. 12B· onostomosoB. pontis I---Bolivinito sp. IB. sp.2 -B· sp. 3 -Cibicldes cygnorum - ,L-

C. medlocrisC· opocus -C· subhoidingeri -C. vortexC. victoriensis .C. I vortex form BC. brevololisC· perfaratusC. novozeolondicoElphidlum crossotumE. pseudoinflotumE. orenaoE. centrlfugolis --E. crespinaeGyroidinoides sp. I .-I,-G. sp.2G· sp.3 -'--G· spAUvigerino sp.1 -U· sp.2U. sp.3U. spAU· sp.5U· sp.7U. sp·BU. sp.9U. sp.IOU. sp.11

ITextuloria s p.1T· sp.3T. spAVulvulina sp·1 -Darothio s.p.1

- >--D. sp.2Korrerlelio sp. -I-Astrononion centroplaxAnomolinoides vitrinodoVoginulinopsis gippslondlcus >--Bolivinopsis cUbensisHaplophragmoides cf, inciso -- - >-- - ~

H. cf. poupero - >--H· rotundoto - -

Gippsland Shelf No. I 1060 17~0 23,0 27,0 30rO 3400 3800 KSequence - ZONULES- A I B C D E H 13540 J IUPPERMOST

Proboble AGE UPPER MIOCENE 7 MIDDLE MIOCENE ~ MIO-OLlGOC EN E EOCENE

Comporison w'ith biostrotigrophicscheme of other outhors.

Jenkins(19601 ZONES 11 10 9 a a ?7 73 2 ILokes Entronce ShaftC~:~~r( 19641 F~~NAL UNI T 11 10 6 5 4 73Gi slond TertiorCorter( 19641 Victorian

MITCHELLlAN ? BAIRNSDAUAN BALCOMBIAN LONGFORDIAN JANJUKIANTertiory Stoges

To accompany AppendIx 2 by O. J. Toy/or



JENKINS, D.G.,

JENKINS, D.G.,

JENKINS, D.G.,

MURRAY, J.W.,

REED, K.J.,

VELLA, P.,

VELLA, P.,

WADE, Mary,

1958: New Zealand Upper Cretaceous and Tertiaryforaminiferal zones and some overseas correlations. Micropalaeontology, 4(1): 25-38.

1961: Tertiary foraminifera from the Oamaru District(N. Z.) - Part I - Systematics and distribution. N. Z.geol. Surv. Palaeont. Bull. 34 <no

1960: Planktonic foraminifera from the Lakes Entrance OilShaft, Victoria, Australia. Micropalaeontology, 6 (4):345-371.

1963: Eocene-Oligocene boundary in New Zealand. N.Z. J.Geol. and Geophys., 6 (5): 707.

1964: Foraminiferal evidence for the Oligocene-Mioceneboundary in New Zealand. ibid. 7 (4): 888-890.

1965: Significance of benthic foraminiferids in planktonsamples. J. Palaeont., 39 (1): 156-157.

1964: Mid-Tertiary smaller foraminifera from a bore atHeywood, Victoria, Australia. Bull. Amer. Palaeont.,49 (220): 43-104.

1961: Upper Oligocene to Miocene uVigerinid foraminiferafrom Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand. Micropalaeontology, 7 (4): 467-83.

1964: Some foraminiferal lineages in New Zealand. BerneSymp. Neogene Correlation - Preprint.

1964: Application of the lineage concept to biostratigraphiczoning based on planktonic foraminifera. Micropalaeontology, 10 (3): 273- 290.

45

"BARAGWANATH "GIPPSLAND SHELFFig, 5

ANTICLINE" STRUCTURE"

I I(i) uppermost EoceneMarine ingressions in

sea level logoona I enviranment ant-- - -- -- -- -- offshore st ructure

(ii) OligoceneMarine transgression on

sea level flanks of "Saragwanathf-- -- - - _.- Anticl ine': Shallow water

~ i conditions and lack ofdetritus an other structure.

(iii) early MioceneIsopic sediments on both structures,

sea levelGeneral transgression continues

-- -- - _. - -- -- with movement on offshore

I ~ [ I 1 [structure apparently keeping

pace.

(iv) lower MioceneShelf environment onsea level- - - - - - -- -" Baragwanath "i Anticline

~

(v) lower Miocene

sea level Lepidocyclinal limestone-- - - - -

on "Baragwanath Anticline:'

i ! Shallow water "shoal"

conditions.

(vi) middle Miocene

Derived lepidocyclinidssea le vel

f-- - -- -- - -- - - on offshore structure.

1 1(vii) midd le-upper Miocene,Gradual deepening offshore,then general marine

sea level regression in late Miocene,f-- - - - -- -- - -

DIAGRAMMATIC COMPARISON OF STRATIGRAPHIC AND

ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS ON BARAGWANATH ANTlCLI NE

AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURE DURING MID-TERTIARY

To occompony AppendIX 2 by a J. Toy/or

46

APPENDIX 3


PALYNOLOGICAL REPORT

by

John Dougl as*

Plant remains found in Cores Nos 14, 15,16, 19, 20 and 21 from Esso GippslandShelf No. 1 Well were examined. The samples were macerated by the hydrofluoric acidSchulz solution method, and the residues examined under the microscope for acid insolublemicrofossils.

Core No. 14

Microfloras present include Proteacidites sp. a, b, and c, and Nothofagusspecies including Nedlminuta Cookson. Upper and lower leaf surface cuticular fragments fromangiosperm leaves were also common.

Core No. 15

Microfloras include Proteacidites sp. a and b; Cyathidites sp., Tseugaepollenitessp., Alesporites sp., and unidentified gymnosperm pollen.

Megaplant remains identified as Pagiophyllum sp. were compared in the author'spreliminary report to ~.chambersin.sp. (Douglas MS), from Arco-Woodside Merriman No. 1at 5070 to 5081 feet.

Core No. 16

Plant mega-remains from this core were tentatively identified in the preliminary report as sphenopsid stems or rhizomes.

Core No. 19

Microfloras include Lycopodiumsporltes sp., Protracidites sp. a and b, Trioritescf. !.edwardsi, Rugulatisporites sp.

Core No. 20

No diagnostic microfloras were isolated.

Core No. 21

A very rich microflora was isolated from this core including Nothofagus cf.~.

aspera, Nothofagus sp. a and b, Triorites cf. ~edwardsi, Rugulatisporites sp., Ginkgocycadophytus sp., Triorites sp. a. Conifer pollens were most infrequent.

*Geological Survey of Victoria, 1965.

47

Age of the Sediments

Two main points can be made:

(i) No distinction can be made in age between any of the samples studied.

(H) A continental depositional environment is indicated by the apparent absenceof marine microfossils.

In the preliminary report on Core No. 14 it was stated that the age of the samplewas lower Miocene- Upper Cretaceous, and all microfloras examined from subsequent coresfall into this category, although certain species, for example Rugulatisporites sp.. indicate thatan Eocene-Upper Cretaceous age is most likely for Cores Nos 19, 20 and 21. Precise timeranges of many Victorian Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary microspores are not known.As no marine fossils indicating Upper Cretaceous age appear to have been found, and westernVictorian Upper Cretaceous sediments are predominantly marine, it is thought that the sediments intersected by Cores Nos 19, 20 and 21 would be best regarded as Eocene or Palaeocenein age.

48

APPENDIX 4


GAS AN ALYSES

by

J. Puchel*

~Production Test No. 1

From Perfor ationsComponent 3809 to 3814 feet

H and He Trace

o and Ar 0.122%

N 1.30 %

CO Nil

CO2

0.59 %

Methane 86.70 %

Ethane 6.15 %

Propane 2.81 %

Isobutane 1.00 %

Butane 0.447%

Isopentane 0.607%

Pentane 0.108%

Neohexane 0.024%

Isohexanes 0.138%

Hexanea Trace

H2S Nil

Note: Analysis by gas chromatography, April, 1965.

* Bureau of Mineral Resources.

49

Sample Production Test No. 2Flow: 3 MMcf/D Flow: 3 MMef/DDepth: 3752 to 3756 feet Separator Press: 615 psig.Time: 1300 hrs

0Date: 12.4.65 Separator Temp: 62 F

Time: 1315 hrsComponent Date: 12.4.65

H and He Trace N.De.

o and Ar 0.102% 0.09 %

N 1.30 % 1.50 %

CO N.De. N.De.

CO2

0.59 % 0.83 %

Methane 86.7 % 87.1 %

Ethane 6.15 % 5.38 %

Propane 2.83 % 2.98 %

Isobutane 1.00 % 1.03 %

Butane 0.447% 0.484%

Isopentane 0.607% 0.490%

Pentane 0.018% 0.015%

Neohexane 0.024% N.De.

Other Hexanes and Higher 0.238% 0.174%

H2S Nil Nil

Notes: N.De. - Not Detected

Analysis by gas chromatography, April, 1965.

50

Sample Production Test No. 3Depth: 3492 to 3497 feetSample No. 2Flow Rate No. 2Separator Press: 610 psig.Separator Temp: 46

0F

Date: 21.4.65Component Time: 0806 hrs

H and He N.Dc.

o and Ar Trace

N 2.0 %

CO N.Dc.

CO2

0.55 %

Methane 85.9 %

Ethane 5.78 %

Propane 3.03 %

Isobutane 1.17 %

Butane 0.52 %

Isopentane 0.62 %

Pentane 0.26 %

Dimethylbut ane s 0.01 %

3-Methylpentane 0.08 %

2-Methylpentane 0.06 %

Hexane N.Dc.

Heptanes and Higher Traces

H2S N.Dc.

Notes: (1) N.Dc. - Not Detected(2) Composition of the gas, as above, is quoted for the

sample on hand at the time of testing only.(3) Analysis by gas chromatography, 14th May, 1965.

51

Sample:

APPENDIX 5


CONDENSATE ANALYSES

by

J. Puchel*

Production Test No. 2Depth: 3752 to 3756 feet Flow Rate: 3 MMcf/DTime: 1300 brs Date: 12.4.65Sample Container: One gallon screw-cap tin

Component (%) Component (%)

N+O 0.01 2,2,3,3- Tetr amethylbutane )0.26

CO2

N.Dc.Trimethylpentanes )

Methane N.Dc.Benzene + 2,2,4 - Trimethylpentane 2.69

Ethane 0.27Methylethylpentanes + Methyl- )

1.06cyclohexane )

Propane 0.45Ethylhexanes + Dimethylhexanes 0.69

Isobutane 8.97Dimethylhexanes + Cycloheptane 1.10

Butane 7.39Methylheptane 2.21

Isopentane 25.60Octane 1.83

Pentane 0.92C

9Isoaliphatics + Toluene + )

9.80Dimethylbutanes 1.15 C

8Cycloaliphatics )

3-Methylpentane 5.78 C Aliphatics + C8

Aromatics + )8.16

2-Methylpentane 9.32C: Cycloaliphatics + Higher )

Hexane 0.48

3-Ethylpentane )2.55

2, 4-Dimethylpentane )

3, 3-Dimethylpentane + Methyl- )

cyclopentane ) 0.30+2,2,3-Trimethylbutane )

2,2- and 2,3-Dimethylpentanes )0.79

Cyclohexane )

Methylhexanes 6.22

Heptane 2.01Additional characteristics: Results from F.I.A. Chromatography mdicate ratIO

ALl PHATICSAROMATICS = 2 (approx.)

Note: N.Dc. - Not Detected

* Bureau of Mineral Resources.

53

Production Test No. 3

Sample: Depth: 3492 to 3497 feet; Sample No. 2: Date 21.4.65

~Time: ? Time: 0740 Time: 1050 Time: 1550 Time: 2340

Detail Sample No.2 Sample No.2 Sample No.2 ~ampleNo.2 ~ampleNo.2

Flow Rate Flow Rate Flow Rate Flow Rate Flow Rate

Component No.l No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5

(%) (%) (%) (%) /10)

Permanent Non-Hydrocarbon )0.11 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02

Gases + Methane )

Ethane N.Dc. 0.11 0.02 0.03 0.03

Propane 0.32 3.37 3.06 2.48 3.17

Isobutane 3.78 8.07 9.53 8.3~ 8.69

Butane 4.75 6.85 8.51 7.07 7.64

Isopentane 29.5 27.9 29.3 29.4 29.5

Pentane 1.43 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.90

Dimethylbutanes 1.49 1.14 1.15 1.~7 1.21

2-Methylpentane 6.65 6.23 6.02 5.84 5.94

3-Methylpentane + Cyclopentane 10.95 9.72 9.45 9.40 9.54

Hexane Dc. 0.35 0.33 0.37 0.28

3-Ethylpentane + 2,4-Dimethylbutane 3.28 2.55 2.18 ~.43 2.38

3,3-Dimethylpentane + Methyl- )

Cyclopentane + ) 0.92 0.35 0.23 0.37 0.21

2,2,3- Trimethylbutane )

2,2- and 2,3-Dimethylpentanes )5.75 9.52 6.8~ 9.92 9.60

+ Cyclohexane + Methylhexanes )

Heptane Dc. Dc. Dc. 0.37 0.27

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane + )0.32 0.35 0.19 0.22 0.23

Tetramethylbutanes )

Tetramethylbutanes + Benzene 3.77 3.21 2.66 2.98 2.92

Dimethylhexanes + Methylcyclohexane)2.34 2.19 1.54 1.82 1.83

-lMethylethylpentanes )

Ethylhexanes + Dimethylhexanes 4.36 3.55 2.79 3.30 3.49

Dimethylhexane + Methylheptanes + )2.74 1.95 1.88 1.64 1.97

Cycloheptane )

Methylheptanes 2.91 1. 75 2.75 1.59 2.05

Octane Dc. Dc. Dc. Dc. Dc.

1 Iso-Alkanes (Trimethyl- + )5.97 4.35 4.93 4.03 3.76

thyl-) + Toluene )

Other C9

and Higher 8.70 5.55 5.78 6.20 4.34

Notes: (1) N.Dc.(2) Dc.(3) a.

b.

(4)

Not De tectedDetected but unable to estimateSamples were supplied in loosely-sealed tin containers.Composition of condensates, as above, is quoted for the samplesOn hand at the time of testing only.Analysis by chromatography, 16th June, 1965.

54

APPENDIX 6


WATER ANALYSIS

by

Altona Petrochemical Company Fty Ltd

A bulk sediment and water test was requested for each of the four dump-tanksamples.

Results were:

Sample

Rate No.

B.S. & W. %vot

1

1

32

2

2

30

3

3

20

4

4

30.5

The above test was carried out by adding 50 ml. of toluene to 50 mt of sample,shaking, and then centrifuging. The B.S. & W. result was determined from the volume ofseparated water and heavier materials. In each case there were distinct layers of "clay",dark grey emulsion and water (in order of decreasing density). The hydrocarbon layer ineach case contained considerable light emulsion. The percentage represented by the variouslayers were:

Sample

"Clay" (as vol.percent of theoriginal 50 ml.sample)

Dark grey emulsion(as vot percent ofthe original 50 mtsample)

Water (as vot percent of the original50 ml. sample)

Emulsion in Hydrocarbon Layer (as%of the total 100ml. volume in thecentrifuge tube)

1

7.5

18.5

6

24

55

2

8

12

10

40

3

7

13

10

55

4

6.5

10

14

50

Additional tests to those previously reported have been carried out on the watersample submitted on 6th April, 1965.

The additional results are:

Carbonate

Bicarbonate

Total dissolved solids

Cl

Cl as NaCl

Ca

Mg

56

6 ppm.

540 ppm.

1380 ppm.

430 ppm.

710 ppm.

34 ppm.

25 ppm.

APPENDIX 7


CORE AND MUD ANALYSIS

by

Core Laboratories Australia Ltd

General

A Core Laboratories Australia Ltd combination drill cuttings and core analysisunit was present at the well site during drilling operations from 767 feet to total depth of 8701feet.

Using standard equipment plus a Programmed Hydrocarbon Detector (rapidsampling gas chromatograph) the drilling fluid was monitored continuously for hydrocarboncontent and the drill cuttings were checked at regular intervals for gas and oil content andlithology. Core analysis was performed by conventional procedures. The results of theseoperations are shown on the accompanying Grapholog and Coregraph (Plates 3 and 4). Coredescriptions are shown on the Grapholog.

Hydrocarbon Shows and Core Analysis

There were no shows of gas or oil from 767 to 3450 feet. From 3450 through 3800feet high mud gas readings, consisting primarily of methane with some ethane, propane, andbutane were logged. Cuttings gas readings were generally low during this interval suggestinga highly permeable reservoir.

From 4800 to 6109 feet samples were generally poor and the gas increases inthis interval might be worth further testing if found to be from sand sections. The gasincreases from 6550 to 6575 feet and 7825 to 7860 feet appear to be significant and worthyof further investigation. All gas increases from 7860 feet to total depth appear to be of coaland siltstone origin.

Good oil fluorescence was noted only in one-half foot from 8692.5 to 8693 feet.This sample gave an excellent cut in carbon tetrachloride; however, core analysis indicatedlow permeability.

57

APPENDIX 8


LIST AND INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRICAL LOGS

3000-6

Run No.

Induction-Electrical Log

123456

Microlaterolog

123

456

Sonic-Gamma Ray-Caliper Log

123456

Laterolog

12

Continuous Dipmeter

1234

Cement Bond Log

12

Gamma Ray-Collar Locator

1

59

Interval(feet)

687 - 15991400 - 30522974 - 43272976 - 61036086 - 76217421 - 8690

688 - 20081800 - 30502976 - 43302974 - 61006087 - 76227422 - 8700

688 - 20111800 - 30392973 - 43182973 - 60926085 - 76127560 - 8685

2974 - 61006087 - 8699

688 - 30492976 - 61006086 - 76207500 - 8685

2604 - 59883100 - 3478

3000 - 5997

ELECTRlC LOG ANALYSIS

Interval Porosity RwaOhms Fluid Content Lithology(feet) (%)

Gippsland Linlestone

3040-3046 22 0.03 Water Sandstone3046-3051 14 0.03 Water Sandstone3143-3147 10 0.035 Water Linlestone

Lakes Entrance Fornlation

3290-3296 37 0.225(?) Water Shale-nlarl

Latrobe Valley Coal Measures

3459-3467 30 3.8 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3467-3471 31 3.8 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3471-3478 33 3.8 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3527-3532 35 5.0 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3544-3558 2 5.0 Tight Dolonlite3564-3656 35 5.0 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3707-3718 32 8.0 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3749-3759 28 8.0 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3772-3778 28 7.5 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3799-3803 35 8.5 Hydrocarbon Sandstone3809-3815 30 9.0 Hydrocarbon/ Sandstone

water3846-3855 32 2.0 Water Sandstone3924-3932 27 2.0 Water Sandstone4045-4068 28 1.6 Water Sandstone4309-4318 26 1.0 Water Sandstone5473-5496 25 1.5 Water Sandstone5759-5799 30 1.9 Water/HC? Sandstone5935-5943 27 1.7 Water Sandstone6300-6311 26 0.045 Water Sandstone6731-6757 24 0.045 Water Sandstone7199-7261 20 0.045 Water Sandstone7514-7570 20 0.045 Water Sandstone7845-7854 19 0.045 ? HC Sandstone8281-8360 20 0.045 Water Sandstone8660-8666 20 0.045 Water Sandstone

60

APPENDIX 9


WELL VELOCITY SURVEY

by

K. A. Richards*

Introduction

In anticipation of the short notice which would be given prior to the actual dateof the velocity survey of Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1, Esso entered into an agreement withWestern Geophysical Company in January, 1965. In effect, Esso agreed to pay Western astandby fee on the basis that Western would furnish and maintain, at Sale, Victoria, thefollowing equipment:

Two Model GCE101 Pressure sensitive Well Geophones.

One S.LE. P-ll Amplifier (12 channels) with Input Switching Unit.

Test Oscillator, and Power Supply.

One Portable Camera (12 trace).

Necessary Batteries and Battery Charger.

Portable Developing System.

Two Blasters (Battery Type 300 volts).

Three Kaar TR 327 Radios (C.B.Type).

Two RC-5 Remote Control Units for Shooters Radio.

Two TA-12 Amplifier Units for Radio Time Break Recording.

Spare parts for above.

In addition Western furnished one instrument operator and one marine shooterfive days in advance of the actual planned shooting date. Western also chartered a fishingboat (apprOXimately 50 feet in length) from F.H. Stevens Pty Ltd to act as a shooting boat.

The survey was set up and then cancelled several times due to both operationalproblems on the Glomar ill and bad weather. These cancellations added considerably to thecost of the survey.

Survey Procedures

The survey was eventually carried out on 22nd May, 1965. Weather conditionswere very marginal at the start and deteriorated even further during the course of the survey.

* Esso Exploration Australia, Inc.

61

Shot Positioning:

Prior to the start of the survey, buoys were placed on both sides of Glomar IIIat distances of approximately 1000 feet and 1500 feet from the well site.Glomar III was anchored with an approximate north-south orientation andthe buoys were on an approximate east-west line passing through the well site.Due to rough weather, several of the buoys broke away, but they were replacedjust prior to the survey.

A reference geophone was lowered 25 feet below the water in the moonpool andwas used to record the water break.

It had been planned to shoot from the eastern shot points during the run into the holeand the western shot points on the way out. However, the Glomar III providedsufficient protection from the rough weather only for the 1000-foot eastern shotpoint, thus this was by far- the best shot point to use. In fact, during the surveythe other shot points, especially on the western side, were considered to be toodangerous to shoot with such a small boat and improvised eqUipment.

All nine shots were thus taken from the 1000-foot east shot point. Unfortunatelythe first shot destroyed the buoy at this location, and the distances had to beguessed by the shooter, a task which he performed remarkably well. Actualdistances were calculated from the water break, which was the original intention,whether the buoy had remained in position or not.

Charge Size:

It was intended to shoot 25 lb. charges from the 1000-foot positions and heaviercharges from the 1500-foot positions. An attempt was made to use the 1500foot east shot point for a 50 lb. shot but conditions at the time proved toorough.

The whole survey was thus shot with 25 lb. charges in the vicinity of the 1000foot east shot point.

Well Geophone Positioning:

Schlumberger had been using a specially designed motion compensating deviceto keep logging tools from moving up and down severely with the motion of thedrilling vessel. This device was used during the velocity survey and as far ascould be judged, worked well. Schlumberger depths were used in the velocitysurvey.

Instrument Set Up:

The seismic instruments were set up in a hold of the ship adjacent to theSchlumberger Laboratory. This afforded protection -from the Wind and spraybut resulted in some communications difficulty, and interfered somewhat withthe general operation of the Glomar Ill. Shots were fired in the normal manner.

62

Instrument Settings:

Seven traces were utilized on the survey records. Traces (1) to (4) recorded thewell geophone break. Trace (4) had the highest gain level followed by trace (2),then (I), then (3) which had the lowest. Traces (1) and (2) were recorded with aslightly higher filter setting than (3) and (4).

Traces (5) 'and (6) recorded the reference phone break. Trace (6) had a highergain level than (5). Both had a high frequency filter setting.

The time break was recorded on trace (7). The well geophone broke down andthe reference geophone broke up.

Results

Nine shots and a polarity check were taken (Fig. 6). Six levels were recorded,the 3458, 5372 and 7550-foot levels being repeated. Copies of the records are availablefor inspection at the office of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra.

Fair and certainly reliable breaks were recorded at the 2500-foot level on onerun and at the 3458-foot level on both runs. An apparently fair break was also recordedat the 4500-foot level. Below 4500 feet the signal to noise level was very poor and an obviousbreak could not be identified. However, the choice of a legitimate break narrowed itself downto two or three choices. Each possibility was calculated and plotted.

The noise level was high on all records and got worse as the survey progressed,due undoubtedly to the worsening weather.

The velocity survey results have been plotted on Figure 7. The integrated SonicLog curve has been tied to the 3458-foot level and also plotted on Figure 7. It is apparentthat the 2500-foot level falls very close to the subsequent curve. Also if velocity data fromnearest land wells (e.g. Wellington Park No. 1) are used to tie the integrated sonic curve thenthey also give a close fit to the curve of Figure 7. Thus we are confident that the integratedSonic Log curve can be tied to an absolute time value using the 3458-foot level.

Unfortunately there our confidence ends. Despite our grading of the quality ofthe 4500-foot level record, this pointfalls so far off the curve that it cannot possibly be correct.There is a possibility that 4500 feet was not the depth of the well geophone at this shot.Unfortunately this was one of the two depths at which Schlumberger was not checked by Essopersonnel.

As stated above, the deeper levels have poor signal to noise ratios and two ofthree possible breaks can be chosen. Thepresence of two records at both the 7550 and 5372foot levels helps narrow the choice considerably. One of the possibilities from the 7000 and7550-foot level record falls close to the plotted curve so that in all probability a true breakwas recorded here.

Conclusions

The velocity survey was successful in tying the integrated Sonic Log into absolutetime values.

The velocity survey was not sufficiently accurate to check the exactness of thecorrelation of each individual Sonic Log run.

63

Fig 6

Shot ~ole informotion:- Elevation, Distance a Direction from WellTotal Depth

LOCATION

[~~

Company Well Eievotion

® ® ® CD E ESSO EXPLORATION GIPPSLAND SHELFDarrick Floor Caordinates Section, Township, Range Cou nty Area or Field

• • • . Lat. 38°16'41"8<~oo X 1000 1000 X ~oo > AUST RAL lA INC. NO. I 31 ft. Long.147°42'45"E

Record iSholho~ T 6sd Vi Va Elevation Well

Numl>or Number Time of Shot Dgm Os tus tr Dgs H L i log cos i Tgs 6sd -V- Tgd Tgd Dgd .0. Dgd £::,. Tgd Interval Average Elemtion Shothote • .o..eReodine Rlkuity Grlllde Average Velocity Velocity , , " :

9 2 1325 2500 0 b.l6 0.334 F 2469 835 18° 41' 1.9764 0.316 0.31E o.31E 2469 7807 D. : : fi I A;md

958 ; o~ 11 Elevation Datum Plane I

b.n 3427 1130 18° 151.g776 0.440 0.440 .EIQVotionSho,1 !~------H ---

1 2 1100 3458 0 0.463 F 0.440 3427 7793 . - - . :6sd: I

8 2 1310 3458 0 b.22( 0.462 IF 3427 11m 17"48 1.9787 0.4401 0.440 I

1042 I ,

7 2 1300 4500 0 n.2l1 0.644 IF 4469 1055 13°17 1.988 0.627 0.627 0.627 4469 7131I

I ,0 I

0 I

POE itive bre k ide~ti icat ion npt POE sib le le e1 be 45 00 t. dl,le te re< uct io 1-' ~ ~.~ ~ 1 I , :was on ny ow a .. -0 0 I, , ,to noise lev PI Hbwe' er mbst tle cho f a b eq.k cbuld be rre wed de to two JJ_

.. . . I , ,- n cases ce n wn 1"''''.1.'-'.1. . .1.1....1."'''' S Ogm DOl' Dgd

Bec atisti al vsi s of thes e I ossib lit is en1ightening ch has bE cu1at, r

. J.-.:-fteI'' I 'ause a st ana es e en ca .1. 0 , '

L 'L0 , '

diE cussion rf>ad th~ ac lPor t.0 o '

corn any ng re 0 ,0 I

).22 11°41' '1.9909 872 \- , , ,3 2 1135 5372 0 0.621 5341 n05 0.608 0.608 0.611 5341 , I

, 0 ,

" " " " " " 0.720 " " " " 0.705 0.705 0.702 " 1 1 l2 2 1125 5372 0 ).212 0.625 5341 lCt)O 11°14' r.9915 0.613, 0.613 oQm = Geophone depltl mGQsJred trom well Clleyotion

" " " " " " 0.713 " " " " 0.699 0.699 Dg. = , . " .. shot .1628 o gd ' . '0 ., dol urn .

5 2 1215 7000 0 D.222 0.710 6969 l11C 9° 3' 1.9946 0.701 0.701 0.701 6969 0, ' Depth of II\0t

" " " " " " 0.799 " " " " 0.789 0.789 0.789 " De ~ Sno1hore t!levctlon to datum plane

550 H =- Horlzon'ol di~tor.ce from "ell 10 shotpoint

4 2 1155 7550 0 b.23< 0.840 7519 1175 8° 53 1.994 0.830 0.830 0.846 7519 5 ':: ~traloht 1if'18 'roY81 path from shot to «911 geophOt':8

" " " " 11 11 0.910 " " " " 0.89<; 0.899 0.894 " tu. .. Uphole time at sho·point

" 11 11 " 11 o 74g " " o 736T ;. Obst!r¥e~ time from sho'point to well geophone.

" " " 0.740 0 740 11tr , . 10 reference gQ.Qphonil-

h ? 1 ?2'i 7'1'10 0 .20 0 869 7519 102e 7°43' 1.9961 0 861 o 861 6e ;. Dlffere!lce in el6volion betwGer: well 8 shotpoint.

" " " " " " 0.896 " \I " " 0.88<; 0.889 'I .. " sho' 6 dot'Jm plane.6.5d '::

" " 11 11 " 11 0.739 " 11 " " 0.732 0.732 .6.sd ;. 0, - D •

Dqs = DiP'- Dst 6e; tani =~

10 1345 POLAR ITY CHE K T.B. -bm. N; REFE ENC PHON :<.-UP; WELL PHO I~E DOWN·Dgs- TCJS = cos j T=Vert. 'ravel time from shot el.v. to geophone

Tgd = Tgs±~=" " datum plane. "VDqd = DiP'- 6md

Vi6Dgd

::: Interval velocHy:: 6,Tgd

Va ::: Ay.(IroOt = ~T qd •Western Geophys~cal

Surveyed by: --- ..... --------- .... ----------Bo. 22/5/65 .Dote .•• ___ •••. _._ ••.. ___ •• ____ •• _______• ___ .•• ____

Weatherin') Dato:

Casing Record

I6081 ft.

, ,. ,

.. ,;

Fig. 7

',.i• _·'-t'

: : ; i -: ~:- ;f-- 1000'

95

"U'H ' "; t, ~ I.9 ~ ~!L .: : ~ : ~

901\;1.,. iB:'i' ,~ ; t .

SHELF-1

B580

'1;

GIPPSLAND

75

·1i:

TIME - DEPTH CURVE

ESse EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA INC.

70

ESSO

II

6560ONE WAY TIME BELOW SEA LEVEL

45 50 55

;M : i : ,< ' '.LO :: : I;!: ;L1:;,:TWO WAY TIME BELOW SEA LEVEL; i .

I• j l

40

i j! :0.8.j .. ,

3530

:0.6: : :

25

:0.5. : : .

. . ~.

20

: J; :0.4: ::1:' j'

151005

AVERAGE ANO INTERVAL VELOCITY - FEET PER SECOND

APPENDIX 10


PRODUCTION TEST RESULTS

Zone No. 1 - Perforated with one jet shot per .foot from3809 to 3814 feet

1. Clean-up Test through Separator

Time (l-hr 55 min;)

Average Temperature

Average Differential - Inches of W. C. (Corrected)

Average Static Pressure

Range of Separator Pressure

Choke Size

Orifice Plate

Range of Flowing Tubing Pressure

Fluid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)Rate per last hour of test

During test recovered 35.9 bbl of water (14.9 bblout of formation)

Gas per Day

2. Production Test

Time (2 hr 35 min.)

Average Temperature


Average Static Pressure

Choke Size

Orifice Plate

Range of FlOWing Tubing Pressure

Fluid Recovery- 750 BPD (Water with trace of distillate)

Gas per Day

65

1630-1825 hrs

81.60

F.

22.93"

640 psig.

640-670 psig.

1/8" positive

1.0"

1050-1100 psig.

345.6 BPD.

0.69 MMcf.

0825-1100 hrso

99.4 .F.

9.71"

441 psig.

32.5"64

2.0"

670-750 psig.

1.63 MMcf.

Zone No. 2 - Perforated with one jet shot per foot from3752 to 3756 feet

1. Clean-up Test

Time (1 hr 02 min.)

Average Temperature


Average Static Pressure (Corrected)



Choke Size

Orifice Plate

Fluid RecoveryRate per day at this Gas Rate

Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day

2. Time (1 hr 05 min.)

Average Temperature

Average Differential - Inches of W.C. (Corrected)



Choke Size

Orifice Plate


Fluid Recovery (On Meter Volumes)Rate per day at this Gas Rate

Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day


Average Temperature




Choke Size

1910-2012 hrso

55 F.

7.8"

597 psig.

570-660 psig.

1350-1480 psig.

16/64"

1.50"

17.0 BPD.

17.7 BPD.

0.96 MMcf.

0503-0608 hrso

54.2 F.

48.17"

611 psig.

630-740 psig.

20/64"

1.50"

1140-1260 psig.

68.0 BPD.

27.5 BPD.

2.475 MMcf.

0608-0710 hrs

45.90

F.

58.6"

567 psig.

560-650 psig.

16/64"

66

Orifice Plate


Fluid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)Rate per day at this Gas Rate

Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day


Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate


. Fluid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)Rate per day at this Gas Rate

Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day


Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate



Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day


Average Temperature

Average Differential - Inches ofW.C. (Corrected)

67

1.50"

1340-1370 psig.

48.7 BPD.

19.2 BPD.

2.54 MMcf.

0915-1040 hrs

50.1o

F.

33.5"

583 psig.

580-660 psig.

18/64"

2.0"

1090-1290 psig•

75.0 BPD.

20.4 BPD.

3.67 MMcf.

1225-1342 hrso

59 F.

59.7"

603 psig.

630-670 psig.

22/64"

2.0"

920-1000 psig.

74.0 BPD.

15.2 BPD.

4.87 MMcf.

1512-1800 hrso

68 F.

17.65"



Choke Size

Orifice Plate



Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day

601 psig.

575-660 psig.

28/64"

3.0"

850-1030 psig.

73.5 BPD.

10.7 BPD.

6.85 MMcf.

Zone No. 3 - Perforated with one jet shot per foot from3492 to 3497 feet

1. Clean-up Test through Separator

Time (2 hr 45 min.)

Aver age Temper ature



Average Separator Pressure

Choke Size

Orifice Plate

Average Flowing Tubing Pressure (Range 1200-1300 psig)

Fluid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)1900-1930 brs - fill Separator

1930-2200 hrs - recovered 6.0 bbl in 2.5 hours

Rate per day at this Gas Rate

Rate per day/MMcf.(Seas rough. Tank gauges not accurate)

Gas per Day


Average Temperature

Average Differential- Inches ofW.C. (Corrected)


Average Separator Pressure·

68

1915-2200 hrso

44.6 F.

34.3"

614 psig.

635 psig.

3/8" positive

2.0"

1260 psig.

57.6 BPD.

15.4 BPD.

3.77 MMcf.

0654-0815 hrso

48.9 F.

8.3"

604 psig.

623 psig.

Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size

Average Flowing Tubing Pressure (Corrected)(Range 1480-1490 psig)

Fluid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)

0654-0815 brs - recovered 0.9 bbl in 1 hr 21 min.


Rate per day/MMcf.(Seas rough. Tank gauges not accurate)

Gas per Day

Summary of Test - Best period of Test

Time (45 min.)

Average Temperature



Average Separator Pressure·

Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size


FlUid Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)

Gas per Day

3. Time (1 br 51 min.)

Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size



0950-1141 brs - recovered 2.63 bbl in 1 br 51 min.

69

3/16" positive

1.50"

1484 psig.

16.0 BPD.

16.2 BPD.

0.985 MMcf.

0730-0815 brs

45.50

F.

7.7"

607 psig.

617 psig.

3/16" .positive

1.50"

1486 psig.

Use same rate as above

0,948 MMcf.

0950-1141 brs

40o

F.

35.6"

628 psig.

642 psig.

3/8" positive

2.0"

1321 psig.


Rate per day/MMcf.(Seas rough. Gauge not accurate)

Gas per Day


Time (56 min.)

Average Temperature



Aver~ Separator Pressure

Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size



Gas per Day


Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size


Fluid Recovery (Tank Gauge Volumes)During the test the Oil Dump Valve cut out. Gas

and fluid throttled through valve causing freezingin oil meter. Fairly accurate gauges taken ontank.

1515-1803 hrs - recovered 8.6 bbl of fluid


Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day

70

34.1 BPD.

8.8 BPD.

3.86 MMcf.

1045-1141 hrso

41 F.

35.2"

636 psig.

650 psig.

3/8" positive

2.0"

1321 psig.


3.89 MMcf.

1515-1803 hrs

36.20

F.

15.0"

406 psig.

435 psig.

30.5" adjustable64

3.0"

1110 psig.

79.4 BPD.

14.8 BPD.

5.36 MMcf.


Time (28 min.)

Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size

Average FloWing Tubing Pressure (Corrected)(Range 1105-1115 psig)

Fluid Recovery (Tank Gauge Volumes)

Gas per Day


Average Temperature




Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size

Average FlOWing Tubing Pressure (Corrected)(Range 1228-1243 psig.)

Fuild Recovery (Oil Meter Volumes)Oil meter placed back in service. Separator was

dumped manually during test.

2232-2317 hrs - fill Separator to low dump mark.

1735-1803 hrso

43 F.

17.0"

417 psig.

446 psig.

30.5" adjustable64

3.0"

1110 psig.

Use same r ate as above

5.69 MMcf.

2232-0056 hrs

12.6"

406 psig.

437 psig.

26.5" adjustable64

3.0"

1235 psig.

2317-0056 hrs - recovered 3.46 bbl fluid

End of test dumped to low d. mark 2.02 bbl fluid

Recovered in 1 hr 39 min.


Rate per day/MMcf.

Gas per Day

71

5.48 bbl fluid

50.3 BPD.

10.2 BPD.

4.92 MMcf.


Time (31 min.)

Average Temperature



Average separator Pressure

Choke Size

Orifice Plate Size

Average FlOWing Tubing Pressure (Corrected)(Range 1238-1243 psig.)


Gas per Day

72

0025-0056 hrs

35.8o

F.

12.6"

416 psig.

445 psig.

26.5" adjustable64

3.0"

1242 psig.


4.92 MMcf.

PRESSURE P.S.I.G. AT 3755 FEET DEPTH

00 0 N ~ m Ciio 0 0 0 0 0o 0 0 0 0 0I I I I I °

1

" ---.:r-1 -----..,7.30 A.M. -o~

Z enCD ~

0,, - 7· 40 A.M. ~:j-l (")o3:

/0 -7·50AM

~0 -8·00AM

0~ -8·10A.M.

/0 -8·20AM.

r -B·30 A.M

Cl 1 -8· 40A.M.

=~ 0\, - 8· 50A.M.

~ ~~ I ~ 01' - 9· 00 A.M.

~ f2 ~ gjr JTI (f) 0

"U 0 rn ° - 9· 10 A.M. Z

~::o X \o rn (i) "U "U<.D~-r -l :0~ ~ ::g ~ 0 - 9· 20 A.M. 3: gcorn(f)~ \ f'T1 Cr _ (")~o:t>0 -l

!:i Z Z ° -9·30AM 0'']>0]> \ .. ZJTI I C~ "U (f) en

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ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF - I

PRESSURE SURVEY DURING PRODUCTION TEST

OF INTERVAL 3752 - 3756 FEET APRI L 12, 1965

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PRODUCTION TEST NO 3

INTERVA L 3492-3497 FEET. 1565 APRIL 20,218122,1965

1560- - 1560

I

__ --1 _

APPENDIX 11


ADDITIONAL DATA F1LED IN THE BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES

The following additional data relating to Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well havebeen filed in the Bureau of Mineral Resources. Canberra, and are available for reference:

(1) Daily drilling reports for period 19th December. 1964 to 4th June. 1965.

(il) Schlumberger well logs including the following:

(a) Induction Electrical LogRun 1. 687 - 1599 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 2. 1400 - 3052 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 3. 2974 - 4327 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 4. 2976 - 6103 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 5. 6086 - 7621 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 6. 7421 - 8690 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)Calibration Curves (2". 5" = 100 ft)

(b) Microlaterolog

Run 1. 688 - 2008 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)Run 2. 1800 - 3050 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 3. 2976 - 4330 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 4. 2974 - 6100 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 5. 6087 - 7622 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)Run 6. 7422 - 8700 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Calibration Curve.s (2". 5" = 100 ft)

(c) Sonic-Gamma Ray-Caliper LogRun 1. 688 - 2011 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 2. 1800 - 3039 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)Run 3. 2973 - 4318 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)Run 4, 2973 - 6092 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 5. 6085 - 7612 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 6. 7560 - 8685 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Calibration Curves (2". 5" = 100 ft)

(d) Laterolog

Run 1. 2974 - 6100 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

Run 2. 6087 - 8699 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

(e) Continuous DipmeterRun 1. 688 - 3049 feet (2" = 100 ft)

Run 2, 2976 - 6100 feet (2" = 100 ft)

Run 3. 6086 - 7620 feet (2" = 100 ft)

Run 4. 7500 - 8685 feet (2" = 100 ft)

(f) cement Bond Log

Run 1. 2604 - 5988 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

(g) Gamma Ray-.CoUar Locator

Run 1. 3000 - 5997 feet (2". 5" = 100 ft)

73

ESSO EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA INC., SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALESPLATE ISHEET I

COMPOSITE WELL LOG OF ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF-1PETROLEUM TENEMENT: P. E. P. 38 S1ATE : VICTORIA 4 MI. SHEET: SALE BASIN: GIPPSLAND WELL STATUS: SUSPENDED GAS WELL

LOCATION: Lat. 38" 16' 41' 5 Long. 147" 42' 45" E ELEVATION; 31' above M.S, L. (Reference point R.T.)Permanent datum M S L.Water Depth 148'

DATE SPUDDED: December 27, 1964 DATE DRILLING STOPPED: May 31,1965 DATE RIG OFF. June 4,1965 TOTAL DEPTH: 8701' (Driller)8691' (I. E.S.)

INDUCTION LOG DATA

DRILLED BY: GLOBAL MARINE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTD. GLOMAR illDRILLING METHOD: ROTARY

MUD LOGGING CORE LAB

LOGGED BY SCHLUMBERGER

CEMENTED BY . HALLlBURTON

RUN NUMBER IDATE 19 JAN,1965FOOTAGE LOGGED 912LOGGED FROM 1599

24 JAN, 19651652

3052

4

26 MAR ,196531276103

522 MAY ,1965

15357621

6

30 MAY,I96512698690

WELL HEAD FITTINGS· 13'/. x 5000lbs W P Well head capW/2" 5000 Ibs W. P. valve dnd marker buoy

LOGGED TO 687TOTAL DEPTH -ELECTRIC LOG 1600

14003053

29766104

60867622

74218691

TOTAL DEPTH - DRILLER 2018 3050 6109 7627 8693

HOLE SIZE CASING CASING SHOE - ELECTRIC LOG 687 688 2976 6086 6086

MUD-TYPE Bentonite Spersene XP-20 Caustic

TREATMENT ----- 1- -l- ___1---.:.A:::S~A~B~O~V=-E+----I_---+----+__---_+---___l

WATER LOSS ccs/30mlO. - 1-_~15:'-_-I--_~12c.:'·8:'-___1--..::6:,:·3:'--I---:.4·:.-1_+---..::4--1_---_+----+_------1WEIGHT ibs /cu It --- 1--_9::..:..7_---t_---=-9..::6_ ___1----:.1I:-.4~-1_----.:1::...1.4.:..--1_-::-1I:..-1_+----+__---_+-----1VISCOSITY (Morsh) sec. -- 1-_---=-59::..:.._-I--_.::45::..:.._ _I__-.-:4:::2'-----1_-~50::..:..-1_-4~2=-----1_---_+----+_---___1ph 7 8 107 12·8 108RIO 070 01 64 059 01 63 17701 60 0·69 01 80 092 01 63

~~dSI~~~~Wl m'fm --- ~~0~55~0~1..:9~2-+~0::.3~6:.:0~lc:I0::9~~0:::56~01~19~0'--J__':0'...'2='8-':0"-1=,22=-1-+_,:0'...'·2~5~0.'..:12:::3,,_1-+ +- --+ _RIO! 0·30 01 92 038 01 65 0·76 01 64 0·58 01 62 0·7' 01 62Rmc 125 0192 046 0165 0·75 01 190 060 01221 3·45 0162

SIZE36"26"17VZ 11

FROMRT302'741'3017'6109'8678'

TO302'741'3017'6109'8678'8701'

SIZE

30"

9'1e'

WEIGHT

310lbs196 "

1041bs167 "

54/lbs

36,40,47Ibs

GRADE

B-SS

B-SS

J-55 Butt

J-55N-80

DEPTH

284'

687'

2974'

6081'

CEMENT CEM~~TED

2800 Sks Oceon Floor

~g~,,5J:1. 3244'+03% HR.4 1Bond Log)

CASING SHOE - DRILLER 687 687 2974 6081 6081

MAX RECORDED TEMP "F. 9'2 109 190 221 231

PERFORATIONS CEMENT PLUGSRECORDED·'BY J P.OHvreau J.P.Ollvreau J POllvreou I Strecker 1Strecker

TYPE FROM TO No.lFI FROM TO CEMENTMognoJet

Magnojet

Magnajet

3492'3752'3809'

3497'3756'3814'

205'3350'5980'6620'8497'

330'3820'6180'6820'8697'

1905ks,2%CoCI,80Sks,4%H.R 470 Sks,4%H R4

OTHER LOGS

SONIC GAMMA RAY CAlIPER 1688' TO 86B5' RUNS I THRU 6)

MICROLATEROLOG I 68B' TO 8700' RUNS I THRU 6)LATEROLOG (2974' TO 8699' RUNS I 6 2)

CONTINUOUS DIPMETER (688' TO TO. RUNS 1THRU 4)

CEMENT BOND LOG 12604' TO 59BB' 6 3100' TO 347B')

WELL SYMBOLS

Pyritic

Corbonoceous

Cherly

Glauconitlc

CalcareousI,---CO_'I

I py I

I ch II C I

I gl IVolconic rocks

Melomorphic rocks

Micaceous

Cool

Igneous rocks

t==--~-=t=J

I mi I

I I

Evoponte

Dolomile

Mori

Colcorenile

Colc,lut,le

LITHOLOGY

L. I.. L L ~L. L. L,. '- LL. L L L L

L. L. L L L.Siltslone

Greywocke

Shole

Limestone

Cloyslone

t=--:-_j_.

E-..·-B"'-"

~

~--1J---

~Arkose

Conglomerole

8recclo

Tillile

Quortz sandstoner........I.........Blowout

Plugged Inlerval

Perforated Interval

Sldewall core

Core I m1erllol 1 numherand recovery

Casing shoe

Plant

Fluorescence

Oil show

Macro

Gas show

Circulation lass,partlal,and s.g mud

CirculatIOn lass, complete,and sg. mud.

Flaw into welland s.g. mud

<>

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•

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Micra Spare, pollen

SPONTANEOUSPOTENTIAL

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FORMATIONTESTS

RESISTIVITYohms-m 2/m

MICROLATEROLOG

o 100

900

INDUCTION

CONDUCTIVITYmlllimhos - m/m2= Dhm~o_o~2/m

20 19004 900

200

16" NORMAL

I

RESISTIVITYohms - m 2/m

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DRILLING RATE(MIN fT.)

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ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF - I

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P.T. #1. 3809'-3814~

• Gas at retes of upto1·63MMCF/D through32 5/64 " chokeWater 750 8 PD501.760 ppm. Cl

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RESISTIVITYohms-m 2/m

MICROLATEROLOG

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3800

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MUD GASDETECTION

ARBITRARY UNITS

010 20304050 60 70 80

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MUD GASDETECTION

ARBITRARY UNITS

>--:~~0'"....I ...0'"::1:8!:i\j....I~

SPONTANEOUS ~ c:; RESISTIVITY CONDUCTIVITYr.1I POTENTIAL gi!!: ohms-m'/m mllllmhos-m/m'=Ohm~O_O~'/m

3 millivolls ~ ~ I-------+-------t------~0. DIPS !: « 16" NORMAL 4 900 INDUCTION 0oil ....I ~ ~OL--------:2=-0 t

l90;;;;0:------;;;;90;;-0~

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~ - I-I + l5 ~ ~ 0 INDUCTION 20(j- I I U 1;; ~ t-t - - - - - - - - Wo

o • 4 5 O. 10. '0· '0· : : O~ 1-"---------- jo I • "o~wm~~~woo • "

r.1Iw0.~ DRILLING RATE

(MIN FT.)I-iii

PLATE 2

ESSO GIPPSLAND SHELF - 1GLOMAR ill

DAILY DRILLING GRAPH

DEPTH - FEET

o1 _.~.~_I---l-.• '~'~-'-~-.f-T-'.. - •.•.. -- ! .... --_ ..---~~ ..~ ~:.-+, -,.-.---'-- ..• ----,-. ...set 2 Ancbor.. 1600 Drop SbipAncbor.

1-.1. - ._-+- -----+-- •.t:r rr.+'-- -.- , .. -t' .. ~ ,.. -~.;..- 1----.--~t;t:I-' - , ,..-- -. ..

~ ~i§.~;'- ~~.~~~ ~.~~>Si ..C:,.:~~?i~~::",:CC···A.·:;~.;g:~~:,:'~~:::''''''~ 241-··· LEGEND:. B.".. --Run DP to Ocean Floor. 2' Penetration. Straigbten No.7 Anchor.a7 -.:! '--1 - •£a 25 -+_. . Straigbten No.8 Ancbor - Reave GLS.

i-= _.+--- Operation Total Days ·Wait on Weather(*Days) - .~~ ;~t ~-Hake up Drill A...bly.

~ ii~~- '.- ".C . .......... Drill 17," bole.~2'--::1-•..:-:-:_ A Install Mooring System 3.08

,~ - B Install Landing Base 3.57 . .•. Ream to 36".

~ .~:~-. : i :. C Drill 36" Hole 2.43 . : .. ' ::.0 (,_ 'I Run 30" caBing. Set at 284'.'>UI-- ••• D Run & Cement 30" Conductor 1.57 ::.;. r.':.,;. ...._ .Cement 30" w/440 liltS + 2~ CaC123-l~~ _ E Drill 26" Hole 1.85 I: I'" _-- R & C 20" C d 2 04 .- -. . I. L .• ~dll 17\,'. Ream to 26".'"; •.•. , F un ement on uctor . 7" ..

~ :: :::_. G Install 20" BOP & 24" Riser 4.60 . , .• :. : :. Weld 20' c..ing.2 H Drill & Log 17¥' Hole 24.30 5.11 ' .: F '" , Ilimniq '.nd cementing 20' caBins.3 I Run & Cement 13-3/8" Casing 1.78 .... Cement witb 1200 sacks witb sea water.

- I .. ! ~ "4'::::.: J Retrieve 24" Riser & 20" BOP's 1.50 . .."" ... -.~.. Diver inspected csg. head. Test BOP-on surface.S __ K Run 13-5/8" BOP & 16" Riser 9.50 -1-.---4-. ,.Work on BOP."'6-- - L Drill & Log 121(' Hole 42.90 2.48 . . '1" :-§ .._ .. j M Run & Cement 9-5/8" Casing 1.03 : .:.. : lE: :. Run BOP on Stripper Tool. Rig up counter weights.7 N Production Tests-(3) 44.19 6.72~. 0 Drill 8¥' Hole & Log 19.04 0.78

1I .;.,;' . : '(lore No.1 (1000-1028)

!! ... I P Plug and Abandon 4.37 . : ,~ ~ -- Core No.2 (1501-1528)10~i--' . 1~ WOW (18.2 hrs). Dr;i.ll to 1607.11 :. -: 167.75 15.09 1"""'-- • Drill to 2018 (WOW 6.5 hrs). No.1 Shackle on No.l anchor broke - Ship off location.

l~~t~ *Actua1 time lost due to weather ~ ..: WOW (24 hrs).c... 1311' does not include time getting P.U.M.C. (WOW 9 hrs). Work on M.C.:I> .'"H. ready for temporary abandonmenti ~i '~j:1 .-~&:::._Di·~~:~ -' 148 fr~~ -r'--;o_r: ~~t~~~b~~: ~nt~o_ o~~.r~t~n. ;:::~:t~::i L~:~:o~.~~~e;est No.1 Anchor.

_ l!~ . - . i ..-. . . ' ; . - Replace choke RX gasket.

~ l~ . _ . - --- .. : :". !. - I . ! :: .: "'st 20" BOP and work'on M.C.

l~ . : . ~ _. - . . :: ..::;: : ; H: Log.20~ - •..- ----. - ---- ----" + ------ 1--- -.-~-- , - ---t- --17 - Core No.3 (2024-2037).-,: ... "1-- ..... -- - I . i" ., 1--.: .. V' IDrill to 2427. Core No.4 (2326-2352).

:::: .... i·- •..~. .; .: ",/ ~':<~~::2:::';':':- ::;,: ::.=~~").~~~~: .:_~ .. ~'-~-r'::-~ ~_.: L-~- _._:-L~~~~ -~--~~. e- :: ~;~~ ~~O~~;~O~~)~so~~·2~ -. : :~.:. ::' : : : I' :. - .11 :: _: :I:' Ream to 1816' (WOW 17 bn).27 . .... . .. . .. . . t- . ... . I No. 3 Anchor chain broke (WOW 24 brs).

2,!! .. - ::'- ':-'1' .. 'jl .. :. ·1:' WOW (24hrs).29 .. . . . .. .. . . , .. WOW (20 hrs). Land M.C.~"':"':'-f-~--- -,,;..:- -'- -__ ~......L_:.':'_ ..- _.--~ .- Ream to 2453'.31:" ," - --.. .i : I ' . Ream to 3017'.

-i . j . t - : • Bun 68.J~s of 13-3/8" cas1ng.

~ ::. 1 I:. -,. l C_t w/2600 sx; 50llzcess.3· .. I I J ' Retrieve 20" BOP's & 24" M.C.

: '.r.. ._1. • --·-----t -·-T-·-- --~l~-.-.-· --:-~'j~~: ~dB~:e~i:~l:;·BOP.6 , I . . •. i· Ilun 13-5/8" stack.

!--.::::.-....:::. .. ... . I'" !K' Start Run 16" M.C.! -=:-=--:':. --- .. . .-.:..t.. I' Ilun 16" M.C.

~~ ~~~~ :: ;-:-T":~-~~T·:: 110 "',' :::i:~~:::sS~~:~:~:r:~~~~::e~·C. twice •

." l~f-:t~::- Test BOP - Diver run 3 boses.m 13h---' .. -•._-- .. -~ i~~-J--- .---.- ... - _.... ' ':':";"1-_ --)0 )~ -,,: ,..., ..__.• __ ._ .. ~__ . __ .... 1/... 1)ril1 to 3342'. Core No.8 (3342-3385.5::c 15 ~-_. :-----.. -_ .. - .: .:.:.:. I~-~' / :; / Drill to 3513'. Core No.9 (3465-3513).-< 16 :.::::: 1-:..':":::' -'''-'' - ... [/'_... Drill to 3825'. Core No.10 (3800-3825).~ 17 ---- . ,..,.. Drill to 4346'. Run Logs.

-.:, -- +- ....

18 .:-~ .. . :: Core No.ll (4346-4351). Well blew out. Killed and blind rams sbut.1 - ~: .....: :"-1---':" ----'-1- Cbecking well. for pressure build up.

2 ,,-,... Checking well for pre..ure build up.2 ~~-~ ~- Checking well for pressure build up.2tl .....- . . Opened blind r_. Set 13-3/8" retainer. Pull rber.23~1-:-.: ~-: ~--.: Recoveriq and repairing BOP atack at aurface.2tt~~ ~.- :.~ Repairing BOP atack.

2'- :_::-~-:: ~ :''- : Repairing and checking BOP stack.~6 - .•-- ..:-- _.. -- . -- Testing lOP stack. Run and land atack.~7~-:1-:-:-:-:-~., .. , . .. . Repairing and teating Regan latcb.-:.. _ ,. eh <-4- ~ • • • ~

2i =~=: .::..: ::: :;.J. :~ Runniq M.C. Miuq mud. Teatins K & C lines.11-- . -,- ,-- .. , . Finish running M.C. and repairing d_ge and testing linea.! :..~~_-: .=-" ". .:.: :.:_:. ~ .:.=:. Finished testing lines and manifold. Bridge plug recovered. Il1ser pulled due to leak.S --- - .... . . Repaired leak. Lended riser (ClC) v/diver. Dressed off Fiab 5'.t~.-._.. ... l' . Milling on flab w/overshot. Backed off in overahot. Match up. W.O. Fish.~ "-- .., ... •,- ., .. i" Recovered 52 jta of flab. Ran F.P.I. Rig up string shot.~ . ' .._~1-- -- ....:...:.:.:..+-=..:.... .. Backed off at 2925' and recovered fiab to thla deptb. Preparing to W.O. (WOW 5-3/4 bra).

! Washed over to 3549'. Backed off at 3525'.8 i· . . Washed over to 4095' when retums loa~. Pulled riser due to weatber (WOW 3 hrs).! .:~:: WOW (20 hrs). Ilun in to 3349'. CoRd. & c1rc. mud.

III --::: . Washed over to 4155'. Attempted screw in to fisb and backed off in fisb tool.ll-~I- - -_. - -....... --1-- . . '..:...:..,..:..- Backed off at 4051'. Ran D.P. to 4051' and circ. & cond. IllUd.12~-=-=:. -~:. -- , .. : :.-"r' -- •. , Pulled out wID.P. & bit. W.O. to 4167'.13 -:~:: . . - . -' :. Wasbed over to 4347'. Recovered all fish. Pulled riser (WOW 5-3/4 hrs).----s: 14 l' . . . WOW (24 brs).

~ 1 ! .' _:: : Landed I'laer. Le7iq down CB (,.4ad up). Pixinl leaka. I.I.B. v/bit.Q 16 ....:......:... . , . . .. Drill to 4370'.en 17 ..::: . : ? . Drill to 4720'.01 1" .: =--:- , :) : 'Drill to 474.0'. Core No.12 (4740-4760). Pull Riser.

19.... . .. - / .. Dl'ill to 489~'. Repair Lower Pipe Rams.

26" -. :. . . :. -h':· ': .. ;:-: "~::..:. :'Drill to 5079'. Bit No.7 under gauge 5/8".21 ---=-- .--:- f----;--:. ,-:-:----J

T",'-~-------:- .. .. Drill to 5256'. Bit no..1e plugged.

22 ., ;" Drill to 5442'. Core No.13 (5256-5274).23 .:.' :: : . - : -.. .:.: / :.. Drill to 5656'. Core No.14 (5656-5685).

::_ : : : •-1 " . -.:·1 <: .:::j • k(.:. -Dr~~~l~ot:l~:~~' •

26_~-:-:-:r---- ~-:"::h~ ~:.~-:: .":"':- 0 Log

:i:::: i :_. :.. ;:::. - :::, flah wear bushing, start runniq 9-5/fJ' caBing.

29 . .: .!. .' -f:::.. ':':", M: . Run 9-5/8" caBing & c_nt. with 800 aallks wUII 8~ Gel and n 1IR-430" 1.. :_ ",,!-::":.;.t·: Log31 _. _. :-~-~ I-:---:-r-: Run Model "D" pkr., run tbg., pkr set at 3787'.

1 ..... . , .. .. 4'-.... Displace tubing. Attempt perf. Schl. hung up & lose 19un. Back-flow gun out.23~~~ _....:.:. :~' 4_ Trouble w/Scbl. Bung up at 143'. Ped. 3809-3814' WO daylight to start test •

•. : I Open vell. No flow. Swb to 3500' wino fluid entry.4:..::.: . .' ., -- I . . . . • . . Reperforated 3809-3814. Well c_ in and on test.

5~' . ..:......:1' --:--·i----..:...: ~_.- --- Test No. 1 3809-3814. Kill well. SqueeEe perfs.6 -.. - . . . - .. . R.I.B. to condition mud. Test SOP's.

, . . : ~-:-:...:.. Set Model "D" pkr at 3651'. Pick up tbg. hanger (WOW 16\ brs).

~~ : • : . ' . I . I WOW Tba hung off above pkr (WOW 15-3/4 brs).9-1 . _ . . I ' Sting & disp. tbg. Run gun. Held up & lost gun. Leak in lubricator (WOW 5 hrs).10~':':' --- _.: ... : 1--.- ---.--1.:.. Run Scbl"'tllisf1re-lose gun. Pull Otis. recover gun. Secure well (WOW 6 hrs).11 .1: , Run gun & perf. 3752-3756. Test well (WOW 5lJ hrs.)12 Te,t No. 2 3752-3756.13 - I Kill well. SqueeEe perfs. Set pkr et 3420'. Run tbg. Break No.5 anchor chain.

:I> 14 I. Repair No.5 anchor chain. Ran tbg. (WOW 6 hrs).:B 15 '-:.:...:. .._:...- .:...:.._.~.~ ..- •. )-.g~'-- Land tbg. run gun - did not shoot. Weather waming (WOW 12\ bra).

F' 16 :: '1;i' .'. R.I. to perf. Did not due to weather. Pull riser (WOW 16-3/4 brs).8l1.7 . . _ ..:.- e- Lend riaer. Check BOP's. Run & lend tbg. (WOW 12\ brs).

18 -. .. .. - . Run gun - held up at 150' and loat. Ped. 3492-3497. Start test. Kill well. Pull riser. (WOW 7lJ hra).19 . _. . _... . Lend riser, displace tbg. Test No. 3 (3492-3497). WOW-2 hrs.20 ~.: --_. ....:...:..: -:-lftf Test No. 3 3492-34972l~::. - .1':::'.: .. Pinllb teat No. 3 Kill well.

22 :.~_+-~ :-.:.-_ li---. Squee.eped. Repair BOP llne to Regan. Pull riser (WlM 7lJ brs).23_ :.~ : I " ., . Broke No. 8 anchor llne. WOW & Point Coupee (WOW l7lJ hrs).24 .... 1 Repair No. 8 anchor. Att.pt to run W.B.25 ~..:._-:.~- ..-~: --i.' Attempt to run W.B. Repair hyd. llnes. R.I.H. to drill packer.26 I . .... Drill packer at 3420'.

27 I. :.: .: f Finisb drill packer at 3420'. Test pert. 3492-3497. Drill pkr at 3651'.2S .. \. "" .... !. Mill and drill over packer at 3651'.29 . :,::':: :: I' Recover pkr and junk at 3651'. Mill and drill on packer at 3787'.

30 '-.:..:..:.~-- . _ .. .---:--:-- -:-:-':'r-'" Mill on pkr at 3787' and recover junk.1 : j' : . . , Mill and recover junk from pkr. Pind leak in csg. & also hyd. lines.2 -r'--- ._. ... '.-i .. .. .-.:.....:.... Fish for junk, repair byd. llnes. Attempt set RTTS for squeeEe.3 . .. : . __ . [ : Leak between 3384-3581. Squeeu 150 sks w!RTTS.

4 .. : .. _ ~_~_~~.....I.:_ ~_ ~.: Test squeue-leaking. SqueeEe 150 sks.5 --- __.., I W.O.C. Test aqueeEe. No good. Squee.e 300 ske, no job.6 .' I' ,.,., SqueeEe 200 ske. woe. (WOW 6 hrs) Pull riser.7 . :.L· :.: 1_ ... _:..+-. i--- Pull Regan to surf. to repair (WOW 14 brs).8 I .::l" 'I Repair Regan. Diver repai r linea. Land Regan.9 , : i· : : , I . Run M.C. Drill out squeeEe. RunQlL No.2 Run bit. Rig to squeeEe.

10_ -- ·-t--_· _.... -i--- SqueeEe 150 sks w!RTTS. No job. Squeeu 150 sks.11 - : : • : . . . . . 1 . W.O.C •• Test csg. to 1500 psig. OK.12 .,~-. Core No.15 (6124-6139) Drill to 6221-~' bole.13 .! ' y.... .I . Drill to 6446'. .1(':: :: :::: : '_ I ... :: ::. : :. 1)rUl to 6602'. Core No.16 (6447-60.5)

~ 15__ -;-:-:---:::::--:---:--:-~t:--~-:-V' 1- Drill to 6773'. Core No.17 (6747-6773).16 . ., Drill to 7103'.

g'j 17 .. Drill to 7251'. Core No .18 (7233-7251).18 .' :~/:.. ,,- Drill to 7421'.19 . . ,T : Drill to 7484'. (WOW 9\ hrs) •20 Drill to 7575'. (WOW 9lJ hrs).21 l ~ . : : :: /. 'r:" Drill to 7627 - Run, velocity survey and log.22 .. ,I .. Drill to 7712' - Btm bumper sub leaking.23 -.. . k{: Core No .19 (7708-7731). Drill to 7826'.24 . . .. _. 'Drill to 7989' - Test lOP's to 3000 PlItg.25 :~ --:-:-:- . Drill to 8161' - Repair Pipe Racker.26 .. ,.' : :;.t - Drill to 8418'.27 .: :/. D:till to 8562' - Add 8-3/8" stabil1l:er.28 .. ' -1 .-. Drill to 8663' - Add 8-3/8" s~abil1l:er.

29 __ :''-:. Drill to 8700' - Core No.20 (8678-8693). Log.30 __ I- r-- Core No.21 (8693 -8701) LoI.31 -.. Set plugs 8697-8497, 6820-6620, 6180-5980, 3820-335-0. Feel plul at 3350, set plug 330-205 •

. ."" ."- 1_~~~ Pull Marine Riser. lOP stack.~ 2 _~ :... : - Retrieve 2nd collet end Saver Spool. Picking up anchors.m3..: Attach wellbead cap, pick up anchora, mark wellbeed.Ut 4_ .~.:..: DilJConnect sbip, free sbip's anchor, IIIOve off location at 10:00 hrs.

5

PLA.'!.E ~SHEET 2

£th..n.& P,op..n.,--------- - .:,:i!

NCB #4 CHRISTENSE~~~' ~DRAG CORE HEAO B%

I + NO RETURNS, WELLf BLEW OUT, K ILLEO

~+1I--------1WITH' CEMENT., CORE#11 4346-051 1

,~ REC: 2 1 AGGREGATEf---+~,,~------"_lDF ~: V FN-V eR E

. :f :~:C3~~E~~~:~:::'T~ "ROW'Hi"i'H STREAK

,BLOCKV.

l.~ll:-.-,.----"-l,N~~3 1~}C 12t"

SILTSTONE,MED TANBROWN BLACK,FIR_,

\~. FISSILE,V CARBOIII-~ t-"""~.~)})~--__--__~ACEOUS,V MICACEOUS

P':

HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS

Jol,,1 CIII & MelloCln. _.1ft. __ .!H0;"Wi.;----;

HOT WINE Tol.1 GII ' Met~lu (b, dllf,"n~.: _

ElrtTAoNICt ",.thln! _._ tlhlll'e _._ l2) Prop,n, _._ (])

Bullne_._,4j P~""n'__ (51 H..,"e_. f6'

l~=.!.~n!._ ••.5.0. __ .I,I,I,

i

! ~.

~~"~~~!~!:,_". _10...,,,,,,,,

3

REMARKS

r-_--=D;.:,:R::;lll:::IN~G~M~U:=D:.....::_:':"':::_+-_.-..:D::::RI~ll:...C:::U::.":.:IN:::G~S---_1 fORMATION DISCI/PTIO_,UIIIl./DlW MIII":/Dtr Un.I.,Dl.... M..I-, Dl.... /tIUD DATA,'

~..~~_&.!~'!.!.a!~_ .....5..._.. .~..... ........~':.._&!:.n~ •••••••••••_. ._. Dim STEM 1IsrS,._

DEPTH

~.

4200 hI-H~IJf--,--~---1

,

4 100 1-It-+-II'i-1--1~_+;---t,1-1

LITHoLoGY

DR1LLING

eTIVITY

f 2 , 4 5

DRILLING RA YEM/N/fT 181fT/HR 0

, «

J

C'

~ - j t:j 1 ~I-'! t .l, :~ 240f:~$~~~'~~-El-~-$+'-+-~:t!I1T11~,j-r~'~f~t+r:E+~,~,~~:,=i+j2351-?§'P'

.~=!==J=rj:.: I, 1 t' ""', ;!M!!b.!. AS ABOVE •'i.~-;--~l:-F+-:j..' I ; " ... =L..: l t 2351-21'"

:c -:- ~ 1:'1 -f _~~ f.=-t=l' :I. '_; . j) ~ j ! LIMESTONE,' AS ABOVE_--_ ~ r=- ~-j: I . ,----t~.:.-.t-- it,._- -=-_ t-+-+-fH" "]:,-,-7,-L-++~,±:-H i i .L. L ~-~~-- ~ _ ~: l~~~t:;:.~f t~~l= IT:: W_9:;'OAIt '2~:~46~

l ~-~= -- Tf:HJr :I I--=--~-:I-:~-,j;-t-~II-,-tr-,-.-,~--·--1~~~~5l:, A~~~~O

J ' ~ 250 1 PV-12 Yo-t6~ ',l~: !--:!l::L~ i, l,"':,~J "I' INITIAL GEL-20

........ - .:,~t:'r:::;.rt:t) ,~-:., t • ~l- ; ~~A~~:_~gL~6~LO~0

t---C: - :~ ~~~ ~,;: "1 Cl=!=. _,,~~ ~~, ,:i::i- .;..--'-__. ~.~L~ o!;:; 10 •

f.'- ;r~ ' -1 J-+-'r+--..-.-,-H -' i : . cl';

~._-.--- .....;.:- ¥.:' ~.- I--~--'---j-',t-, ~ ---:.:~:' I-r~~-'~ ~~~~VER~~~~;~m,

!-: ; ~ i~Lt' ~~~: ~' ~~~6_:~~~~~~N;~IV.:\0-0-... ;:- ~ 260·'t---t-t-jt--~-_~'1-~ 1-,...'-+I-lI-'-~--_--1gRy;CDAR$E-V CR.E,

~ ._, -- _-=-_ 08+0 - -_ I :~~t- ~ .L _l, : -- Q~:I::U~~;ostQ~~ITE,"-- _ ,CBI1 ~~~:S~-:r<'-It't=:t-:--::;--=:-t-=:::::j=l -,', L I WV "A TR, X; F AI RL Tr""tr~;~·"''''.' 'RR1'III T -+,~ ± ~,L ,J FRIAOL.,TReGLAuc~t;:: '~, "., C'~5 -, , , f ~:, '" FD•• FRA'.r:===i'~t=-:+"':~~--:+1: .,. i - ,."" 'T 'C GRAOING TO(2646-53IF' ~ - B#2 ~'r·'~.t-..,L-r=t=t=!t='::::::::::~===J=1=t! '" ' S ANOY LIMES TONE.II=:~" ,~-t:-f-:-.:== RR ~.. :-: +-'-' H-+-f- :! _~. j.. ~~ GAT WH-MED D. GRY,

I ~--t-~ 1--~ SPECKLED,FIR.,FAIA

6 L-L •.. ,.+,--1' 1-i--..~------lARGILL.SLIOHTLY· _ L_+-'=-:::-; -l -+ f-+~ .;...=~-=- I t - 1- FRIABL[,ABUNOANT~ ... '- .. -f --I - 1-- jL , --- Foss FRACS.

E' ;0' -+- '~:~: ~: 270 ,'~~. J~~:~~ I 'f' ...." SANOSTONE:LT_M..

,- ' I H~ 1- -----L l f -- •• OK GRV,V FN-CASE· -~ =: :. ~ - ts.~ .f- _ I r ! ~ _1- =-~-=---=.:-~--=-_ _ -- GRN,FRIABLE,WITH

~:: :I 1 'I-+-+--II--r~--L---.....:..j YARI AI!I LE L lilY ,S Il T"~ "~. _::: t::::c::;J. tt~.-1H:T R~I= " 1 I--~l ! .. ,a: ARGILL MATRIX,- --- L.L,-I . ,- ~ ... l~i -.- t ~ _ rRe Foss FRAGS a:-- - .~ ---- .,.-'-t. '-- -+ -~t-4-!~-1 I'-'---~- -~- ~--~ GLAUCONfTEpo

::?:= :- ~.:: ~' ~4~':iiE€1:H~ -;: • --:: _ C~~~~E~~~~~~96'~ - pSI. - ~ .~, . ~:±.= I ' '; ~~~4~~~~~~~~J~~;~~

t;::. ~ .'.-: 2BO _ ~ - ~!:! ~~ ~ '~~ ~ 2876-3050 1". ,~-.~ L - LIMY SANOSTONE:LT

-r t-1-;--1I--';-'.,-+".-t-'': .:;::+ ~:.. WH GRY-M.D GRY;CRS

• '. t ..... , ;~'~ ',: : t:: ~'''- :~N~~~E~~~;F:~~""

[>( -K~---------__4~~~;~:~~~~~:lt~~:N;- DS!0 -- =- - =r- -- MATRIX.VARIAIJ.LE

I-C()Il=::-f::--t",::-::--t-+Y--+-1 CB#.. ~ ~~~E2;~· 5 2630-55 CUT 25' -it--+=i-+-t-.,-...~:----:----l~~:~~~:+~~ ~.~~~S~,J. RR ~ C2'6 ! I 16' Ss, Cale, it gy, cse to Lt, +"~ H IIIN£RAL l:RJI;INSa

'_ ,..J:----- B#2 .J.. n,., - 1 vy cse 1, sub-rounded - r- GRADING TO:I---it'=-=-f===j---+"_l RR ~_ .. c:qO"'f-- I white. elr qtz, glauc LIMY MARLrMID-DKc--' E:::~ I 7' Ls, sdy, It gy, fx, arg , GRY,.D£NSE: LIMY

"-- ~: f- f-'.: :;~u;;"~0~~0~4~;')C1T ' ~: ~~~~g~~:'" _SA_N_D_Y

~ 2:i.... ~OATA

S' C::f' CORB tIO. 6.2876-96 CUT 20' -1!---- - 4.30.w 23-1-65_ r--L-1 . - RBC 10', cale Ss, It-med .. W-9.6 V-40

;:::d' gy, cse·vy cse, sUb-rnd, F-17 PH-7.6:=r= It-c1r qtz grns, fx fair ~SD-O.7·5~ CK-1

J~ :=r= . ~ po'o p«m. \ ~;2~68 Ay~~3

r ~, 30001-'t-t-I~-''11--_ -tt-~_-_.---'';-\.--1~~:~l=~~~~~~~~a.o~~. CB#2~. ':'SDL,os-10 CA+ i 320

I-I:-QRE-+'n"\;;;!::r"?=+---+-I qR _ EX: Cl7 - I 't'~:-+, :t:=+-,---f,--! ~-+::+: . \ RMFO.:> AT 7~FD~ "I '-~:~ , BI2 L';:~+=+:t~ r i& :. t \ C~~~t3E~~~0-~~50 1

I--~{--- ,.... - t-j~; R~ ~::.~. _c_~ ~--I,SANOSTONE:LT_MED-' . i !: P:i.." 'GRY,"'ED-CRS! CRN,

~.. [---~- .................:.- - ._. -~ /Sue-ROUHDED-RNDEO.

CI ~n~ tAS BEFORE,WITH FIN, I-II.J~ 2100 ,LIMY .ATRIX oo_CNA T

/ • • ~ > -l-IH:.0:.:-, ~""'"~ ,on ~jjj!jE;;:;;::: .• CO :l:.~~ I REC 9' ,- 6HALE:MEO ORY-CRY

\

~.. : I 2,5' Ss, Gale, It-med gy, 'C'R'i'E'N,SOf"T,VERY7f • I- Clr-wh-c1dy, cse- f=ALCA"EOUS 4 GLAUC~ r I vy cse, glauc, fOhs:r 45' Cale Sltstone to MUD D~TA

.... ., 3200, '\-'1 mad. "'ed~dk gy. sI 12.30." 14-2-65,.-l _. ,f('lSS, 51 glauc W-9.5 V-41

. _', 2' Calc Ss-sdy Ls, fx- F-14 PH-8.7

~50-0.5% C.-28-11,100 CA++-100~.V-15 PV-10

C-.... C0..l_ -"2 i -C403~,7 RNOEC· 7" 03f34S2-h3.38c.5j'Sc CUT :ro-10 INIT GEL-12

- ~~A~~:_~~Ll'~:L_O.O

5- I 'gy-med gIn, dse. glauc;, sI ~OL ID5-6

I'_- ~_ ". foss. sme sd grns RMF-O.62 AT 72F O

NCB 3 CHRISTENSEN

t~ "00 L....r:-lt-------, "RAG CO~E HEAO.

I er" • .----il------~ 3342-"85'5CO ),':~'"='r=,_- 2 _' RECOVEREO 7'

_,~'=' NBI3 HTC2. OS1i D j~~ I"T f---il------- OSC 3Ad 12i"

't-_ - _",,"NCB#~ b:..-~:o~~",_.a-"""T"--i lOO ~:A5 A'OH,LTCOIU .,l a = 1-~-+~JI'f-------1 '----t\------__~ >< ~ I ~ CIEENISH GRY,V tAL

C8 i t lB~~A~~~:~~'~:~~~;1---+--+ 7~1 "1" 1---+-------l.ME "'~ESENT AS

C- -- - _:1!.~ NBIf T t:' VE 'NS '" Foss FRA"

L 1 3400 2, C' mu. OF SCJlLE If---!l~,,------"? Ioi UNITS/OIV :' 5n ~ 3465-3513'I-'\--t--+~--,,''I Ifl"'0'F'-¥Ll'o'5"O'-------+---If---/I<-''------_' RECOVERED 2'

$ i i I cn -.:::.. ) - I ,CUTT ING. FRO. TH IS, I I V"",..",,- jlNTEFlVAL SUGGEST

~_-+__-+__+-_ir--rlH r-:-- i ~~~~:~~N~:~~~~g~~,~ ! I 1 ~~i~ 'l-:J. .....~~~ 200 __ !!c> ,~~T;4"~~~R COAL.

1-F"'=C'-OR-+~-+-+-+:~+lI,v + ·~J It, i~:~G:~ ~~::.ATDGRA "

I1 1/\ 3500,1---t--1

jJ\------1 1----+:,,:+.-:,-------t.R8A.DD..

" NB#J.J-..:--- ' ........==.. ::1 )1',' :>,..ll200~ "'".7 SANDSTONE. LT WH G.r"=+==+:::::t;;~,ill /~//,~.~po :l""""'- V LT GRY;LDDS! a:

.....~ I j .I ~...-- Y FRIABLE;LOCALLY

f: I I 2 • ~ 1-__+!i~"I--------1~~:D~~~:;~q::;::~~L---JP 11 ~ ""I SQ.TED,O.AlNS;WH, !i, Lllln CEMENT,LA"'.EL

L I 'I _,: '~ ~~__ 1---+\",\,'---------1i:~~~~ l::~:;~~~~~i=' ' 3600 .............. ~,...... f-__-It'-'F-/ 1SIDERIT'c.

l 'I' I 1 j 11 ( ~ ~ 1\\ ~. BRN-BL.,F1RW( (r I1 \ VARIABLY SILT.,.

MUO OATA '-f I : ~J j' \. I: 10 .. 16-2-65L , ./, _ ~ I---I!I/-'-----, W-9.7 V-38

;! _.,' ~~ 1----fI!"_-----f:i:~~~725 C~~~!::O5" I i I, / J 440... .~ A.V-15 Pv-10

400... ..~) 0-10 IN'T GEL-3, " \ IM 10 M,. GEL-20

\ I37001----lH-+-,I---4--4Ul,l.... (~~ATER-94%O'LO.O

, ?' i' I 400.. I :"SDL 105-6I ' • i R"F-0.56 AT BOFD

Ib i;l I ~2))~ (~\ .....~ n CORE 1f10 3BOO-3825

c' ,,, ) ""lj 'On: .d/ NO RECOVERY~ __ .,.vV' 1-__-t*',. ~f:UTTINGS FROM THIS

~- '-;- { (-,-- ~'Il" INTERVAL SUOOESTr ! 081.J..··· ( . ~?\ g~~EC~:~O~~O~~l·1 H

~C:illR:E::iI:16:...,:tJ..~-~~-~~1---~1~1N:~2 ~"2f1~ ~_::~:~---T-':"""::~~~~~~=-jsD TT ON 10'.

&.0 -- J-l--\:-!'~~'-j--i' ~,-jH' ,: i r'i=-I-~:~~~=:;::='Ic.. _ ~I;> ;!, 1 I' !' ~:-" -Io.J~~"'",---'--jNB #'5 HTC

.<,' 1 \, CORE NO. 9 3465~ 3ill CUT "':.' OSC 3GJ 12t"· , -: 48' REC 2' of bin Coal .

3900H~H-->')

- ~.,..- :! CORE NO 10 3800-25 CUT 2S' f~:, , :::::» ,j I' REC 0' . -!j''''_'_~_~-1

:c:~, ~: +- -, ,_,~: ; ~VLT-MEDORY- ,..~. ~ ,: ,FIRM,DENSI,TRACE

-l'~ : . ~ SILT,C:LAUCON.IT[,-l ~ . ~I .~ "'lIi.. & "YRITE ES"EC,AlL

:, ""'-~~7Jf----+-1"'S FOSSIL CASTS.3.). ., ~.4000t--H'-f-hM,yC--·----"-"_l 1---'-_-t__-.<lIi"" _t"C~O..A~L~. As "FOR ••

:

qr,,,-:1 SANOSTONE.As .EFDR

1-----t-,~"~----·------tR:~:~L&;:~~.~;::~ CRSE-V CRSE GRAINS

1-----+j~))---------i~~~:H CEMENT WAS~E

17 .MUJLD.AIA.1------'_ lOA. 17-2-65

W-9.6 V-37F-10.0 PH-B

~~--I~------------j~~g67~5~CA~~:§20A.V-12 PV-10

~--_~--- --~ig-~'NI~~~_~~L-4

~ ~~~~~;~i1~O'L-0.RWF-0.52 AT 7<iF D

,O"CASING SET At2B4'

O"CASINl: SET AT6B7'

c-J- nt"CAS ING SET AT-~~~ Z974'

,-:;~=t=9{" CAS Ilia SET AT" --'-;- 6081 •

~~I_<:'~!~!~~! ... -'Q.....:H"tWlr.,

R••

152,9-1710 '

LIMESTONE • A.

I~ -,-- ---- 1~2R-2018'

, ~. LT TAN-LT: ------ ---- PLIVIE,V 50FT,OEN81

I RACE FOSS.CUTTINCI OT COHER!""",MoREI ~LAY a: DECREASINGI . "'ReOftATE CONTENT-. ------~ITH DEPTH.

1

LITHOlOGY

.... - = ••

C:L,o,V ~m mlLOM!T~ ~

5H"U 1=====::1 CHf:RT l:a;a:a:1

"",.. C~;;g """0" EF±~

M.than.1------· .--.-.:,,,,

Elh..... &P.ap"n..+---------,,,::,,I

Unll./O\.... Mol 7'c {Dh"

~..!.a':..~!~D~"~~_ .._~~..._

cc_t= ~- '-:-- ~

-, ' ~ -+-:=--~~

f-i--i--

_.·1028-1501 I

LIMESTONE A' •• FDR,LT-MED GRY,MICRITIC.SO'T,Y FOSS,

r-----,~------------__1WITHYARYIN~ TRAcrCLAV,SILT,GLAUCO_-

I----J;/-- -1ITE.OCCAS IO"Al_ QUARTZ,AS COARSE

ANGULAR TO SU8r-----H-----,----IR 0 UN 0 ED GR'" rNS.

MUO OATAM'DNIGHT 9-1-65

~ MED GRY,SOFT,1-----1f--------------N FOSS.WITH YARYIN

MOUNTS OF SILT,t-----fil-----=-----l"L AV, 4 L ,.rE S TON E

TRINCERS AS AeOVE.

~--~----_-~0!!!Rl.!E:n1l'1 1000- 1028'REC. 14'

~_1501-152B'~__~--- ~ RECOVERED 10'. ----~,- ,-

MUO OATAh--..-;t1------'-;-'~.~ 6~65

:,' IN':9':r ---, \1-40-1-__-+ -1'F-16 pH-7.6

Sh5',t CK-2+ ~-7B10 ApV -12.5

1-J-~4--------I'pV-9 Yo - 7INITIAL GEL - 510 N'N GEL - 11

1-----.,.-------<-L,oWAT' R 90

%O'L 0.01--:-1!I------~%SDL , DS 10

,I. t ' ' L~ RMF O.5B AT 66D

F

1-:-l--+--1I---'----i

1-t--iil--------1 NCB 1 CHR ISTENSENORAG CORE HEAD.

NB #., HTCpSC ,AJ 12t"

r-~I------__4

SANDSTONE LT-MEo

1-----9-- f'CA Yt ME" o-CRS E GRff,~uB-RoUNOED TO

\ ~NClULAR.FRIAS-L[,I-----~-----------L-NEAY CALCAREOUS.

r-- ~------__----__17M~A~R~L: AS BEFORE,LT-MED GRY,V SOFT,GUMMV,OENSE,MoOER

~--'rJ-.----'-----tATELY FOSS,CUTT INQAR! NOT COHERENT

r--~_~ --IANO OCCUR CHIEFLYAS CLAYEY ~ELLETS.

IMESTONE LT-MED~RY.MICRITIC,POORL

!cONSOLIOATEO,Y Fos1------a------__4.,. IT H V A,RY IN G TR ... C

~tLT~CLAY~GLAUC

1----ll--------fN' TE.

~---

I i

~--

, -t-

;:;;; i i i~~i--~-: 1

M'-!l:!\ IC~LE

UOfND

CORE NO. 2 1501-28 CUT27' REC 10'4' Marl, It gy. foss6' Marl, It gy, sft, 51foss,LOST BOTTOM 17'

CORE NO. 1 1000-28 CUT_28' REC 14'TOP 4'; Ls, med·lt gyfx, glauc, fossNEXT 10': Mad, med-ltgy, dse, glauc, foss

-

~-,------

I

i

!

i

i

I.

!

~~..~~~.!~!.a_n. __1.0_.._,I1,,,,I

2


-'---'- -, -l

'+- =k~--T-J

Un;l./Dl Mal ,,"/DI...

~U!..~._&.!~n!.a~~_. ....5 .

-+~

t----'''-f---,-~,-~

1I0T WIRE Tol,l r:., Methane (by dlllenmee) _

£UCTlIONIC Methane _. _ Elhan. __ (2) PrDjllne _._ (3) REMARKSBul,ne_._(4} Penle"'_._{5) 11'11"'_._16)

1-----::D""RI"'ll"'IN:-:G:-M:-:U:-::D,.----r----:D""R".ILL,.-,::CU=T=TI""NG""S,,--~-1fORMATION DESCRIPTION,MUD DATA,

DRIll STEM TESTS, lie"

H-+....-------

i800I-t-+--I'I-----,....---I~1

oE~TH

i900 HHI-+.I-----'---__4

1

LITHoLoGY

DR1LL1NG

ACTIVITY

.LI

+-+1

"__ -1

ABBREVIATIONS

NB = NEW BIT RESISTIVITY, OHM· METERSNCB = NEW CORE BIT Rm = MUDCO = CIRCUlJ\TEO OUT Rm' = MUD CAKE

~: ~ rg~~LE~TmE1E~~IP Rml = MUD FILTRATE

~~ ~ ~~PR~~RNS MUO DATAOS =DIRECTIONAL SURVEY CK =CAKE THICKNESS 32ndsDC = DEPTH CORRECTION V = VISCOSITY API SECONDS

DD'THS CORRESPOND TO DRill PIPE MU,!UREMEHTS F' ::: FilTRATE APt CC'S.,,,gYBED FROM KE1.LY BUSHIN;W :::WEIGHT

S' = SAlINiT'(, ppm Cl

1 2 , 4 5+~--

DRILLING RATEM/N/fT 181fT/HR 0

-~ f-'

:l

,h.

-

~:::

-~F ,-~"

::;(;4.--,

';""

DEPTH UOGGEO FROM 767 ' -;;!i'":'c70"'-;!-l~'---..=.-_DATE: LOGGEO JANUARy 8.1965 TO MAY 31.1965CREW CHIEF i. ,j"CK."N-T. HuIIO"FlLE NO FL ,11~jLDRLG FLUID WE.TO•• TE-WATEIII To_'78_2__"

Xp 2O-8Pf''''(M-: To..87.Ol..-rr

SliEET IPLAfE 3

COR. LA.O••TO••ES, ••C.

MUO OATA, 7AM 11-1-65

... ~ i ~~ I.~~

190011

.;~=rffr '! I-~n_-~'-'~_:I--'--"II_~-:~_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-t_f'1'~-~~:;8 ::=:7

~c~~:I=-#+:::-,±L:~~' ,~,\ 1 i , 1--" .1._ ~-8B75 ApV-10,.'5_-,:-:-1 rr i ! ~V-8 Yo-7

. ""j IN It 'AL ~.L-5, ,: I j '+

f~~~fb't\~'='iji~'t"~-~'~" r' 10 .'''UT! G.I.-12I I t--.,--''''Jt~--'-~--'----f'ltw AT I! R gO~~=t,=t~~ I,~ =t= ., ~_" ~~DIL 0.0~1::j=l: ~ ± '~"~ ,T :·:i ~SOL I os 10 0

:r-::-" '; ~1~+- ~~-'l= i I ~-q..~~ _I ,...,. 0.3B AT76 •2000 1-' 1-- , 't' t', " - .: ~,=1= I t:-:t--.L- 201 B-2024 1

OS l' :-:.~_ '=4=~"A=t-~:-:-'~E I i 1-~-,~~+-·-:.:+!f-,1!J-:'-~:_-~:-.::.-~:L-,-,---t,~~~m~~~ 6~~TH.1----Ik±o--'--1--jf--HCB#2 +-- -'~. ~~ : -:-f-~~- 'i, ~ '~-" .,1- ~ .. : CORE'¥~ ~ 2024-2037'1i'~l/!li.Lj.1'~'-+-:*:~,.joo.IB#1 -1:~~§o=+.::.C:-.':jL..4';~..-t-.llt:L l ~ ~ ,=t::: I, I .. -I =+,-. RECOVEREO 51

I-'...'--j.r--l<-'-+--!.....+~+ti. RR ~~:_~~_~~=_=~_ ~ '-~: .=- .~ j ~~ -W + I--: ~}-:" -+-'~ i .. - ~~ cg~~ I~~~~~ENh.... , """ 1-' 1-::, ~,t:--,·, t. l' I.· ~ f t =t=:~,-:,,' -, 1-, ' . I, , .4'~''''T·.' ~~ " ~ 2034-2251'~.;:....-,- ',:.-' 1=*=*=M-'7.r-. t ± '~_L:,~j,,~~ti±h~~~~~,f't ~ --~- f-. '~-'--=--,:-,- ' " -I- ,LL,~ _~:LT_M[D 'RY,A.. '- _-~= 2100 - ~ 1 -~--~ t - 3b~~=F'=~:'~~tE TO

===t +--"--.J--'---!rERY FOSS, T I,CHT, Tft~~5"" . ~ l:c-i - , =1-::+ : ~ 'LAUCDN'TE.~-'f'-"~ -=='::'i - t=l=.- : ~~~BS~0~f3"a~~~~;~~~~T 13'.-=t=t- t, >.:..- 2120-2351 1

~-- -f ' ~~.-::-:" gY,sl glaoe_ firm, s1 fos _L - ---t- -t--_:· -~ L·IMESTONEIV~RYR~~F- -1- '_-1- Lost Bottom B' --!_-~-_... - LIl:HT-MEO GRV,SPEC

c-.:: : CORE NO. 4' 2326.52 CUT 26' I--I-,-i-t-jI--'-~LED,F1R. TO Moo HR ~- REC 21' r- -t-} . - BIOCLASTtC,,.INELY_----.C") I' Marl, mad dk gy, sl ..;t... I ' CRYSTALL IN! CALC IT

~?:1 1-_ 05' ~~~U~ed gy, vy foss l·tl,·~~L., J, ~"''''T.TRC CLAU. a'=--.~ 22001~=t=1:::jil= tlte, hd, tr glauc r ~+-:.. __L RGILLACEOUS,TICHT

+- 4' Marl, as above --I I ,No SHOWS.t=::.q'~ ~'"t ~ 1 MUO DATAI ~ -t 6.S' Ls, as above, sl arg _~ i\ 1-- 2.5' M.r1, as above 4.30PM 21-1-65

., -t c. 3' Ls, as abovE" W-9.2 V-45f--"""-J- .. : - - ,- I' Ma 1 b j

.------=" _ ~ 2.5' LS~ ~e~Sg;,O;:. sI =1 I' F-18 PH-7.2arg. si foss tr 1I--,-+-,,~,-t'-'-.-'2:.--1_SD-0.5:' C.-2glauc, hd, dse. N.S. ::j=j' 1,··' ~':'~ S-B946 A.V-22

Lost bottom 5' c*++--I-.,-+-'--"-'-I .-V-18 Yo-9IN'TIAL GEL -11

=-i= -=I--'l-i 10.'NGn-25- 2'00 ::.,.., +++-I-+---ljlWATER-94,co'L-0.0-, ,~ =1-- L l %SOL I.S -6

:::; - 'I=+-- I +-= - " RMF 0.58 AT 68D~

l-=-+=,+~-+-E1'·-: -l:=~+--~:~' .. I -=ff===ti C~~~ot:R~626;;~52-'

..I--=~-+-f'"'!lf"'-t-~+~: ..~ J ;L_*'±~ ::::4.:~: ~~~:- ~r~ ~:~ 12*"

PLATE ~SHEET 4

HTC OWS-J

SS;MED TO COARSEsue ANe_SUIiIRHOEO

MvY T~ COAL

N.B. #4~ OWC

SS:CLR TO WH.rl"ETO CRSE,ANI' TOSUIl-RNDED,UNCON

N.B. '42 OWC

T~ LT ~OlD TO VELLOW "LOA: _/1000CUT

iH.SLTSTICY,e.N,CAfltl!t

NB #36

-- ._- ~--

----- --

:l'-,,,'~.~--~----~ ~.B.#39 owe

\-- - .._-, -- ---

'\

t------.*"~---r----~~. I:-N:-.:::"B.----:i#r:"4-;"1"";;0::::W:::"C--,

1----- -

1----- - ,1----. -- .-;----,II

I1----.---'1-------....., SS:SUE CONS.Y~ QANt l LOOSE MED TOI CRS[ ANI Tp SUB

RNCtED,CLR QTlGBHS

SLTsT:e~N,GA',CA~.

:\.. :1, .

Goo:-- --"1/-:------.--. --Cu," ': ' .

.. :~

II

__. __ 1

; <!',j'.. f~.

5

HYDROCARBON AU"SIS

i~-_-ffin-r~_.-1t-,.-_+,......~--L~': LT-ME D DK or

CORE NO. 197708-31 CUT + t- I ; ;;~~:::V:~~;~~ wl& REC 23' CARBONAIEOUI CONTE T7708-09:Sltst-Sh, It dk j trRC PYR,FI .. _.gy,dsE,carb, I7709-10'8" it gy, bm NB #37 I'lTC OWS-Jvy-cgrn, sh lamtn. Lt'! A A7710-17.55, gy,frta, qtz ]: ;: _~ 5.45AIII 22-5-65grns, mic, coal plugs ---Ill--l--+--~,---I-- -113 V-507717-211,As 7710-17 1 -t-·· I J ! '-4.1 Ck-2except sme fgrn ~ I 1 pV-31.5 PV-31

;~~~l;~:rs~nA~"w~:~o~/ 1 ! OM~. ~~~~5G[~;212.yellow earb tet cut tl CA;;!;;'" 200 S-41007722-23:5ltst-5h as RMF-O.52 AT 68FO

~~~~;:~S/:~8;~~0_17 !l' t I NB #38 HTC OWS-J_'ij'~I----I-t---+. ~ t~1~E7~~O~,

. ~ r, 1~- i ~~~~ ~~~~(:I:~U~7t )t---+--~iit---+t-~,-------- - io=~~ ~~E;~ C~:~~~~w

1-- lliI---f_--i __ ". tR_E--;';-;C;-;T;;:';-;O-;:';;:-T-;:O~H-;:C;;L_'_i. r--; CARBIDE £!:!ill, + r W- '00 GRAM

0- 7800'HOT WIRE 90 UNITS

P.H.D. 40 UNITSLAG 2550 PUMP

STROKES

.v,P, \J ' ,

.-t!'l!lt"':"1<~-

~,' ""~f '0101 ~tl M!l~.~e D, O,'ferll"ce' _

'.,.~,,~'C "'!I""·_._ lt~.tI't __ 2 f'f1lPft_._I),

8.. Jn' __ r4) ~·"t."! ._'!il 1k.'''-~._1I

'!: 't ': j ~11 t

". , , '"'"'' 10

."c"·'_ .. .50

;~': • ~ 1-t---+--+o1-~_-+-T+-'T:---tI i, I '-j-' +

'~: , 1 H j

DEPTH

750

7900 I-HI-----+--:---~__:__I

7724-26 Ss. gravel,pebble cong. Yellow tobrn, poorly sorted7726-27'Ss as 7709-107727- 30jSs as 7724-26

l-. 7730!-31:5s as 7710-17C but harder, dse Vy. TR..... FRE£ PYRITE

7800~-t-++---+-' ,-ltr-+-'-'- ~- Y-BRH SH,SLTST •

...-,~1 " I ; it _L t~ , -. N.B. '40 OWS....... " I I ....~ SlTST:IR.. CAll'S

760Df--+-+~1+'

~

7400H--'--+-~-~~_"1

LITHoLoGy

'0

~~:- ,

o '

~p:

DR1LLING

ACTIVITV

, B

, 4 5

DRILLING RATE.,N/fr 1&1f7/HR 0

- ..~

-'t= -.

1-~.

-_ ~-C~ ...i

r--- .-

1---

1 r It " I,': 11 t - f

~'OO 1-4-~-!--\-r-"Ili~d::=:::-T-'-:----:--i _., , ..~..;t--~__ r"" - - j- I -f- i I 1-.: $S:CLR TO WH A••

II--'<-------<L-tH--t'-'''tt--·---rl-...,.....--+--.............t.r' ---:'H ! _~ " , "".... LOD" QTZ

.,11._H-R~_-.±:-:-.t~: -~.~ I :'1 t--:· TR PY.IT!

, ": ~-- -~-t' '-t ·t TO OY SM-TR CD'~

~ 1;""'1+1-1--1' -;; u..

1

· , I .~.- r ---I-~ ~ - f 1-:_- Ss:A! ABOVE

. I ~E~#$~=t=f=i=;BSI.· • a ~Yr---:r-:-'. "i-J' .. _,;, 8400 • _ t r-f= I -.r·- <:;:.: -j--t t- .0011•••• "LTY 1NL"

1---r-1;;.+' I I . '=-- -- -~,'I : 1.;j .L=~:;;;:~-f:4"i+_~~:DS,!D:::::J. ~ r--- - r::-;= I~ __ ;71 . NB45 ~t=:=I.. - ~ c.:: -- . : '::':t= i I H-~ I~ ~1'1 _1. t ;_ N8 #45 HTC W7RI--':::;~r-h., 1 --~';;'-' "1: J:: SHALE,T'H, ••N_ItRH

L I-t #-- ~ - ~.CAA•• PY".IHTEIIIr-=r-:-:r-.-1ItJ:" r_~ . r---" e-'" :~~ I -+.:.- !~ ~ -+ -=.f .'DES ./SILTSTONE=--: ~ t Co.=-' __ I-- __ ~t-:: 'j ~..--+--c=--. Il!.:+ ,-- '" V"H ORH~.

r---: F'ot..:., --- - ir---t-::\--I'~,:,I--t:._-~~ 11--:::±= -- -t~l-l'\:.:.j l:f:::::f----'~r~.__ Os,,'.--:-.- ~" -: I"" I r-::r-=- - .:.t",~-=r- --L: NB #46 HTC OWS1--f--t-i;;;;1I'~"'---.t--;--tr1 "0_' 8500 I-I--- t-t- _ --l.:I!! I' .. __ _ t ,_ ~ SANDSTONE A. AID'"

I--::-r-- -~ ~I-""- ; NI'l4,p.. ~-p. - -,- I i 1'- =- ~r----i )-l---! ~~~~.~ ..~=:~! ..~:~ ti F"T ~ '; '.-.. IJl' r- CORE NO. 20 8678-9~ (RECIS) ! I t -t F· NB #47 HTC W7R

l~f!~II-i~j~ ±. t---t-t-tl!tt"'t:l:,....='ropz' SILTSTONB,bm gy, I' NB #48 IiTC W7R

__~- I···-=:·L tough,w/irreg pods _ --t-J i L r ~A...!.O.1----- f"llih t; 1_, •

-~'-1 ~~ kaolinsand,pyrite t-----r-- f ,~t W-11.2 V-41

::s.... --+ "~B47 r----~~ _ -:. -::~7' SANDS~o~i~ ~~a~y, tn+-t.r_: 1j ~;U8 ~t~8- l --'.... !ti' gn-conglom, dom an~--+" :-_~., >- --< __ Yo-2 IMIT GEL-5

+ '1 r- 8600:::' --t - r::r - --t-. 1-1-11 i ,1--'1-- -I- '" -. Al0LK~0'•• 2Q<L-P~_11-- ~fft~~l~=;"!i· ,.:'-- --+- . '";\1-! .-' ; C,,j,+120 S-46e4§=f=- t -- """1"- .:I NB4e- "----~ '::--$. P"-lr'r""=r ._....:1 I . 'b!:.-:l::..~~- .. ·[:=t t SD--t~ RMF.66AT66yD

• 1- ' f~" -- ,Va< m1ca. heavy - , .1--+ : 10.M 29-5-"1----. ~-.~ - -- 1 -. -+-l3~. m1nerals, coal, PYl & CORE' N~ 21 -8-&93-8701 (REC 7')~- _~_-C; ~ - -- - ~~.......I argl11 cobb ~es. , T I' •• CONGLOMERATE: Lt & med

r---- t - __L_ 't==~ ~~l1n~A~~~~~~:a:?x ,~op gy, sh & dominant qtz

~~ -.~ ---i t S2\0 ~.. - =-- --I t--, Z good ~d~ur, f, cut,: H ~::~~~S;a~~/m:~~~~Y sort

11 CB 1 ~ sta1.n Fair O,F,C.S as base C20

~ -~ 1 R~~l~"-~'!~~"~~'~'~c~-~2QjO~":-~Eb~i~_~~~~I 4z

' C~:GL~~~~J~C . -- 6' -~;Brn gy, V tough,_1_ ~ p.Q..~_. 8700 t-- _.L ~ t----- l' ~ANDgT:w/goOd 0, V carbon, trc tyr, becom1ng

I---·+-~-I·-t-l~l:::t :-~. -~+= - --, ~t -'-,C-,,S-taln, J-~1r ~~ - ;~~~Y~:oi~-;:::~-~~gl:~:esH:::+ - ---r -.:r -U t- ---I 1 i I' near base ?f Interval

PLATE 3SHEET 3

MI to AlA

NB#11 HTC OWV-J

Un,II/Dly, 14,,1-: D,y

~:AS ABOVE,LOCALLY HARDENED

'--:------1~~C;~~~E:~~0 E;:~~:IALLY ~YRITE

____________jCONTENT.

" - ---111f----~--__j ~~g~:;R&W~~~~;

. - Q"ANULES,SU8-RNOEI_I:;t- -:-"--:-.~: ---::=::-i W~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ N : ~ ~ ~ ~:: s ;

.I £Q.&:As ASOVE,8LK---J1It--~-~----------j S~O_N ISH STREAk,

FIRM,WITH VAAIASLCLAY & SILT CONTE T

--ttt-----"------I.c;RADATlo"'aL TO VC~ReO~ACEOUe,FHLY

AMINATE',SHALE---l!r-----__--j SHALE: V L T-Mn TA

l -;V-;OFT &: ~UCl:Y I----<!r------i ~:~;,~~RC~:~:O.. 4

MUD OATA3 •• 17-3-65

W-11.5 V-59-1:I111--------j'F-5 P.... 10.8

I SD-1% CK-1I 18-3795 C.++-20

-ir--------;----1---jA.V-48 PV-46~D-4 I NIT GEL-410 MIH GEL-7

----n'il-----------j%W.TER-83 %OIL-O.O" %SOLIDS-17 ALK-O.'

Elba". & Propa..,1+--------- ..._-_ ...:I

::

----1,

SlLTSTONE:8RN_CK

r-----~-------------j~::~~:~~N~:~:~:~:~-EOUS"18#7 HTC

r--it----------r OSC 1CJ 12*"

::lAND:As "EFORE,WIT

r-----~----~~------T;~~~~A:~~U~:F~GOOO WH-YELLOWMINERAL FLUORESCEN £t-----..;::------ -

>

L760-4800'CAVINGS,(SHALE &- COAL),A~~EAR HALF+ OF

I--------it--~---------t CUTT INC:S VOLUME.

SHALE:PALE CAY TOI----'-.~.-...-'~-_---~----J~0 F r( ~ AL E CRY

VARIETY HAS SOA~Y

TEXT),VARIASLECARB, TRACE ~YR ITE.

~'UD OATA21-3-65,4.30••

r------Ht-----------I~:~:66C::~O

PN-11.5 SI-2%S_4332 C'+±160

r----Jt-----------------jA.V--31 PY-30VI-1 INIT GEL-410 MIN G'L-9r- ~--------------IALK-0.6 RMF-7t~aT

NB#9 HTCt-----v-------------j0WV-J 12i "

~;A8 ABOVE,WITH

r--·--~---------------j~~~~~:~~~C~~:~~~~:NCB#6 CHRISTENSEN

t---"---1It-"- ----____j 0 I AMONO 8f.Jl NB#10 HTC OWV-J

CORE#13 5256-5274'q RICOVEREO 15'

MUD DATA.,'....::.. 7.15 •• 22-7-65,\' . ---------jW-11.6 V-53

1 ~ ~~~\6.7 ~~:I%:r-:- --------j~;~~~~ ~~~3J40I VD-2 INIT G'L-5

________----j10 MIN GEL-5,t---- %W.TER-84 %OIL-O.O

~~~':'A~~g1~TA~7F045

'~

,---....-----'-------- ~ZGRY-GRE[N QR

. t -'1=t' ,SOFT, DENSE, TRACE~--±::tJ _~ CALC&GLAUCONITIC

-----____jJALSO; BRN-If< BRN',1,11'" FIRM,LAMINATED WITI~ CARBONACEOUS UAT.

.1

Mol "':/Oh"

..1!'l.....

CARBlDE CHECKW-200 gmsD-4529'

Hot Wire ZOunt tsP.H.D 24 un1tsLag-1993pump

strokes

CORE NO. 11 4346-51 CUT 5'REC Z· of loose uncons.vy f-cse Sd & f -med c1.Wh qtz grns, qtz grns951.. of sample

COHE#12 4740-4760RECOVERED 12'

r-~~+i1':---__---j SANDcAs ABOVE,WIT: i! OARSE M I CA FLAKES

., CC CARS STREAKS,r---~---:-----------:-Vnc CLAY MAT~IX,&

RC ~YRITE.

CB #5 C_"'~ ISTFNSENORAG CORE HEAD

CORE ,NO. 12 4740-4760 CUT20' REC 1;;:'8' Scl, trncon, med-cse

grn 99~ qtzZ' SdI as above but i-

med qt:z; grnsQ.5' Gravell' Sd, as tap 8'0.5' Brn-blk coal

CORE NO, 13 5256-74 CL'T 18'REC 15'5' Sd, It-It brn gy, med

cse, sUb-dng to subrncl, fr iab le-

J' Sd, a5 above but flnE'fgra J ne.cl

9' SdI (is l1bove

CORE NO. 14 5656-85 CUT 29'~EC 29' me-d-It gy, It grns11tstone El Sh, w/thln coal& fine Ss strks

.~ AR81DE HECK

K' - _ ~: gg~6~R' ••1-----+-l'l!(------~-------jHOT WIRE-20UN I TS)J, GAS CHROMATOGR APH'

r( -30 UN ITSLAG-74 MINUTES}, ::>'- (022 .U •• STROK'!il

- ~ -_. BITS 15-24(IHC)-

'~. -~;R: N:.-15 612~~~~9 r! ~;'~~:.:;7P~~~~RI---.lL RBC _ 2' -Ji'rt"--j-----:----jOWC-J Btn

fI' 11' -SHALB Med-dk g,y NCB#7 CHR I STENSEN.~ w/abllndant plant --I- - - C014I - fragments SANDSTONE:Lr_MEOil i --+ 6" -SHALE.Ok bln-gry 01( ~RY,V FN C1RN-" ,51 pyritlc,'some ~ -" FN CiRN,FRIAeLE,_y

1-+: coal lamtnae w! V III I NOR ARI ILL_ ,.,~. bleed1ng gas, MATR Ill(LATTEIIt '1

_ ~ : LA.GELY waSHED OUT

Hor WIRE TaI,I G.s __' __ Methanl ill) ~IU.r.nol· _

H£CTIlONIC "'elh,IlI_._ EI~ane_._:l, Pro"anl __ 13\8"t""" __ 41 Pentlnl __ .Sl He,.nl __ '6'

;\

I"

i-HHr-----------

oEPTH

4501OJ--r+--iJ

-~IIr- t ~

r-rl·460( r-2.~."r- -

+

i'J 1O(t----T---t----jlt-----~-___j

? !

HOOI--~

~i I

60001-'1-++--1"t--~-~""---1,I

540<t--t-Ht

520°t---rHlI----- -------!I \

2

6100 li

~ i-, !~

55001r---2r----J1---+~-----=<O~---',~---i'/r-H-

t-i2rll---+if--------

DEPTf! CORRECT ON

! i4g0nH~-t--'t-----------t

I


LITHoLoGy

.==,

~••.

~--~~.~~~1---_--

~'

~~,,~~~!~!:,_ 1.0 _._ .,r I~~h~"~_ •• 5.0. _i I1 I Tolal Ga. & M.lba..a

+~--t-----t--'-,.,~0T~;=--_~-I , ,

DRILLING

aTIVITV

NB~

1----- Ill. _p"'.

MUO DATA.l 7.30 •• 23--3-65

1--__--t>JJ~--_-____jIw-11.6 V-4B1'_5.1 CK-2PN-10.7 SD-1~

1-__~..::_-----___r.S-3747 C'+;!:160

.~ A.V_26 PV-26I 0-0 I NIT GEL-5

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PLATE "lSHEET 2

PLATE 4~ SHEET I

CORE LABORATORIES, INC.~ Petrolfttm Reservoir Enginemng!1.):~ ~A'

CORE LABORATORUS, INC. 1\ I 1_, J /''''roleum Re'eTl'(J1F E"gine".ing

75 SO' 25

Tom WIUR o-<l

ANHYOII;ITl 1~...:+;+~+;1SlL1'GTONE f.:..:-.::.1

COAL_

CHf:RT 1:6;6:11:1"'ARL~

." ...CONGLOMEIlATI: lo:~c;1

aaLlTES I~o:,,:o~ I

PIlOBABLf: PP.OOUCTION

0,011 W=W~f1,r G=GIS T.Tr.nsltlon.1

L'M£STON[~

OOI.OMITf:~

&IloNO 1·:-:·::·:1SHALl E:====.=I

- ,"PAN' ESSO EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA. INC. F'LE NO FL 115-1LWELL GIPPSLANO SHELF NO. 1 OME .I.. 6--M•• 31,1965 .'GRS T.t1,-A.M.-p.l!f,

_.J!WU•.LLlI!pCIiJAily'-.- FORMAT'ClN I . ELEV --l.t-!......K...B... _couNty 0 STATEVICIORIA DRLG FLD_.......x.E..20.~s:P.EB.S.£.NE~CORES#4-·5-6-7-12.1'

LOCATION L AT "a 16" 41 $1:1:. so. _ REMARKS _~~__

LONG 147

0

4[COMPLETlON COREGRAPH I

"'EllcENT PCl~r. .~"'el

75 50 25

Tom.ITEt 0-0

"NHYORITEI:+:+;+;+;1

SILT&TONE f:.:,:,,:,:,;jt:DAL_

PROBABLE PRODUC1'ION IO~Oll W:Water ILGas T:Transltlonal

CONGLoMEflATE lo:tg~

QDL.LTQ l~o:~~~;1

16 0 41

TCOMPLETION COREGRAPHI

LIMESTONE.~

OOlOMITE~

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SI'ND 1:·:-:-:-:.1SHAL.E ~===~I

COMPANY ESSO EXPLORATION AUSTRALIA. INC. "LE NO FL 115-1LWELL GIPPSLANO SHELF NO. 1 DATE ,lA. e--• .-.; "i1965 ENGRS T.H.-AoM.-O.N.FIELD Vi ILOCAl FORMATION ELEV 3" K B

COUNTY --.- STATE Y I CTaB I~ DRl..G FLD. XP20_S'PE8SFNE CORES I4-s-6-'l-,2e "LOCATION I 'T "B·_ l!_;_ lEG, Ip. REM.....RKS 16-17_'5-'9..20

LONG 1470

SAMPLE CHAR"C;TERIS1'"lr::S

F:Fraclured l-lamlna!ed FG, MU, CI;_ Type Grain Slle S Stylollllc V-VuIlIlY

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Esso Gippsland Shelf No. 1 Well VictoriaThe stratigraphic drilling operation at Esso Gippsland...

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