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Estimating Real-Time Urban Traffic Statesin VISUM Online (PTV TrafficPlatform)

PIARC Conference – Kuala Lumpur 2006Dr. Gerhard Ploss, Dr. Peter Vortisch

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No „Big Brother“but „Intelligent Traffic Management“....

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... Including the Needs of New Mobile Services...

„Maybe you are right,Darling... But I followexactly my new navigation system...“

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Traffic State as Basis for Information and ControlTraffic state contains> for the road user:

Congestion or free flow

> for navigation devices:Travel times

> for variable direction signs and traffic forecast:Traffic values, ODs and routes

A current traffic state requires> current measurement data

> fast processing

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PTV TrafficPlatform (VISUM Online) – Objectives

•Data management•Data distribution•Estimation of traffic state•Forecast & Scenarios•Incident management

PTV TrafficPlatformInput

•Detector data•Floating car data •Traffic reports •Road-works•Networks•OD-Matrices

Output

•Visualization •Mobile services•Dynamic route guidance•Evaluation & Reports•Transportation planning•Traffic control

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Intelligence

•OD Estimation (Calibration) and Routing

•Algorithms for Urban Traffic (Propagation)

•Algorithms for Motorway Traffic (ASDA/FOTO)

•Floating Car Data

•Data Fusion

•Forecast & Scenarios

•Cluster Analysis

•Statistics & Evaluation

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Intelligent Models consider Road Networks...

Measurements Local Models Network Models

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Estimation of Traffic State and Forecast

Data completition

15 min

Short-term forecast

15 min

Strategy A

Strategy B

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Work Flow of the Traffic State Estimation

Historicdetector values

hourly basedOD-Matrices

Trafficmessages

Current routes

Route estimation (Assignment)

Current detector values

Measurementpropagation

Network model

Cluster-analysis

typical day pattern

Base-OD-Matrices

Matrixcalibration

current traffic state

offline

online(every 5 minutes)

Time interval1 hour

Time interval5 minutes

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Flow Bundle

Detektordetector

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Innerurban Traffic: Measurement Propagation

Propagation of measured traffic volumes along routes in the network

80 %

20 %

50 %

50 % M

M

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Requirement: Sensitivity to Real-time Events

Impact on link: Resulting impact on network:

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Local Forecast by Time Series Selection

Idea: Traffic patterns for comparable days are similar, because the activities of mobile persons are repetitive.

Task: Recognition of the correct pattern for the day

now

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Short-term Forecast

t

t

t

t

t t

t

t

t

detection until t0 detection until t0+ ∆t detection until t0+ 2∆t

V V V

state t0- ∆t state t0 state t0+ ∆t state t0+ 2∆t

Idea: Forecasting of local measurement values and use of the propagation method

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Model-based Data Completion

time

Spatial interpolation:

Temporal extrapolation: Forecasting

simple, but wrongbetter: model based

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Model for Freeway Traffic: ASDA/FOTO by Prof. Kerner

v (km/h)

Zeit Ort (km) Ort (km)

synchronisierter Verkehr

sich bewegen-der langer Stau

q (Fzg./h)

Kerner, Journal of Physics A, 2000

v (km/h)

Zeit Ort (km) Ort (km)

synchronisierter Verkehr

sich bewegen-der langer Stau

q (Fzg./h)

Kerner, Journal of Physics A, 2000

Theory on physics of traffic flow: 3 phases (free, „synchronised“, jam)

synchonized traffic

wide moving jamtime space (km)

q (veh/h)

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ASDA-FOTO with Sparse Detection

x [km]

time8:00 8:30 9:007:30

470

475

480

485

490

9:30

(a)

loca

tions

of d

etec

tors

use

d

x [km]

time8:00 8:30 9:007:30

470

475

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485

490

9:30

(b)

loca

tions

of d

etec

tors

use

d

Weg-Zeit-Diagramme A5-Süd: (a) 31 Detektoren; (b) 9 der 31 Detektoren

x [km]

time8:00 8:30 9:007:30

470

475

480

485

490

9:30

(a)

loca

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of d

etec

tors

use

d

x [km]

time8:00 8:30 9:007:30

470

475

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485

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9:30

(b)

loca

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of d

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use

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Weg-Zeit-Diagramme A5-Süd: (a) 31 Detektoren; (b) 9 der 31 Detektorenspace-time-diagrams A5 southbound: (a) 31 detectors; (b) 9 detectors

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Data Source: Taxi Cab - FCD

Positioning of taxi cabs via GPS

Position is sent to operating center viataxi channel (no additional cost!)

High frequency ofposition reports(less than 2 minutes)

Routing between reported positionsin the operation center

Source: DLR

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Filtering of Exclusive Lanes for Taxi Cabs and Buses

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Data Source: FCD from Buses

Position reportedevery 2 minutes

Map-matching considers line routes

Dwell times at stops considered

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Comparison of Speeds from FCD vs. Local Detection

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

V_FCD[km/h]

V_D

ET [k

m/h

]

FCD

localdetection

freeway

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System Architecture

Measurements

Incidents

OD matrices

Networks

Input

Probes/FCD

Output

TP exportEx

porter

Traffic situation

Automated reports

Calibrated matrices

Up-to-date networks

ForecastTP

importTP

Database

TP Network Editor (VISUM)

TMFUser Interface

Aggregation

Traffic State

Forecast

Calculation

Evaluation

VISUM

IncidentsTraffic situation & Forecast

OD Matrices

Measurement

Network

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TP Database> Standard for

Traffic Management> Relational database for

> ORACLE> MS SQL Server> MS ACCESS> mySQL

> 300 tables in numerous modules

Static

NetworkDetectorsPOIs

Dynamic

Raw dataAggregated dataResults

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Overview - PTV TrafficManagementFramework (TMF)

> Graphical User Interface for Traffic Management

> Main Tasks

> Visualization

> Evaluation

> Management

> Access to content of a database> Intuitive operation> Flexible customization> Desktop and browser solution

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TMF - Overview Framework

Display window

Filter

Navigation Smart map

Layercontrol

Furtherapplication

Detailedinformation

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Incident Manager

> Different sources> Different categories

> Unique referencing> Solution of conflicts> Support of TMC, TPEG and other formats

> Defines impact on traffic:(traffic condition and dynamic route guidance)> Location: Number of links in the network> Time: Valid period of an incident> Effect: Reduction of capacity and speed

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Browser Solution

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What is the VMZ Berlin?

> Actually, the VMZ Berlin (Verkehrsmanagementzentrale) mainly is a Traffic Information Center

> An interface to the VKRZ Berlin(Traffic Control Center) is in progress.

> Contracted in 1999 by the Senat of Berlin;in operation since 1.7.2003

> Operated by: VMZ Berlin(Siemens and DaimlerChrysler)

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What the VMZ Berlin provides

„Comprehensive and up-to-date mobility servicesfor all transport users and all means of transport in Berlin“

Better traffic information shall provide the basis for a moreefficient traffic flow.

Information broadcast media:> Internet

> Variable message signs on roads

> mobile phone services (SMS, WAP)

> radio stations

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Traffic Management Centre Berlin

>ca. 400 Detectors>Network with ca. 10.000 links>OD Matrix with ca. 1000 zones>Traffic State on ca. 3000 links

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www.vmzberlin.de

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Quality Check of the Estimated LOS

Laboratory experimentsScenario as part of approvalExamination with additional detection> Mobile detection devices> 14 locations

per day> 10 15-min-periods relevant> Considered: flow and speed => LOS> Compared: calculated and predicted

LOS to measured situation

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Comparison of VolumesB1: Invalidenstraße

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h]

B3: Treskow-Allee

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B4: Heerstraße

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B7: Warschauer Straße

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[Fz/

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Results from Field Test

77 72 80 73

17 23 14 21

6 5 6 6

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

currentstate testintervals

forecast test

intervals

currentstate whole

day

forecast whole day

LOS wrongoff by oneLOS correct

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www.ptv.degerhard.ploss@ptv.de

PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe

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