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Arab Open University2nd Semester, 2006-2007
M301
Unit 6.2Ethical and Legal Issues and the
Case Study [email protected]
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Topic Road Map
Ethical and Legal IssuesProfessional bodies
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Definitions
Ethical decision-making is about choosing between behavior that is morally ‘right’ and that which is morally ‘wrong’.
Morality is about the degree of conformity to a set of principles that determine ‘rightness’.
The trouble with these two definitions is that there is no absolute definition of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.
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Areas that Influence the Set of Moral Principles
1. Individual or personal standards of behavior.
2. Social or cultural standards of behavior.
3. Professional codes of conduct.
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Ethical Decision
A decision which may result in a living thing, including its environment, being adversely affected — emotionally, practically or morally.
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Procedure for Coping with Ethical Decisions
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Legal Issues
Contracts.Ownership of software.Data protection.Computer misuse.Health and safety.
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Legal Contracts
Set out the parameters of an agreement, so that all parties understand their responsibilities.
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Ownership of Software
A thorny legal issue, one that gives rise to many situations which are difficult to disentangle.
The principal reason for the difficulty is the intangible nature of software.
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Intellectual Property Rights
The law can be used to protect ideas in two ways: through the law of patent and through copyright law. Together these are known as intellectual property rights (IPR).
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Law of Patents
A lengthy, costly process and is rarely used in relation to computer software.
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Copyright
Automatic and it protects the expression of an idea, not the idea itself.
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Trademarks and service marks
The names of products and services are themselves protected as valuable property, and existing marks should not be used for other products or services in the same area of business or economic activity.
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Freeware
A piece of software that is given away free to users, although the copyright remains with the originator and the original software cannot be distributed by anyone else.
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Open-source software
Similar to freeware, except that it is maintained and upgraded openly by a community of expert users.
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Computer Misuse
Unauthorized Access To Data Or Programs With No Intention To Act Further;
Unauthorized Access To Data Or Programs With The Intention To Commit A Crime.
Unauthorized Modification Or Destruction Of Data Or Programs.
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Topic Road Map
Ethical and Legal Issues Professional bodies
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Professional Bodies
The IEE (Institute of Electrical Engineers).The IEEE (Institute of Electronic and
Electrical Engineers).The ACM (Association for Computing
Machinery).The BCS (British Computer Society).
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Goals
Support their members in their professional practice.
For example, the membership application form for the IEEE states: The primary goal of the Computer Society is to
give its members the tools they need to stay on top of new technologies, while growing personally as well as professionally.
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Key Roles
To provide support to help members fulfill their professional duties.
To set standards of behavior and training for their members in order to provide a realistic yardstick for those inside and outside the profession.
To represent the profession in debates on relevant issues.
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Code of Conduct
Deals with the way in which members of the Society should behave.
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Code of Practice
Deals with the way in which members should exercise their professional competence.
TMA6 – Q2
Thank You!