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ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
MODEL I
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INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
Thats cheating! No its not!
Thats wrong! No, its fine!
Its just part of the game!
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Frequently there is no critical examination
nor probing of the set of beliefs, the actual
basis for rendering moral judgment, used bythe person making such comments. In part
this is due to the paucity of attention paid to
the study of ethics, generally, and to sportethics, particularly, at all levels of
schooling:
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
ENCOURAGE, INSPIRE, MOTIVATEYOU TO THINK ABOUT ETHICAL
DECISIONS YOU MAKE.
PROVIDE A SYSTEMATIC WAY OF
MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS.
THE MODEL (MODEL 1)
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DEFINITIONS
ETHICSa sub-discipline of philosophy
concerned with issues of right and wrong in
human conduct. It is concerned with goodand bad; what is authentic and not
authentic; and with the notions of duty,
obligation, and moral responsibility. VALUESIndividual beliefs which
motivate and guide behavior.
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NORMSGroup or societal standards or
generally held criteria for acceptable
conduct.
ETHICSObjective basis upon which
judgments are rendered regarding right or
wrong behavior.
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MORALSActions, behavior, and the
principles that guide them.
OFTEN USED AS SYNONYM FOR
ETHICS.
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ETHICAL BASES/THEORIES
DEONTOLOGY
TELEOLOGY
EXISTENSIALISM
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DEONTOLOGICAL
Rule-based approach, focusing on
obligation and duty, similar to the
orientation found in the Bible. Sinceattention is directed to the act itself, this
approach is non-consequentialist.
FOCUS: WHAT IS RIGHT
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DEONTOLOGICAL
RULE-BASED
OBLIGATION OR DUTY
ATTENTION DIRECTED TO ACT
ITSELF
FOCUS: WHAT IS RIGHT.
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TELEOLOGICAL
An approach that focuses on the consequences of
the action, one that conceives of ethics as
concerned with measuring the amount ofgoodness, or badness, arising from behavior.
Attention is directed towards assessing the
consequences of a particular action rather than
examining the act itself.
FOCUS: WHAT IS GOOD
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TELEOLOGICAL
CONSEQUENCES
MEASURES AMOUNT OF GOOD OR
BAD ARRISING FROM BEHAVIOR
FOCUS: WHAT IS GOOD
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DISCUSSION
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DEONTOLOGICAL AND
TELEOLOGICAL
SPOCK VS. KIRK
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DISCUSS EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
RESEARCH.
We cannot allow the theology of a few to
prevent the progress of the many
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EXISTENTIAL
Attention is directed squarely on the individual.
Concepts such as authenticity, which refers to how
true the person is to himself or herself, integrity,and genuine-ness are factors that must be
considered in judging each individual act at that
particular time within the context of the unique
circumstances prevailing. FOCUS: WHAT IS AUTHENTIC
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EXISTENTIALISM
ATTENTION ON INDIVIDUAL
INTEGRITY
TRUE TO SELF
CONSISTENT
AUTHENTIC FOCUS: WHAT IS AUTHENTIC
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EXAMPLES OF EXISTENTIALISM
DISCUSS USA OLYMPIC HOCKEY
PLAYERS TRASHING DORM ROOMS.
DISCUSS VITO CORLEONE
PIRATES CODE
CONSISTENT UMPIRES
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THE 5 STEP MODEL
PROCESS IS WHAT IS IMPORTANT
CONCLUSIONS MAY BE DIFFERENT
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MODEL I
1. OBTAIN AND CLARIFY ALL THEPERTINENT FACTS OF THE CASE ORINCIDENT.
2. IDENTIFY AND ENUNCIATE THEETHICAL MAXIM(S) TO BE USED.
3. TIME
4. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS EXTENUATINGCIRCUMSTANCES
5. RENDER JUDGMENT.
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STEP 1: GATHERING
INFORMATION PERTINENT FACTS
EVERYONE ON SAME PAGEOFTEN
SOURCE OF CONFUSION
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STEP 2: ETHICAL MAXIM
CAN USE:
DEONTOLOGYARE THERE ANY RULES?UNDERSTOOD RULES?
TELEOLOGYWHAT ARE BENEFITS? WHAT ARENEGATIVES?
EXISTENSIALISMWAS BEHAVIOR CONSISTENT,AUTHENTIC?
More than one ethical maxim can be found to serve as themoral yardstick against which we can measure behavior.
Invoking more than one ethical maxim promotes a wider-ranging moral discourse.
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STEP 3: TIME
HELPS COMPLETE STEP ONE
PRIOR
MOTIVATION
INTENTION (MURDER V. MANSLAUGHTER)
DURING
ESTABLISHED RULES
UNWRITTEN RULES
(THROWING AT THE BATTER) AFTER
CONSEQUENCES
(NO HARM NO FOUL)
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STEP 4: SPECIAL
EXTENUATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
COMPLETES STEP ONE
Les Miserables
Everest Climbers
New Orleans nurses post Katrina
euthanize severe cases
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STEP 5: RENDER JUDGMENT
CAN BE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON
ETHICAL BASE
NOT ALWAYS BLACK AND WHITE,OFTEN GRAY
REASONS HELP SUPPORT JUDGMENT
AT LEAST PROCESS IS USED
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PRACTICE
THE CASE OF LISA LESLIE
(CASE 8.7)