Ethical HackingPRESENTED BY :-SWETA LEENA PANDA

HACKER

Overview of Hacking Types of hacking Hacker Types of Hacker Why do hackers hack? How can kid hack? What does a script kid know? Hackers language How to translate the hackers’ language

CONTENT

Ethical Hacking Ethical Hacking – Process What hackers do after hacking? Why can’t defend against hackers? How can protect the system? What should do after hacked? Final words

overview of hacking

Hack

– Examine something very minutely

– the rapid crafting of a new program or the making of changes to existing, usually complicated software

Hacker

– The person who hacks Cracker

– System intruder/destroyer

HACKER Someone who bypasses the system’s access controls by

taking advantage of security weaknesses left in the system by developers

Person who is totally immersed in computer technology and programming, and who likes to examine the code of programs to see how they work … then uses his or her computer expertise for illicit purposes such as gaining access to computer systems without permission and tampering with programs and data. At that point, this individual would steal information and install backdoors, virus and Trojans

Hacker means cracker nowadays.

Types of hacker White Hat Hackers:

– who specializes in penetration testing and in other testing methodologies to ensure the security of an organization's information systems.

Black Hat Hackers:

– A black hat is the villain or bad guy, especially in a western movie in which such a character would stereotypically wear a black hat in contrast to the hero's white hat.

Gray Hat Hackers:

– A grey hat, in the hacking community, refers to a skilled hacker whose activities fall somewhere between white and black hat hackers on a variety of spectra

Types of hacker Script Kiddies:

– who use scripts or programs developed by others to attack computer systems and networks and deface websites.[

Phreak

– Person who breaks into telecommunications systems to [commit] theft

Cyber Punk

– Recent mutation of … the hacker, cracker, and phreak

Why do people hack??

To make security stronger ( Ethical Hacking ) Just for fun Show off Hack other systems secretly Notify many people their thought Steal important information Destroy enemy’s computer network during

the war

How can kid hack? Kid has much of time

– Kid can search for longer time than other people All hacking program is easy to use Kid doesn’t have to know how the hacking program works These kids are called script kiddies

Hackers language :

1 -> i or l

3 -> e

4 -> a

7 -> t

9 -> g

0 -> o

$ -> s

| -> i or

|\| -> n

|\/| -> m

s -> z

z -> s

f -> ph

ph -> f

x -> ck

ck -> x

What is Ethical Hacking

It is Legal Permission is obtained from the target Part of an overall security program Identify vulnerabilities visible from Internet

at particular point of time Ethical hackers possesses same skills,

mindset and tools of a hacker but the attacks are done in a non-destructive manner

Also Called – Attack & Penetration Testing,

Hackers language translation

EXAMPLE:-

Hacking is good

H4ck||\|g 1$ 900d

Hacking - Process

1. Preparation

2. Foot printing

3. Enumeration & Fingerprinting

4. Identification of Vulnerabilities

5. Attack – Exploit the Vulnerabilities

6. Gaining Access

7. Escalating privilege

8. Covering tracks

9. Creating back doors

Preparation Identification of Targets – company websites, mail servers,

extranets, etc. Signing of Contract

– Agreement on protection against any legal issues– Contracts to clearly specifies the limits and dangers of the test– Specifics on Denial of Service Tests, Social Engineering, etc.– Time window for Attacks– Total time for the testing– Prior Knowledge of the systems– Key people who are made aware of the testing

Foot printing

Collecting as much information about the target

DNS Servers IP RangesAdministrative ContactsProblems revealed by administrators

Information Sources Search engines Forums Databases – whois, Tools – PING, whois, Traceroute, nslookup

Enumeration & Fingerprinting Specific targets determined Identification of Services / open ports Operating System Enumeration

MethodsBanner grabbingResponses to various protocol (ICMP &TCP)

commands Port / Service Scans – TCP Connect, TCP SYN,

TCP FIN, etc.

Identification of VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities: It is a weakness which allows an attacker to

reduce a system's information assurance. Insecure Configuration Weak passwords Unpatched vulnerabilities in services, Operating

systems, applications Possible Vulnerabilities in Services, Operating

Systems Insecure programming,Weak Access Control

ToolsVulnerability Scanners - Nessus, ISS, SARA,

SAINTListening to Traffic – Ethercap, tcpdumpPassword Crackers – John the ripper, LC4,

PwdumpIntercepting Web Traffic – Achilles, Whisker,

Legion

Gaining access: Enough data has been gathered at this point to make an informed

attempt to access the target Techniques

– Password eavesdropping

– File share brute forcing

– Password file grab

– Buffer overflows

Escalating Privileges If only user-level access was obtained in the last step, the attacker will

now seek to gain complete control of the system Techniques

– Password cracking

– Known exploits

Covering Tracks

Once total ownership of the target is secured, hiding this fact from system administrators becomes paramount, lest they quickly end the romp.

Techniques– Clear logs– Hide tools

Creating Back Doors Trap doors will be laid in various parts of the system to ensure that

privileged access is easily regained at the whim of the intruder Techniques

– Create rogue user accounts

– Schedule batch jobs

– Infect startup files

– Plant remote control services

– Install monitoring mechanisms

– Replace apps with trojans

Denial of Service If an attacker is unsuccessful in gaining access, they may use readily

available exploit code to disable a target as a last resort Techniques

– SYN flood

– ICMP techniques

– Identical SYN requests

– Overlapping fragment/offset bugs

– Out of bounds TCP options (OOB)

– DDoS

What do hackers do after hacking? Patch security hole

– The other hackers can’t intrude Clear logs and hide themselves Install rootkit ( backdoor )

– The hacker who hacked the system can use the system later

– It contains trojan virus, and so on Install irc related program

– identd, irc, bitchx, eggdrop, bnc

Install scanner program

– mscan, sscan, nmap Install exploit program Install denial of service program Use all of installed programs silently

How can protect the system? Patch security hole often Encrypt important data

Ex) pgp, ssh Do not run unused daemon Remove unused setuid/setgid program Setup loghost

• Backup the system often Setup firewall Setup IDS

Ex) snort

What should do after hacked? Shutdown the system

– Or turn off the system Separate the system from network Restore the system with the backup

– Or reinstall all programs Connect the system to the network

H4CKING VS CR4CKING

HACKING WITH MALICIOUS INTENTION IS CRACKING

The basic difference is hackers do not do anything disastrous.

Cracking yield more devastating results.Cracking is crime.Cyber crime are the results of cracking ,not

hacking

H4cking prone areas

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