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Under the guidance of Miss.ANJU VIJAYAN

Presented By ROHINI V

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INTRODUCTION

• With the growth of the Internet, computer security has become a major concern for businesses and governments.

• Worried about the possibility of being “hacked”

• Solution :Ethical hacking ,also known as penetration testing or white-hat hacking

• This paper describes ethical hackers: their skill their attitude

how they go about helping their customers

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• Security is the condition of being protected against danger or loss

Security

• In networks, security is also called the information security

• Described in terms of CIA triads.

“C”:- Confidentiality “I”:- Integrity“A”:-Availability

1. Confidentiality : passive person should not see those data

2.Integrity :data cannot be modified without authorization

3. Availability : information must be available when it is needed

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Need for security

• Systems are damaged by intruders

● lose of confidential data● damage or destruction of data● damage or destruction of computer system● loss of reputation of a company

• Several forms of damage will occur

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Hacking

● A person who enjoys learning details of a programming language or system● A person who enjoys actually doing the programming rather than just theorizing about it● A person who picks up programming quickly

two definitions: 1st refers to the hobby/profession of working with computers. 2nd refers to breaking into computer systems.HACKER

● A person who is an expert at a particular programming language or system

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Types of Hackers3 types of hackers:

Black-Hat Hacker

White-Hat Hackerhacker skills and using them for defensive purposes

Grey-Hat Hackers Individuals who work both offensively and defensively

Black-Hat Hackerhackers use their knowledge and skill for their own personal gains probably by hurting others.

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Can Hacking Be Done Ethically?

Answer is yes…….because to catch a thief, think like a thief

Above is the basis for ethical hacking

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Ethical hackers possess a variety of skills:

Skills needed for ethical hackers

Completely trustworthy

Strong programming and computer networking skills

Patience

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What do an Ethical Hacker do?

1) Tries to get in to the system

2) Find vulnerability.

3) Report to the company about vulnerability.

4) Make patches for that particular vulnerability

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Methodology of Hacking

• Include five steps..

1. Reconnaissance2. Scanning & Enumeration3. Gaining access4. Maintaining access5. Clearing tracks

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1) Reconnaissance

Preliminary survey to gain informationFirst stage

Many tools are there:

1.Google: •search engines used in the Internet •specialized keywords for searching

2. Samspade:•provides us information about a particular host

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Fig:Samspade GUI

Reconnaissance cont…

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3.Email Tracker and Visual Route

Reconnaissance cont…

• software which helps us to find from which server does the mail actually came from.

Visual route

• gives actual location of the server with the help of IP addresses

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2)Scanning & Enumeration

• Make a blue print of the target network

• Includes the ip addresses of the target network which are live.

• Different tools used for scanning are:

1. War Dialing:

•Computer program used to identify the phone numbers that can successfully make a connection with a computer modem

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2.Pingers

Scanning & Enumeration cont……

• Use Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) packets

• Principle: Automated software which sends the ICMP packets to different machines and checking their responses

3.Port Scanning

• Determine what ports are open or in use on a system or network

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Enumeration

Scanning & Enumeration cont……

• Ability of a hacker to convince some servers to give them information that is vital to them to make an attack

1) Null sessions

Created by keeping the user name and password as null

After this ,NBTscan is used

2) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol )

Done by using

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• Make use of all the information collected in the pre attacking phases

3)Gaining access

• Hindrance to gain access :Password

1. Password Cracking

• Dictionary cracking

• Brute force cracking

• Hybrid cracking

• Social Engineering

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2. Man in the Middle Attack

Gaining access cont…..

• All the traffic between a host and a client to go through the hacker system

• hacker, the man in the middle

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4) Maintaining Access

• Make an easier path to get in when he comes the next time

1:Key Stroke Loggers

• record every movement of the keys in the keyboard

• middle man between the keyboard driver and the CPU

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2:Trojan Horses & Backdoors

Maintaining Access cont…..

• destructive program

• do not replicate

3:Wrappers

• wrap their contents to some pictures, greeting cards

• malicious data hidden from the administrator and other usual user

• Software:Elitewrap

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5)Clearing Tracks

“Everybody knows a good hacker but nobody knows a great hacker”

1:Winzapper

• Tool used:

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CONCLUSION

• Ethical Hacking is a legal hacking

• Increase security protection by identifyingand patching known security vulnerabilities on systems

• performed with the target’spermission

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