Ethics and Moral Leadership in
Project Management
The Minnesota Chapter of PMI®The Minnesota Chapter of PMI®
January 16, 2012
Shobhna Raghupathy, MS, PMP®
Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Agenda
What is Ethics? Why Ethics? Why now?Branches of EthicsEthics Vs MoralsOptimal Ethics Systems modelCode of Ethics ConductMember Awareness & EmpowermentEthical Dilemma & ResolutionEthical Dilemma & ResolutionFramework for Ethical Decision makingMoral LeadershipPMI Code – Implications on Ethics and
LeadershipThe Final Word
How ethical are you?
• I am always ethical.• I am mostly ethical• I am somewhat ethical• I am seldom ethical• I am never ethical
What is Ethics?
• Evolved from Greek word ‘Ethos’ denoting personal character.
• ‘ta Ethika’ – philosophical enquiries into the nature of Good and Evil.
• Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores the • Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.
• What does Ethics mean to you ?1. A set of principles of right conduct. 2. A theory or a system of moral values
(American Heritage Dictionary)
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Ethics Definitions……
• Oxford English Dictionary: [plural] moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.
[singular] the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principlesprinciples
• Merriam-Webster DictionaryAn Ethic is “the principles of conduct governing an individual
or a group”
Why Ethics ? Why now?
• Corporate failures – Enron, Martha Stewart• Social media• Ethics is not Physics• Accidental Ethicist
Ethics 101
• Ethics is ethics !• Ethical lapses are everywhere – when people make unethical
choices– What’s most convenient– What’s most convenient– What do to Win– Rationalize our choices – justify anything
Branches of Ethics• Meta Ethics– Understand the nature of ethical properties
• Normative Ethics– Philosophical investigation
• Applied Ethics– Application of ethical principles during
conflicts/dilemmas
• Descriptive Ethics– Study of people’s beliefs
Ethics Vs Morals
• Ethics– Help guide and educate moral instincts– Steer away from uncompromising situations– Improve our moral vocabulary – talk and listen better– Improve our moral vocabulary – talk and listen better
• The Mediating Role of EthicsEthics
Morality Law
Ethical Drivers
• Culture• Personal values and Societal Values• Organization / Corporate Values• Generational Ethics
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Generational Ethics
• Veterans 1928-1945 59M• Boomers 1946-1964 76M• Gen X 1965-1979 46M ~ 50M• Gen Y 1980-2000 78M ~ 88M
Veterans Boomers Gen X Gen YVeterans Boomers Gen X Gen YWORK ETHIC Dedicated Driven Balanced Ambitious
Ethics Training must have the following elements:• Acknowledgment of different generational viewpoints. • Define Ethics.• Provide ongoing messaging that communicates expectations
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Ethics & Education
Ethics Curricula
- Responsibilities in Research- Limits of Character Screening
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Optimal Ethics Systems Model
• Hire ethical people• Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct• Employee awareness & empowerment• Ethical reporting &resolution• Ethical reporting &resolution• Ethical decision making framework• Ethical leadership
Code of Ethics / Conduct
• Guideline Vs Implementation• Code of conduct expand moral principles outlined in
the code of ethics• Starbucks• Starbucks– Codes of conduct for supplier
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PMI Code – Implications on Ethics and Leadership
• Profession-wide understanding of appropriate behavior.
• Help become a better practitioner• Guide in making wise decisions• Guide in making wise decisions
RespectResponsibility Mandatory Standards Honesty
Aspirational Standards
Fairness
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
PMI Code – The Four values• Responsibility is our duty to take ownership for decisions we
make or fail to make, the actions we take or fail to take, and the consequences that result.
• Respect is our duty to show a high regard for ourselves, others, and the resources entrusted to us. Resources entrusted to us may include people, money, reputation, the safety of others, and natural or environmental resources.and natural or environmental resources.
• Fairness is our duty to make decisions and act impartially and objectively. Our conduct must be free from competing self interest, prejudice, and favoritism.
• Honesty is our duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner both in our communications and in our conduct.
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Consulting Inc.
Member Awareness & Empowerment
• Ethics in Project management Community of Practice– Launched on October 2nd, 2010– Exclusive member benefit– Exclusive member benefit– PDU opportunities via Discussions, Webinars– Seeking volunteers for 2012
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Finding PMI Ethics Information
1. http://ethics.vc.pmi.org/Public/Home.aspx2. PMI website www.pmi.org
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Membership History and Growth
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Consulting Inc.
Global Distribution Pattern
Asia Pacific
EMEA409 | 15.8%
North Am1400 | 51.6%
Asia Pacific537 | 19.8%
Lat Am120 | 4.4%
Total Countries93
CoP Discussions
• Business Vs Ethics• Management promises to Client with PM knowledge• PM to re-negotiate Fixed-Price contract• Senior Management directive on project team• Senior Management directive on project teamselection.• Who pays for design error? Client or …• Christmas gifts & cultural differences
•Book Club of the quarter.
Ethical Dilemma & Resolution• Dilemma = Situations or circumstances that
involve choosing between equally powerful core values
• Three Step ProcessStep One: Analyze the consequencesStep One: Analyze the consequencesStep Two: Analyze the actions. Step Three: Make a decision
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Ethics Resolution at PMI
PMI
Ethics EthicsReview AppealsCommittee Committee
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Framework for Ethical decision making
• Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning = basis for ethical behavior
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Personal values
Professional Code of Ethics
Organizational ethical standards
Ethical Practice - 5 P Model
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Ethical Decision Making Framework
• PMI EDMF Team–Michael O Brochta – Project Manager–Marty Taylor – Ethics Consultant– Giusi Meloni – Team member– Peter Pfeiffer – Team member– Peter Pfeiffer – Team member– Shobhna Raghupathy – Team Member
• Framework being finalized for Stakeholder review
• PMI Board review and acceptance in October 2011.
• Launch in April 2012 @ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
EDMF For Project Managers
• Assessment: Do you have all the facts? • Alternatives: What can you do? • Analysis: What is your best choice? • Analysis: What is your best choice? • Apply: How would others view your choice? • Action: Are you ready to decide?
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Project Management Case Study 1
Project Documentation on SharePointJohn Smith is a Program Manager responsible for several projects. Due to management conflicts, he is asked to resign suddenly. An unhappy John, decides to take all the project conflicts, he is asked to resign suddenly. An unhappy John, decides to take all the project information with him and cleans the SharePoint site.
1. Is this an ethical issue?2. What actions will you take if you are an impacted
PM?
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Project Management Case Study 2New-age Challenge – Generational Ethics
Jane White(a Baby Boomer) is the Project Manager leading a large initiative for the company. Her team member Bob(Gen X) leaves early on a busy Monday to attend his 4-year son’s soccer match and Tom(Gen Y) leaves for volunteering at Red Cross. Jane is very leaves for volunteering at Red Cross. Jane is very unhappy about this as she stayed at work and missed her daughter’s graduation. She decides to send an email to the entire team about professional conduct and how it is costing the project & company.
1. How does ethics play a role?2. In your opinion, what should be done to avoid such
conflicts?@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Leadership !
• Authentic Leadership• Servant Leadership• Transformational Leadership• Transformational Leadership• Value-based Leadership• Moral Leadership
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What is Moral leadership?
• Ethical conduct by the leaders and ability to inspire such conduct .
• A commitment to integrate ethical values into all organizational activities.into all organizational activities.
• Begins at a very fundamental level, and it relates to how we treat people one-on-one, every day
• Lead and Act by the Moral standards
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Characteristics…
–Develop Personal Discipline– Take responsibility for your actions–Align your priorities and values–Align your priorities and values–Reward Moral behavior–Respect Diversity–Put your family ahead of work
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Moral Leadership ToolkitEffective moral leaders adopt a toolkit for resolving dilemmas and to meet ethical challenges. – Buy time– Bend the rules and own up to deeper – Bend the rules and own up to deeper
responsibility– Use political capital with care–Moral leaders are fair and they agree by
conceding
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Ethical Leadership Vs Moral Leadership
• Ethical Leadership – accomplish core purpose using ethical means
• Moral leadership – accomplish explicitly moral purpose by introducing a new moral value.purpose by introducing a new moral value.
• Individual - Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa• Institutional – Red Cross, UNICEF
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Global Moral Leadership• A personal commitment to set of values that
transcend a single nation• A need for moral value that is not currently
practicedpracticed• The courage and conviction to promote the
value• The communication skills to share the value
effectively
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Moral leadership - Case Study
• Johnson and Johnson – Tylenol Recall
• Steve Jobs & iPhone 4G• Steve Jobs & iPhone 4G
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Final Word
• Ethics + Competence is a winning equation.
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• Ethical behavior is not an Act but a Habit. Just as good health requires cultivating, Aristotle believes that right action is a result of developing good moral habits in a business context , this means training at the deepest level sometimes called the ‘Corporate the deepest level sometimes called the ‘Corporate Culture’.
»Jim Kelley – CEO UPS
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Books & References• PMI Code of Ethics , http://www.pmi.org/en/About-Us/Ethics.aspx• Harvard Business Review on Corporate Ethics, Copyright @ 2003,Harvard Business School Publishing Company.• Business Ethics – facing up to the issues, Copyright The Economist Newspaper Ltd.• The Good, the Bad and the Difference – published by Doubleday , a division of Random House, inc,
1540Brodway, NY, NT 10036. copyright @2002• The principles of information Ethics – Rochard J serverson, copyright @1997 by M E Sharpe, inc. 80, business
park drive Armonk, NY 10504• Ethics 101 –John C Maxwell Copyright@2003• Ethical Practice in Grief Counseling. http://www.springerpub.com/samples/9780826100832_chapter.pdf• Moral Leadership – The Theory and practice of Power, Judgment and Policy – Deborah L Rhode, copyright
@2006 - John Wiley and Sons.• Human Society in Ethics and Politics, Bertrand Russell, , Routledge Classics• How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living (1995)• How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living (1995)• “Gen Y in the Workforce,” Harvard Business Review case study, February 2009 by Tamara J. Erickson • Generations at Work, Ron Zemke, Claire Raines, Bob [email protected] management
association. • Bridging the Generation Gap: How to Get Radio Babies, Boomers, Gen Xers, And Gen Yers to Work Together
And Achieve More by Linda Gravett and Robin Throckmorton (Paperback - Jan 15, 2007)• Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership – Casting Light or Shadow by Craig E Johnson(paperback) • Working Ethics – Strategies for Decision making and organizational responsibility by Marvin T Brown• Moral Leadership – A Pipedream , Lawrence Wharton-
http://www.leader-values.com/Content/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=205• Teaching the Moral Leader – Sarah Jane Gilbert. November 2007 http://hbswk.hbs.edu/pdf/item/5801.pdf
@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.
Contact Information
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