NURSING AS A PROFESSION

MR.PRASANTH.K

Nursing tutor

SNI

Professional Nursing TodayLegal Implications for Nursing

Practice Healthcare Delivery System

What is a Nurse?

How are nurse’s portrayed in the media?

What makes a nurse a professional?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1-uMKg86Ck

Extended education Theoretical body of knowledge Provides a specific service Autonomy in decision making and practice Code of ethics

Nursing as a Profession

Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Practice

Standards of Professional Performance

Code of Ethics

ANAStandards of Professional Performance Quality of practice Professional Practice Evaluation Education Collegiality Ethics Collaboration Research Resource Utilization Leadership

Professional Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Acts

Licensure and Certification

Science and Art of Nursing practice

Nursing Today Registered Nurse Licensed Practical Nurse Nurse Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Midwife CRNA

Current Trends & Issues in Healthcare Nursing Shortage Patient Satisfaction Managed Care Transcultural Nursing National Patient Safety Initiatives Evidence-Based Practice Information Age Genetics Globalization of Health Aging Population Legal & Ethical Issues Terrorism/Bioterrorism/Disaster Nursing

Nursing Roles Caregiver Clinical Decision Maker Client Advocate Rehabilitator Comforter Communicator Collaborator Teacher

Professional Roles & Responsibilities Autonomy & Accountability Caregiver Client Advocate Educator Manager/Clinical Decision Maker Communicator Collaborator Career Development

Autonomy & Accountability Autonomy is the essential element of professional

nursing Person is reasonably independent and self-

governing in decision making & practice Increased autonomy=Increased responsibility Accountability- nurse is responsible professionally

& legally for type & quality of care provided Regulated through Standards of Practice and

Nurse Practice Act

Clinical Decision Maker

Utilizes critical thinking skills and the nursing process

Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

Client Advocate Nurse protects the clients human and legal

rights Providing information to assist in decision

making Patient Bill of Rights

Rehabilitator Role

Assist client to return to optimal level of functioning

Nurse helps client to adapt physically and emotionally to changes in lifestyle, body image

Comforter Role

Caring for client as a human being

Role is traditional to nursing

Care is directed to whole person, not just a body part

Demonstration of care and concern

Communicator Role Role is central to all other roles Involves communication with client, family,

healthcare team members, resource people, and the community

Without clear, concise communication it will be difficult to give effective care

Teacher/Educator Role Explains concepts and facts about health,

demonstrates procedures, reinforces learning, determines understanding, and evaluates progress of learning

Unplanned or informal education Planned or formal education

Nursing Career Roles Clinician Nurse Educator Advanced Practice Nurse Nurse Administrator Nurse Researcher Military Nurse Forensic Nursing

Healthcare Team Members Nurses Physicians Physician Assistant Therapists and Technicians Pharmacist Nutritionist/Dietitian Case Manager/Social Worker Pastoral Care Nursing Assistant Unit Secretary Ancillary Staff

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

MEANING

ACCREDITATION: Official approval given by an organization stating that organization (nursing college) has achieved a required standard.

STANDARD: It is an established norm or requirement. It usually establishes uniform criteria, methods , processes and practices.

INDIAN NURSING COUNCILThe Indian nursing council is an autonomous body under

the government of India, ministry of Health and Family welfare was constituted by the central government, under section 3(1) of the Indian nursing council Act-1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.

AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC To establish and monitor a uniform standard of Nursing

education for nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse- midwives and health visitors by doing inspection of institution.

To recognize the qualification under section 10(2) (4) of the Indian nursing council act 1947 for the purpose of registration and employment in India and abroad.

To give approval for registration of Indian foreign nurses

possessing foreign qualification under section 11(2)(a) of the Indian nursing council act 1947.

AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC (conti…) To prescribe the syllabus and registration

for nursing programmes. Power to withdraw the recognition of

qualification under section 14 of the act in case the institution fails to maintain its standards under section 14(1)(b) that an institution recognized by state council for the training of nurse, midwives or health visitors does not satisfy the requirement of the council.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

PRESIDENT

VICE- PRESIDENT

SECRETORY

ASSIS.SECRETORY

OFFICE STAFF

COMMITIES EXECUTIVE COMMITE THE NURSING EDUCATION COMMITE EQUIVALENCE COMMITE

INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT-1947

STATE NURSING COUNCIL

FUNCTIONS1.Regulation of training programme of the

diploma, Graduate and Post Graduate Courses.

2. Supervision of the practice of the profession by its Member.

3. Granting recognition to the training institutions and periodical Inspection there on, as the Council is governing authority of physical and clinical facilities in almost all the nursing courses conducted in the institution.

FUNCTIONS 4. Proscribing syllabus and curriculum for

various nursing courses and conducting qualifying examination there for.

5. Registration and granting certificate to qualified persons to practice their profession and to watch and take action against practice of profession by quacks and check mal-practice as well and to take action.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE PRESIDENT

VICE-PRESIDENT

MEMBERS

ADMINISRATIVE STAFF

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

TRAINED NURESES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

Establishment and Formation (TNAI)

The Association had its beginning in the Association of Nursing Superintendents which was founded in 1905, at Lucknow. The organisation was composed of nine European Nurses holding administrative posts in hospitals.

There was a need to develop Nursing as a profession and also to provide a forum where professional Nurses could meet and plan to achieve these ends.

The movement gathered momentum and soon Nurses, other than Nursing Superintendents, were seeking to share in:

upholding in every way the dignity and honour of the Nursing profession;

promoting a sense of esprit de corps among all Nurses; and

enabling members to take counsel together on matters relating to their profession.

THE STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATIONPURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS To help students nurses learn how the

professional organizations serve To promote a close rapport To furnish student nurses advice in their

coures of study leading up to professional qualifications

To encourage leadership ability

Cont,,, To increase the student nurses social contacts

and general knowledge To encourage both professional and recreational

meeting games and sports To provide a special section in the nursing

journal of india for the benefit of students To encourage students to compete for prizes in

the student nurses exihibition and to attend national and conferences

Cont,,, To help student nurses develop a co

operative spirit with other student nurses which will help them in future professional relationships

To provide a means of having a voice in what the association stands for the does

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES (I C N) OBJECTIVES: 1. Promote-development strong national nurses

associations. 2. Assist national nurses association- improve the standards of nursing, competence of nurses. 3. Assist national nurses associations improve the status of nurses 4. Authoritative voice for nurses and nursing internationally.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES (I C N) ACTIVITIES: 1. Makes policy statements - health and social

issues. 2. Offers - variety of seminars 3. Maintaining and improving the status of Nursing around the world

THE COMMONWEALTH NURSES FEDERATION AIMS: 1. Promote sharing, better communications closer relationships-

member associations. 2. Expert professional advice. 3. Scholarships-advanced study. 4. Financial assistance-professional meetings and seminars. 5. Running an office-funds received and dispersed benefit of nursing

LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSING

LAW

REASON FOR LAW SUITS Need to blame Expectation of perfection Lack of personalism Well educated public Nurses are more responsible and

accountable Increased independence Autonomy

LEGAL ISSUES

ETHICS

Introduction:-Introduction:- Ethics is the science relating to moral actions

and one’s value systems. In a professional practice like nursing, Ethical

decisions is the part of the daily nursing care. Nursing code of ethics provides the guidelines

for safe and compassionate care.

Definition:-

“Ethics is the study of the good conduct, character and good motives. It will also determine what is good and valuable for nursing”.

Code of ethics: - An international code of ethics for nurses was

first adopted by the International Council of Nurses (I C N) in 1953.

Reaffirmed at various times since, most recently with this review and revision completed in 2005

In India, nurses are following the International Council of Nurses Codes for Nurses 1993.

I C N code of Ethics:- I C N code of Ethics:-

I C N CODE: - The I C N Code of Ethics for Nurses has

four principal elements 1) Nurses and people, 2) Nurses and practice, 3) Nurses and the profession, 4) Nurses and co-workers.

VERACITY

Veracity refers to telling the truth

It requires the health care provider to tell the truth & not intentionally deceive or mislead clients

FIDELITY

Fidelity is the duty to keep promises .

It is the individual’s obligation to keep the commitments he/she has made.

It is the strict observance of promises or duties.

It is the faithfulness to agreements and responsibilities one has undertaken

CONFIDENTIALITY It means that information entrusted to professionals

in the line of duty should not be revealed to others.

Share private information on a ‘need to know basis’

In the course of caring for a patient, nurses get to know many things about that person.

The patient must feel that he or she and the nurse are in a relationship of trust and confidence for such information to be shared

“Elevator talk” is the most common spoken breach of confidentiality.

JUSTICE

It is the professional obligation to provide fair, equitable and appropriate treatment to all individuals regardless of their sex, race, social class or religion.

It includes Not favouring some individuals/groups over

others Acting in a non–discriminatory / non-

prejudicial way Respect for peoples rights Respect for the law

PURPOSE OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

To establish common ground between nurse, patient, family, other health care professionals, and society

To discuss ethical questions and make ethical decisions

To permit people to take a consistent position on specific or related Issues

To provide an analytical framework  by which moral problems can be evaluated

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:-

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:-

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:-

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: -

Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: - Nonmaleficence:-

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES Ethical principles are rules ,standards or

guidelines for action that are derived from theoretical propositions about what is good for humans

PURPOSES Establishes standards for the behavior of nurses Provides a general guidelines for nursing actions

in ethical dilemmas. Helps to distinguish between right and wrong at a

given time. Enables to take correct and uniform decision

within groups. Helps to protect the rights of

individuals ,families ,community and the nurses

1. Ann.J.Zwemier,Professional Adjustments and Ethics for Nurses in India,Page no: 232-254. 2. Zerwekh C Laborn,Nursing Today,Transition and Trends,Lippincott Publishers,Page no: 262-267,401-424. 3. Patricia,Leadership and Management,Elsevier Publishers,Page no: 475-476,80,183,376. 4. Lancastar,Nursing issues in leading and managing change,Page no: 305-312. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

5. Professional Nursing,Concepts and Challenges,

Fifth edition,

Page no: 393-419.

 6. Advanced Nursing Practice,an integrative approach,

Fourth edition,

Page no: 267-268.

 JOURNAL:

7. Article “Nursing and their professional organisations”

AJN American Journal of Nursing,

April 1946 - Volume 46 - Issue 4 - pages 229-232.

 

WEBSITES:

7. Topic Professional Organisations and Regulatory Bodies at

www.contemporarynurse.com

8. Topic The Current State of Nursing Empowerment Related to Nursing Care

www.medscape.com