Ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics.

ethics

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

Engineering Innovation | ethics

Who was Rosalind Franklin??????

What about Watson & Crick?

ethics



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/DNA-structure-and-bases.png

ethics


EN 510.103 | Rods3CNTs1 |

carbon nanotubes

V. strengthB. do much better under tension than under compression – they undergo

buckling due to their hollow structure and high aspect ratio

C. Young’s modulus was estimated by Ebbeson at NEC Research Inst (Princeton, NJ) by measuring the vibrations of free end of a nanotube that was clamped at other end

EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |

6. nanotubes & nanocomposites

•TEM grid dipped into an ethanolic soln of SWNTs

•Isolated tubes with one end free and extended over hole in the support

•Individual tubes were “stress-tested” by beam current density

•Slow-scan camera and some serious image analysis

Avg Young’s Modulus = 1.25 TPa

___

___

star wars

Nanotube Radio

BrianWilson

Layla

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/media/nanoradio-starwars.mov

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/media/nanoradio-layla.wav

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/media/nanoradio-good%20vibrations.mov

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/media/nanoradio-layla.wav

I. IdentityA. you’re stuck with your name

B.

EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |


star wars

Nanotube Radio

BrianWilson

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/media/nanoradio-starwars.mov

ethics



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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4554704.stm

Mad World

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10725773

ethics



What is ethics? What does it mean to you?

A. moral principles, values

B. code of conduct

C. tells us what is right (good) and wrong (bad)

D. system or code of morals for a religion, group or profession

E. personal code of conduct based on respect for one’s self, others, and one’s surroundings

F. a set of principles and values that govern behaviour to accord with a notion of morality

ethics



based on ethical theories

A. deontology1. we have a duty to do those things that are inherently good

2. respect each other’s autonomy

3. Follow universal laws

4. Do not use people solely as a means to an end

B. Utilitarianism1. The greatest good for the greatest number of people

2. Moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility

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Tests for solving ethical problems

A. Is it legal?

B. Is it ethical?

C. Is it moral?

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Ethics in corporations/companies

1. Identity independent of those who run the company

2. Trademarks, intellectual property as corporate assets

3. Unlike personal reputations, can erase problems by dissolving and reforming

4. Corporate ethics…….? Legal ethics….?

5. The bottom line - $$$$

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Professional bodies all have their own code of ethics

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You are a process engineer and have signed a secrecy agreement prohibits you from divulging information that the company considers proprietary.

The company has developed an adaptation of a standard piece of equipment that makes it highly efficient for cooling a viscous slurry, but decides not to patent the idea but to keep it as a trade secret.

Eventually, you leave this company and go to work for a candy manufacturer that is not in competition with your former employer. You soon realize that a modification similar to your former employer’s trade secret could be applied to a different machine used for cooling fudge, and have the change made.

Have your actions been ethical?

With express permission from the company - OK

Case study

Your company has a practice of using salaried personnel to run its highly automated plant during strikes. To provide incentive, the company grants double-time pay for any worker over 40 hours per week, plus a $100 dollar a day strike bonus. Ordinarily, overtime pay is never granted to salaried personnel, which includes engineers

You and your fellow engineers are non-union, hit hard by inflation, and welcome the opportunity to earn extra pay.

The plant is presently being struck by union operators over “unsafe” working conditions, which you eprsonally believe may be unsafe but which are not covered specifically under government safety regulations. The company disputes the union’s contention about safety. The strike looks like it could be a lengthy one.

Will you cross the picket line? Whyy?

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scientific misconduct…..research ethics….academic misconductA. Violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behaviour in professional scientific research

A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample definitions: [

1. Danish Definition: "Intention(al) or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist"

2. Swedish Definition: "Intention(al) distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways."

B. The consequences of scientific misconduct can be severe at a personal level for both perpetrators and any individual who exposes it.

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scientific misconduct…..research ethics….academic misconductC. three main “motivators” for scientists to commit misconduct

1. career pressure

2. perpetrators always think they know the right answer

3. areas where reproducibility is not expected to be precise (biology rather than e.g. physics)

4. Money, ideology, pride

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Engineering Innovation | ethics http://www.jhu.edu/ethics/

ethics



Paul HaughPaul Haugh was suspended from a private high school for plagiarism. The high school notified colleges that had accepted Haugh of the plagiarism. Haugh then sued in federal district court alleging breach of contract and libel. Haugh "failed to offer any evidence whatsoever to refute the charge of plagiarism. Furthermore, they did not, either in their pleadings or in their proof, ever assert that the charges of plagiarism or of lying were untrue." Haugh v. Bullis School, 1990 WL 33945 at *1 (4thCir. 1990). The district court granted the school's motion for summary judgment. Haugh then filed an appeal in the Court of Appeals, which affirmed the district court, found the appeal to be both meritless and frivolous, and ordered Haugh to pay US$ 7136 in attorney's fees for the appeal to the school. Id. *1-*2.

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Jason YuDr. Yu was a tenured professor of civil engineering at the University of Utah. The Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee at that University concluded that Yu had failed to give credit to a co-author, which was one instance of plagiarism. They also concluded that Yu had failed to give authorship credit to two former students at Virginia Polytechnic University, Yu's previous employer, for two publications that "were 90% prepared" by the students, which were two other instances of plagiarism. The University of Utah Committee recommended that Yu be suspended for one year without pay. The president of the University accepted this recommendation, but Yu appealed to the internal grievance committee. The grievance committee remanded to the Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee, which on its second hearing recommended that Yu be permanently dismissed from the University, and the president accepted that recommendation. Yu then filed suit in federal district court, which found that "there was ample evidence to support the charges of plagiarism and that termination was permissible under the university's regulations. The court dismissed the action sua sponte." Yu v. Peterson, 13 F.3d 1413, 1415 (10thCir. 1993). Yu appealed and the Court of Appeals affirmed the district court.

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The rules state in a penalty kick, the goalkeeper must not move forward off the goal lineuntil the ball is kicked. Yet U.S. goalie Briana Scurry did precisely thatand was thereby able to block a critical shot that led to the US

winning the World Cup.

Scurry said "Everybody does it.

It's only cheating if you get caught." Her coach remarked "You've got to stretch the rules. Sometimes in Americawe lack the sophistication and we try to play it right by the written law. But the written rule and the spirit of the rule are two different things."

What do you think?

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Jan Hendrik Schon…..

German physicist, received the Otto-Klung-Weberbank Prize for Physics in 2001, the Braunschweig Proze in 2001, Outstanding young investigator of the Materials Research Society in 2002

Hired by Bell Labs in 1997

Condensed matter physics and nanotechnology

In 2001 he was listed as an author on an average of 1 research paper every 8 days

In 2001 he announced (in Nature) that he had produced a transistor on the molecular scale

Would have been the beginning of a move away from Si-based electronics

Enable Moore’s Law for much longer….

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I. Nanotube radio

EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |


Suspicions arose when it was noticed 2 experiments carried out at different temps had identical noise

Schon claimed he accidently submitted the same graph twice

Same noise in a 3rd paper

Formal investigation by Bell Labs

Schon had kept no lab notebooks, raw data files had been erased, no samples remained

Sept 25th 2002 the committee publicly released the report which showed 24 allegations of misconduct

Schon fired that day. In 2004 the Uni. Of Konstanz revoked his PhD

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Science is a marketplace of ideas, where good ideasmust be proven wrong in order to be replaced by better ones

Being wrong is an essential part of progress in science

Must not confuse being wrong with being guilty

Science is self-correcting……

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/11352

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