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Relation to
Other
Sciences
Presented by:
JOVELYN E. TABON
MEM
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• Is disease a good thing or a badthing?
• Is hunting right or wrong?
• In what situation is euthanasiaright?
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 2ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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Science versus Ethics
• People who obey social disciplinesand general principles arerespectable, yet their behaviors anddeeds may not be characterized asethical.
• Should we consider habitual deedsmoral?
• If science and ethics cannot unite, itis better to say that ethics begins
where science ends.Wednesday, January 4, 2012 3ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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Science and Ethics: Nature andDifferences
• Ethical problems are constituted at least in part bydisagreement in attitude, while scientific problemsare constituted only by disagreement in belief.
• The function of ethical inquiry is at least in part tocoordinate or settle attitudes, while the function of
scientific inquiry is to coordinate or settle onlybeliefs.
• Ethical language, then, must have features,namely, emotive meaning, that make it apt forcoordinating attitudes, while scientific language
need only have features, namely, descriptivemeaning that make it apt for coordinating beliefs.
• The linguistic methods for resolving ethical disputesmust be grounded at least in part by the relations
among beliefs and attitudes, while those forresolving scientific disputes need be guided only byWednesday, January 4, 2012 4ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Genes play an
important part inshaping who weare; but in no waydo they determine
who we are, or howwe behave.
• Cloning turnshuman beings intomeans, not ends.
• Cloning isunnatural.
ETHICS
• In creating exact
copies of people,we underminehuman dignity andpersonal identity.
• The individualshould never bethought of merelyas a means, butalways also as anend.
• The birth of ourprogeny is a gift
bestowed by God orWednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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BUSINESS
•
Capitalism prevails.
• Usually deceivepeople withincomplete facts,
opinions andtestimonies.
ETHICS
•
Business ethics wasborn in 1960s.• Truth is based on
people’s attitudes.
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Politics was merelya branch of ethics -Plato
• Politics is divided
into two: the moralaction of theindividual and theState – Aristotle
•
Hypocrisy, badfaith, deception,falsehood, duplicity,violence, evenmurder are
legitimate means
ETHICS
• The end of theState was virtue -Plato
• Politics as the main
ethical science –Aristotle
•
There is noconnection betweenethics and politics -Machiavelli
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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LAW
•
Constitution• Truth is based on
evidence.
• Physical and mental
punishment• It changes over
time.• It varies from place
to place.• Political and
economic interestsoften determinewhich laws getpassed and what is
ETHICS
•
Bible, Quran, etc.• Truth is based on
people’s attitudes.• Emotional and
social punishment• It transcends time.• Usually similar in
any place.
•
It does not followthe whims of politics.
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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LOGIC
•
Studies the processof correct andorganized thinking
• Focused foremoston demands of materials,nonhuman world, orworld of “things” inone’s environment
• Task-oriented• Shows their
feelings for theirpartners by doing
things for them
ETHICS
•
Study of correctaction or doing
• Focused foremoston demands of subjective humanworld, or world of people andrelationships
• People-oriented• Shows people’s
feelings for their
partners directlythrough emotionsWednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presented
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PSYCHOLOGY
• Studies how manbehaves
• Not interested in
the morality of human behavior
• Scientific study of mental andbehavioralcharacteristics,associated with aparticular kind of behavior
ETHICS
• Studies how manought to behave
• Concerned withman’s moral
obligation or theresult of hisbehavior
• Study of humanbehavior from theperspective of morality
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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SOCIOLOGY
• Deals with thestudy of socialorder
• Deals with human
relations in asociety
ETHICS
• Deals with thestudy of moralorder in the society
• Deals with how
human relationswork in a society
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According to Kant,
...Ethics calls for patience andconfidence. The moral characteristicsmodeled by the pioneers of knowledge
(wisdom, bravery, self-control, and justice) were ethics, not theiroutcome… Ethics in its true sense
precedes science, technique, andpeople’s relations.
Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM
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According to Albert Einstein,
…The most beautiful and deepestexperience a man can have is thesense of the mysterious. It is the
underlying principle of religion as wellas all serious endeavors in art andscience. He who never had thisexperience seems to me, if not dead,then at least blind… In this sense, I amreligious…
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According to Marquis De
Sade and Denis Diderot,…whenever wisdom and science areseparated from ethics and ethical
ends, they act against themselves andturn to violence and savagery.
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The very existence of an ethical
world depends on the human capacityfor conscious design. What allowshumans to live in a moral world is our
ability to distinguish between right andwrong, and to act upon that distinctionto transform both ourselves and ourworld for the better.
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Think ethically andscientifically
You are in a boat. Four peoplefall overboard: a female baby, an
older woman, an older man, and ababy boy. You cannot save themall. Who do you save and why?
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