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FundamentalsFundamentals

ofof

Ethics and ValuesEthics and Values

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Values and EthicsValues and Ethics

What do you believe in?What do you believe in?Who do you care about?Who do you care about?What motivates you?What motivates you?Are you a spiritual person?Are you a spiritual person?Why are you really in Institution?Why are you really in Institution?How do you tell theHow do you tell the

diference between right and wrong? diference between right and wrong?

Lets take a

look at what

really

matters to

you.

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Values andValues and

EthicsEthics ValuesValuesare concerned with what isare concerned with what is

goodgoodandand desirabledesirable, while, while ethicsethicsdealdeal

with what iswith what is rightrightandand correctcorrect.. Ethical ilemmaEthical ilemma! situation where one! situation where one

must ma"e a choice among two ormust ma"e a choice among two or

more alternatives. A dilemma occursmore alternatives. A dilemma occurs

when no one answer can con#orm towhen no one answer can con#orm to

all the ethical principles involved.all the ethical principles involved.

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44

EthicsEthics

EthosEthos$ %ree" word #or &character' and$ %ree" word #or &character' and&customs' (traditions)&customs' (traditions)

EthicsEthics$ &the discipline o# what is good or$ &the discipline o# what is good or

bad, with moral duty * obligation+ principlesbad, with moral duty * obligation+ principles

o# conduct governing an individual or group'o# conduct governing an individual or group'

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Ethics:Ethics: Ethical codes o# conductEthical codes o# conduct

instruct us on what we ought orinstruct us on what we ought or

ought not to do.ought not to do.

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Identifying EthicsIdentifying Ethics

Principles of ethics should provide usPrinciples of ethics should provide us

guidance as we make choices in aguidance as we make choices in a

complicated world.complicated world.

Ethics should help us to identify moralEthics should help us to identify moral

principles and morally relevant featuresprinciples and morally relevant featuresof the choices we face.of the choices we face.

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here is no simple &recipe' #or ethicalhere is no simple &recipe' #or ethical

decision ma"ing.decision ma"ing.

-hilosophical and religious theories-hilosophical and religious theories

and alternative values play together.and alternative values play together.

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Role of Religious Belief in Ethics:Role of Religious Belief in Ethics:or those o# us who have religiousor those o# us who have religious

belie#s, o#ten these belie#s arebelie#s, o#ten these belie#s areintimately tied to our values and to theintimately tied to our values and to the

ethical principles we accept. /utethical principles we accept. /ut itit

would be a mista"e to suppose thatwould be a mista"e to suppose that

ethical values are simply religious valuesethical values are simply religious values0at least, the relationship is more0at least, the relationship is more

comple1 than people sometimes reali2e.comple1 than people sometimes reali2e.

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99

ValuesValues &&Value' ! #rom the 3atin &valere'$ &to beValue' ! #rom the 3atin &valere'$ &to be

strong',strong',

&to be worth'&to be worth'

! Values are #eelings and convictions regardingValues are #eelings and convictions regardingwhat is o# &strong worth' (i.e. &important')what is o# &strong worth' (i.e. &important')

to us in what we thin", say or doto us in what we thin", say or do

! Values are inherent in all societies ! idealsValues are inherent in all societies ! ideals

and shared belie#s that bond a communityand shared belie#s that bond a communitytogethertogether

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What areWhat are

values?values?

hey are the ideas and belie#s about li#ehey are the ideas and belie#s about li#ethat guide us to do what we do and bethat guide us to do what we do and be

what we are4what we are4

hey can be about$hey can be about$-olitics-olitics amilyamily riendsriends

5eligion5eligion ishonestyishonesty

/eing o# service/eing o# service a"ing 5is"sa"ing 5is"s

EducationEducation 5espect5espect

6oney6oney 3eisure3eisure7areer7areer And so on4And so on4

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1111

What are human values?What are human values?

Universal valuesUniversal values that spanthat spanacrossacrosscultures, nationalities and classescultures, nationalities and classes

The desirable qualitiesThe desirable qualitiesinherent ininherent inevery human beingevery human being

Values to be brought out,Values to be brought out,notnot

&poured in'&poured in'

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Basic Values:Basic Values:

rustworthinessrustworthiness

5espect5espect 5esponsibility5esponsibility

airnessairness

7aring7aring 7iti2enship7iti2enship

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Dierent kinds of ValuesDierent kinds of Values

6oral Values$6oral Values$! Values you hold #or yoursel# butValues you hold #or yoursel# but

don8t #orce on others such as rightdon8t #orce on others such as rightvs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty,vs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty,being o# service to othersbeing o# service to others

Aesthetic Values$Aesthetic Values$! -ersonal standards o# beauty as-ersonal standards o# beauty as

seen in nature, art, music, personalseen in nature, art, music, personalappearanceappearance

-er#ormance Values$-er#ormance Values$! /enchmar"s you set #or yoursel#/enchmar"s you set #or yoursel#such as accuracy, speed, reward #orsuch as accuracy, speed, reward #orachievement, sel#9discipline andachievement, sel#9discipline andoverall accomplishmentoverall accomplishment

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Values ChecklistValues Checklist Having good #riendsHaving good #riends

Having a positive relationshipHaving a positive relationship Having sel#9respect : theHaving sel#9respect : the

respect o# othersrespect o# others /eing ;nancially secure/eing ;nancially secure /eing spiritual/eing spiritual

6a"ing a meaning#ul6a"ing a meaning#ulcontribution to man"indcontribution to man"ind /eing a moral person/eing a moral person /eing a great athlete/eing a great athlete /eing physically attractive/eing physically attractive /eing creative/eing creative

/eing personally responsible/eing personally responsible %etting along well with people%etting along well with people

in generalin general

Having #reedom andHaving #reedom and

independenceindependence /eing well educated/eing well educated

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Where do we get values?Where do we get values?

our homes,our homes, school,school, society,society,

friends,friends, V,V, !os"ue,!os"ue,

music,music, #ooks,#ooks, families,families,

culture,culture, em$loyers,em$loyers, Cor$oration,Cor$oration,

%actories etc%actories etc

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=our age will greatly in>uence your=our age will greatly in>uence yourvalues. iferent people and thingsvalues. iferent people and things

in>uence you at diferent ages$in>uence you at diferent ages$ Ages 9@ 999 parentsAges 9@ 999 parents

Ages 9B 999 teachers, heroes (sports,Ages 9B 999 teachers, heroes (sports,roc"s, V)roc"s, V)

Ages C9D 999 AccompanyAges C9D 999 Accompany

Ages DF your values are established,Ages DF your values are established,but you may test your values #rombut you may test your values #rom

time to time.time to time.

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What more #asic values areWhat more #asic values are

involved?involved?

Helping out on your #ather9in9law8s #arm,Helping out on your #ather9in9law8s #arm,

you discover that he has ceased to useyou discover that he has ceased to use

appropriate environmental precautions.appropriate environmental precautions.

His plow patterns are leading toHis plow patterns are leading to

e1cessive soil erosion and e1cessivee1cessive soil erosion and e1cessive

pesticide run9of. here is reason topesticide run9of. here is reason to

believe that his unsa#e practices arebelieve that his unsa#e practices are

signi;cantly contributing to groundwatersigni;cantly contributing to groundwater

contamination, and that erosion #rom hiscontamination, and that erosion #rom his

;elds is;elds is

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Ethics and ethical decision ma"ing are notEthics and ethical decision ma"ing are notsimply the province o# philosophers orsimply the province o# philosophers orethicists. Gur choices reveal our values toethicists. Gur choices reveal our values to

the world. hese values are eitherthe world. hese values are eitherunre>ective and shallow, or re>ective andunre>ective and shallow, or re>ective anddeep.deep.

-hilosophical deliberation should help us to-hilosophical deliberation should help us toma"e our values and choices deep andma"e our values and choices deep andthought#ul. 6aybe this ma"es it morethought#ul. 6aybe this ma"es it moreli"ely that our choices will be the rightli"ely that our choices will be the rightones.ones.

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&y$ocrite ' (ne )ho su#scri#es to&y$ocrite ' (ne )ho su#scri#es to

one set of values, and does another*one set of values, and does another*

+mmaturity (ne )ho has not+mmaturity (ne )ho has not

identi-ed his values*identi-ed his values*

6aturity6aturity! 7lear values7lear values

! 3i#e o# purpose3i#e o# purpose

! 6eaning and6eaning and

directiondirection

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..+t/s not doing+t/s not doingthingsthings

right,right,

#ut doing the right#ut doing the right

things*things*&&

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G-E G56G-E G56

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Values 0 EthicsValues 0 Ethics

he words morals and morality came up regularly.he words morals and morality came up regularly. Is there a connection between morality andIs there a connection between morality and

ethics?ethics? %enerally, the words are used interchangeably.%enerally, the words are used interchangeably.

here is, however, a diference$here is, however, a diference$

! 6orality is usually more6orality is usually more theoreticaltheoretical+ it is a+ it is aphilosophical concept.philosophical concept.

! Ethics are theEthics are the practical applicationpractical applicationo# moralityo# moralityin daily li#e.in daily li#e.

he diference is that o#he diference is that o# theorytheoryandand practice.practice. I# a person has a moral character, he or she willI# a person has a moral character, he or she will

generally deal with other people in an ethicalgenerally deal with other people in an ethicalmannermanner