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Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Chapter 7.3
I. CELLULAR BOUNDARIES
• Plasma/Cell Membrane– Selectively permeable– Chapter 7.2 (phospholipid bi-layer)
• Cell Wall– Fairly rigid– Only found in plant cells– Made of carbohydrate called cellulose
II. NUCLEUS AND CELL CONTROL
• Nucleus– Leader of cellular
activities– “brain” of a cell– Contains chromatin• Strands of DNA
• Nucleolus– Prominent organelle inside the nucleus
II. NUCLEUS AND CELL CONTROL
• Ribosomes– Sites of protein synthesis according to DNA’s
directions– Made of RNA and protein– Most are made in the nucleus, and leave to go to the
cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum• Cytoplasm– Clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell– Used to help cell maintain shape and to protect
organelles within the cell.
Ribosome
III. ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Site of cellular chemical reactions– Most ribosomes are located on this organelle• “Rough-Endoplasmic reticulum”
– A series of highly folded membranes in the cytoplasm• Similar to an accordian
Endoplasmic Reticulum
III. ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
• Golgi Apparatus– Flattened stack of tubular membranes– Modifies proteins– Sorts proteins into – packages and packs – them into vesicles• Then are sent to appropriate “destination” within or outsidEthe cell
III. ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
• Vacuoles– Membrane bound compartments in a cell– Used for temporary storage of materials in a cell
• Food, enzymes, waste, etc.– 1 large in a plant cell– Many small in an animal cell
• Lysosomes– Organelles that contain “digestive” enzymes– Digest excess or worn out organelles, virus, bacteria,
etc.
Lysosomes Come from Golgi
IV. ENERGY TRANSFORMERS
• Chloroplasts– Capture light energy and convert it into chemical
energy (glucose)– Found in plant cells– Double membrane organelle– Inside contains stacks of thylakoid discs called a
“grana”– Fluid that surrounds these grana is called
“stroma”
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cilia vs. Flagella