EUMETSAT’s Support to Climate Services Joachim Saalmüller ... · Herders in Africa always have...

1 IBCS Management Committee – October 2016

EUMETSAT’s Support to Climate ServicesJoachim Saalmüller

Jörg Schulz Vincent Gabaglio

Mark Higgins


Outline

• Our role in support of climate services• Our infrastructure and reprocessing activities

• Value Streams from Sensing to Application• Our contributions to Capacity Building

• Climate relevant initiatives• Training opportunities

• Data Access Infrastructure


Our mandate and role

• Our mandate: Contribute to the operational monitoring of the climate and the detection of global climatic changes

• Our role: • delivering advanced multi-satellite programmes with

long-term commitment• Maintaining a unique archive of decades of of space-

based observations (ocean, atmo, land)• Producing consistent climate data records and providing

easy access• Supporting climate-related capacity building initiatives

4 EUM/OPS/VWG/15/818608 V1 28 July 2015

Weather and Climate

• Weather:

the fluctuating state of the atmosphere around us

• Climate:

the average, variations and extremes of weather in a region over long periods of time

� We do see a natural convergence of the methods, tools and data

used for studying weather and climate.


Current EUMETSAT Satellite Fleet (excl. Met-7)


Geostationary Satellites over the years

Me

t-1

Met-3


METEOSAT 1 Infrared Channel

4th February 1979

45 images

Every 30 minutes from 00:00 UTC until 23:30 UTC (missing images at 8:00 and 8:30 UTC)


New Observation Techniques

No Name


Issue with long series of satellite data

Time

What is measured=

Climate signal

Station effects

Noise Time

What is measured=

Climate signal

Satellite and instrument effects

Noise


This results in a rather inhomogeneous time series

• Quality of data need to be assessed and improved per instrument;

• Data can be re-calibrated to reference observations that also has the effect of data record homogenisation.


Data Quality Improvement Through Reprocessing

Rainbow Valley, Central Australia


Meteosat First Generation Infrared Channel FCDR

• Covers data from Meteosat-4, 5, 6,and 7;• Data are referenced to the IASI instrument onboard Metop-A;• NASA AIRS and NOAA HIRS instruments have been used as means of

calibration transfer in time.


EUMETSAT Contributions to GCOS ECV Data Records

• EUMETSAT Secretariat provides Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDR, i.e. Radiances or RO Bending Angles) for its sensors serving as input to data records on geophysical variable (Essential Climate Variables) (yellow);

• The SAF network provides single and multi-sensor ECV data records using the FCDRs (indicated in pink);

• Data record generation is performed using operational processing systems.

Atmosphere Ocean Terrestrial

Composition Surface

Aerosol Properties Sea Surface Temperature Land Cover

Carbon Dioxide & Methan Sea Level Fire Disturbance

Ozone Sea Ice Soil Moisture

Long-Lived Green House Gases Ocean Colour Glaciers and Ice Caps

Sea State Ice Sheets

Upper Air Current Snow Cover

Cloud Properties Sea Surface Salinity Albedo

Temperature Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure Leaf Area Index

Water Vapour Phytoplankton FAPAR

Wind Speed and Direction Ocean Adicity Lakes

Earth Radiation Budget Sub surface Above Ground Biomass

Near Surface Carbon Permafrost

Air Pressure Current Ground Water

Air Temperature Nutrients River Discharge

Precipitation Ocean Adicity Soil Carbon

Radiation Budget Oxygen Land Surface Temperature

Water Vapour (Humidity) Salinity

Wind Speed Temperature

Tracers

Global Ocean Heat Content

EUMETSAT FCDR EUMETSAT ECV


Value streams from Sensing to application


Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space (WMO Cg XVI, Res. 19)


EUMETSAT SAF network across Europe

17 IBCS Management Committee – October 2016Courtesy of J. Schulz & R. Hollmann


Information Transfer

Otto, J., C. Brown, C. Buontempo, F. Doblas-Reyes, D. Jacob, M. Juckes, E. Keup-Thiel, B. Kurnik, J. Schulz, A. Taylor, T. Verhoelst,P. Walton, 2016: Uncertainty: Lessons learned for climate services. Bulletin of American MeteorologicalSociety, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0173.1.


Application of CDR in Numerical Modelling

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE CLIMATE DATA RECORDS IN NUMERICAL MODELING

• Data assimilation (reanalyses); (See example)

• Validation of model performance (Obs4Mips project for CMIP);

• Model initialisation (decadal prediction) ;

• Process-oriented model evaluation and improvement using satellite data.


20

Global reanalyses:

• Uses huge parts of reprocessed satellite data from EUMETSAT;

• Has more than 20,000 registered external users (ERA INTERIM);

• Is used for:− Climate change impact studies;− Assessment of wind energy potential;− Reinsurance risk analysis;

− Academic research, e.g., model validation;

− Downstream modelling applications, e.g., at regional scale with higher spatial resolution.

Entering the Value Chain Upstream: Reanalyses

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

EUM

Bending angles from GPS radio occultation

Backscatter (winds over ocean)

EUM

Atmospheric Motion Vectors

Ozone

Hyper-spectral InfraredRadiances

Geostationary Imagery

Infrared radiances

Microwave radiances

Imagery

Sounding

TroposphereSounding

StratosphereSounding


• A Project for identifying, documenting and

disseminating observations for climate model

evaluation;

• Greatly facilitating research on the quality of

today’s climate models;

• Facilitates access to on the Earth System Grid

Federation (ESGF) alongside the Coupled Model

Intercomparison Projection (CMIP) model

output;

• Guided by the World Climate Research Program

(WCRP) Data Advisory Council obs4MIPS Task

Team.

obs4MIPshttps://www.earthsystemcog.org/projects/obs4mips/

Obs4MIPs

…. and growing!

Model

OutputGridded

datasets

Gridded

datasets

Target Quantities


Reaching Downstream: Monitoring Arctic Sea Ice Exte nt (OSI-SAF)

22

1 October 1992

1 October 2007

1 October 1992

1 October 2007


SST PATTERNCHANGES

(interhemispherical)

Slide: 23

cooler

warmer

ITCZ shifts South

Monsoon circulation weakens

PRECIPITATIONDECREASES

MONSOONWEAKENS

Zeng, N. (2003). “Drought in the Sahel.” Science 302(5647): 999-1000.

Applications: Albedo response to a precipitation change

VEGETATIONDEPLETION

ALBEDOINCREASES


From observations to information

New opportunities in climate modelling using long-term satellite observationsExample Sahel drought: How does the land surface affect droughts?

Courtesy of Alexander Loew, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany

19842003

EUMETSAT Surface Albedo Climate Data Record


Assimilation of EUMETSAT albedo observations in ECHAM

Deseasonalized anomalies

... results in more realistic precipitation variability

Model

Model

Observations

Courtesy of Alexander Loew, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany


Reaching downstream: Vegetation Index for Index Insurance

• Insurance of livestock against drought:

� Herders in Africa always have problems to get insurance for their livestock because insurance companies cannot verify loss for logistic reasons;

� Satellite products such as Vegetation Monitoring can help to assess if the conditions really represent drought conditions, e.g., through the establishment of a threshold value in NDVI where it becomes likely that livestock start to die;

� More advanced satellite products may even relate several geophysical variables to better describe drought condition to refine such approaches, e.g., soil moisture, precipitation, and change in surface albedo.


Application example: Crop Monitor

Reference: Case Study 5 in “SATELLITES FOR CLIMATE SERVICES”, WMO No. 1162

Hollmann et al., CM SAF User Workshop, Grainau, 10. -12. March 2014 2810. March 2014

Linking Heat Waves and Biosphere Anomalies:- satellite-based analyses offer a highly integral view of the response of our biosphere to climate variation and change.

Stöckli et al. (2004) in Allen&Lord (2004) Nature, 432: 551-552MODIS/TERRA satellite data from July & August 2003 versus 2000-2007

Land Surface Temperature Anomaly Leaf Area Index Anomaly

Example: Meteosat + SEVIRI data set, Land Surface Temperature


Solar Energy

Regional ClimateMonitoring

Arctic Sea Ice

CMIP5 evaluation

NWP modelevaluation

Climate modelevaluation

Trend assessments

Climate Analysis


Regional ClimateMonitoring

Solar Energy

Arctic Sea Ice

CMIP5 evaluation

NWP modelevaluation

Climate modelevaluation

Trend assessments

Climate Analysis

Use of CM SAF Data in climate monitoring activities


Climate change monitoring: Mean sea level

Sentinel-3 and Jason-3 go here!

R. Scharoo, 2016


Application example: Sea level rise and coastal imp act

Reference: Case Study 2 in “SATELLITES FOR CLIMATE SERVICES”, WMO No. 1162


Contribution to Capacity Building

• EUMETSAT contribute to build capacities in order to ensure users can

• get easier access to the data• make best use of the data

• Aim is to help individual countries and regions to meet their respective need

• This is implemented through: • Infrastructure for data access• Training programme• Contribution to (EU funded) capacity building initiatives

• Main focus on WMO RA-I and RA-VI


Contribution to Capacity building initiatives

• PUMA – 2001-2006, 11M€ (8th EDF), implemented by KMD• 53 PUMA receiving station deployed at NMHS• 350 African NMHS technicians trained• 6 Pilot Projects (Outlook activities) -> AMESD

• AMESD – 2007-2013, 21M€ (9th EDF), implemented by AUC• All PUMA stations maintained and upgraded• Training (1000 experts trained)• Meteorological and Environmental services

• MESA – 2013-2017, 37M€ (10th EDF), implemented by AUC• All PUMA station maintained and upgraded• Training (target 2000 experts training)• Meteorological, Environmental and Climate services

• Disaster Resilience R3 - 2014-2019, 20M€ (10th EDF) implemented by AfDB• Access to Polar Orbiting satellite to improve

Numerical Weather forecasting• Training (all Regional Meteorological Centres and NMHS)• Early warning system S A W I D R A


MESA Climate Services

• Steered by African Union Commission

• Implemented by ACMAD, in cooperation with AGRHYMET, ICPAC, SADC-CSC and two universities (Dakar and Nairobi)

• Two operational services:

• Service #1: Climate change assessment

• Target group: Decision makers

• Service #2: Drought and seasonal climate forecast

• Target group: NMHS, regional institutions


Results and prospects for Capacity building initiatives• Projects focus in building capacities through strengthening of

regional capacities, aiming to bring more sustained benefits at country level (leveraging effect)

• Concrete outcomes of these projects:• Continuous data reception since more than 10 years in all countries• Several national experts trained • Strengthened capacity at Regional Climate Centre• Benefits for other regional/national projects and initiatives (e.g

Global Climate Change Alliance in Mauritania, Green Climate Fund – Hydromet Africa programme in Mali, H2020 funded projects on food security (SIGMA), etc)

• EUMETSAT will continue supporting CB projects in the areas of Climate Services, focusing on regional dimension of the GFCS Implementation plan, complementing other initiatives and projects focusing on Global and National levels.


User training

• We draw on a network of partners in Europe and globally for training (WMO-CGMS VLab - http://www.wmo-sat.info/vlab/).

• These established partnerships provide a stable platform to train new sources of data and new services


User training

• Training has taken place in Europe and Africa on the CM SAF data

• Demonstrates very high interest in the ease of use of data – gridded, documented, and with tool kits –such as the CM SAF data.

• The tool kit is essential• Agricultural and energy applications generate the most

interest and readiness to use the data• A greater range of Level-2 data is needed


Accessing our data


EUMETCast – push access to Near real-time data

EUMETSAT’s integrated dissemination system for environmental data

Key Features:

• Targeting a wide audience – virtual global coverage

• Secure delivery of data files to targeted audience

• Scalable to cover large and small volumes of data

• Low cost, user-friendly satellite receiving equipment

• Similar to satellite TV reception (DVB-S/S2)

• Delivers a wide range of earth observation data/products

EUMETCast station set-up video


EUMETCast Global User Community

EUMETCast � Users Worldwide as of 30 June 2016

• 2799 users in Member States• 5 users in a Cooperating State • 337 users in Africa• 3425 users world-wide

4

3

2-10

11-50

51-200

201-500

1 User

500+

0 User

EUMETCast AmericasSES 6, C-BAND

EUMETCast AfricaEUTELSAT 5 WEST A, C-BAND

EUMETCast EuropeEUTELSAT 9 A, KU-BAND


• Archived data starting 1981 (over 30 years of Meteosat data);

• Data Centre contains all EUMETSAT Satellite data including reprocessed data;

• Long-Term Data Preservation in practice since 1995;

• Ordering is available to everybody and free of charge;

• Web based User Services Client to access product catalogue and order data;

• Delivery of data is either via the Internet or via Media (on average per month ca. 700.000 files or 40 TB delivery);

Data Centre – Data from the Long -Term Archive

Video on Ordering Process

ARCHIVE.EUMETSAT.INT


Accessing our data

• Cloud, radiation and water vapor data are discoverable from the cmsaf.eu portal.

• Data are available free to all

• Great example of a climate atlas: http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Images/ImageLibrary/DAT_2266050.html


EUMETView Web Mapping Service

EUMETVIEW.EUMETSAT.INT


The service we currently provide allows you to...

• ...Get a rapid visualization of the last couple of days worth of imagery in your internet browser, including 4 individual MSG channels, the RGBs and selected products.

• ...Animate those.• ...Do the same through a GIS client or similar

visualization tool on the user side, harvesting the respectrive layers from the EUMETViewserver and combining with any other compatible visualization (e.g. model output, radar)

• Excellent for training and data exploration • It is not a replacement for your operational and

highly reliable data stream on EUMETCast!


Product Navigator – Data discovery at your fingertip s

Key Features:

• Metadata descriptions, data provider and data access information

• Links to resource information (e.g. user documentation)

• Includes all EUMETSAT and Third-party products, including those delivered through EUMETCast

• Sentinel-3 marine products are included

• Uses open standards (e.g. OGC, Inspire) for catalogue interoperability with other organisations

http://navigator.eumetsat.int

Playexplanatory video


Data Subscription – Registration via Earth Observation Portal

• Single Access Point -registration portal for all data provided by EUMETSAT

• Users can subscribe to data services:

• Near-real time data (e.g. via EUMETCast)

• Data for download e.g. Online Data Access

• Long Term Archive, Data Centre

• In addition user can subscribe to User Notifications Service (UNS) emails


EUMETCast Overview

80 product collections on EUMETCast covering:• Ocean colour• SST• Surface wind• Ocean

topography• Sea Ice


EUMETCast - footprints

• EUMETCast Europe

• Eutelsat 10A• Ku-band• Position: 10° East• Launched: 2009


EUMETCast – Africa footprint

• EUMETCast Africa• Eutelsat 5 West A

(was AB-3)• C-band• Position: 5° West• Launched: 07/02


Training in Africa (from October 2015)

• Satellite applications for agriculture with WMO• Ethiopia, March 2016, 40 participants from Africa• Zimbabwe, October 2016, ~25 participants

• ESAC (Meteosat applications course) with VlabCentres of Excellence

• Niger, Niamey, November 2015, 22 participants, focus on Aviation forecasting• South Africa, Pretoria, March 2016, 9 participants, focus on Climate applications• Kenya, Nairobi, August 2016, 32 participants, focus on operational forecasting• Niger, Niamey, November 2016, ~25 participants, focus on convection and dust

• On-line resources developed in Africa: • ASMET modules (2700 visits/year from Africa)

TRAINING.EUMETSAT.INT


Copernicus Online Data Access (ODA) for Sentinel-3

ODA Subscription:

• All Sentinel-3 marine products and datasets are available via the ODA

• ODA comprises one-month rolling buffer of data

• Users subscribe via the EOP to the products & dataset they wish to download

• The product ID corresponds to the files on the ODA

• Access to the ODA is through the user’s EOP account credentials

• ODA can be accessed through an ftp client


User Service Helpdesk

Please don’t hesitate to approach our helpdesk available to you

• During normal working hours, Monday to Thursday 08:30–17:15 CET, Friday 08:30–16:00 CET.

• Tel: +49 6151 807 3660/3770Fax: +49 6151 807 3790

• Email: [email protected]


pics.eumetsat.int

On the web

One full disk image per day since 1984

Your most memorable days of the past 32 years from space...

Customize it...

Print it...

Its also in your conference kit on USB


Summary messages

• We operate long-term infrastructure and generates climate data records as an input to various applications driven by partners.

• We coordinate this effort at global level through the Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space (CEOS/CGMS)

• We contribute to Capacity Building and are open to discuss further cooperation to facilitate data access (e.g.EUMETCast) and use of our data (Training)

• We engage at regional level and look forward to further contribute to strengthen the regional component of the GFCS.


Where to find what

eoportal.eumetsat.int � create and manage an account,

subscribe to servicesnavigator.eumetsat.int

� explore our catalogue, what and where on our data and products

eumetview.eumetsat.int� visualize and explore, layer it in GIS

archive.eumetsat.int� order past data

training.eumetsat.int� what, when and where on user training

pics.eumetsat.int� one image per day since 1983

Everything else at our User Service Helpdesk: [email protected]


Thank you

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EUMETSAT’s Support to Climate Services Joachim Saalmüller ... · Herders in Africa always have...

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