EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE - asemwaterbudapest2018.hu · Managed Aquifer Recharge Challange and...

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EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management

Urban solutions for global challenges13-14 September 2018 Budapest



Managed Aquifer Recharge

Challange and OpportunityJ.P. Lobo Ferreira and Teresa Leitão (LNEC), PortugalJ. P. Monteiro (UniAlg) and Tiago Carvalho (TARH), PortugalChristoph Schüth (TUD), Germany and Enrique F. Escalante (TRAGSA), Spain E. Filippi, V. Marsala (SGI), M. Ferri (AAWA) and Rudy Rossetto (SSSA UP), Italy

Managed Aquifer Recharge refers to different recharge techniques that allowsreclaimed water to penetrate into the ground:

- percolating through unsaturated soil (surface groundwater recharge),

- or from below the ground, by injection or recharge wells (subsurface groundwater recharge).

The advantage is that reclaimed water such as treated blackwater, graywater orstormwater is not just discharged into surface waters, but reused as water for irrigationin agriculture or to intentionally recharge groundwater aquifers via MAR.

PORTO WATER INNOVATION WEEK 201724 to 30 SEPTEMBER PORTO, PORTUGAL


Managed Aquifer Recharge - Principles

Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

Precipitation natural variation in

Mediterranean countries: the example of

Portugal

Percentage of water reuse

Average yearly recharge:

245 mm/yr

83,4 % Rec 1979-2009

Model HadRM2S92a

Average surface runoff:

100 mm/yr

87,6 % SR 1979-2009

Climate change impact


> Groundwater levels change due to groundwater recharge decrease

> Consequences of aquifer behaviour change:⚫ Modifications in groundwater recharges amounts

and periods

⚫ Modification in groundwater flow directions

⚫ Modification in the amount of groundwater reaching GW dependent ecosystems

⚫ Modification on the behaviour of GW dependant ecosystems (eventually at risk)

Climate change impacts on the behaviour of aquifers and consequently on Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

1) Groundwater levels today

2) Groundwater levels change between

today's values and those of 2050

3) Groundwater level in 2050

EDA

S

EDA

S


MARSOLDemonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought (FP7-Env-2013-Water-Inno-Demo)

Start: 12.2013 Duration: 3 years EU Contribution: 5.2 Mio €

The main objective of MARSOL is. With this, MARSOL aims to stimulate the use of

reclaimed water and other alternative water sources in MAR and to optimize WRM throughstorage of excess water to be recovered in times of shortage or by influencing gradients.

Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed AquiferRecharge (2009)


MARSOL Demonstration sites activities……treated waste water, river water, desalinated water,rainwater harvesting …


DEL 13.1 MAR TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

1

7

“Technical Solutions” (T.S) are not related to Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)technique as if it was the problem to solve. They are, to a large extent, the group ofactivities to increase MAR effectiveness, being MAR the solution to many relatedwater management dysfunctions.

Q:How to increase the effectiveness of the

devices and the infiltration rate?

A:Adoption of Soil and Aquifer Treatments (SATs) and other

complementary techniques, such as design and

management improvements applicable to existing devices

MARSOL demo sites: Experiences in 8Mediterranean demo sites:

1- Lavrion

2- Algarve & Alentejo

3- Arenales

4- Llobregat

5- Brenta

6- Serchio

7- Menashe

8- Malta South


WP12 “Modelling"

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314957907_White_book_on_MAR_modelling_Selected_results_from_MARSOL_PROJECT


DEL 13.1 MAR TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

1

9

Facilities inventory

25 devices


Sources for the artificial recharge : Quantity

Dam Hydrological year Depth discharge

(*103 m3)

Surface discharge

(*103 m3)

Total discharge

(*103 m3)

ARADE 2000/2001 37 499.20 19 256.70 56 755.90

Dam Hydrological

year

Depth discharge

(*103 m3)

Surface discharge

(*103 m3)

Total discharge

(*103 m3)

ARADE

1995/96 0 81 255.39 81 255.39

1996/97 0 42 599.62 42 599.62

1997/98 8 556.65 113 762.30 122 318.97

TOTAL (*103 m3) 246 173.98


During the extreme drought of 2004/2005

Volume of withdrawal

water (*10 6 m 3)

Percentage

Agriculture 23.79 47.31%

Urban supply of the Águas do Algarve

regional system of Algarve

14.25 28.34%

Urban supply of the local

municipalities

12.25 24.36%

Private users Not Available -

Total 50.29 100%

Electrical

Conductivity


WP4: DEMO SITE 2 - PORTUGAL

12

▪ Experiment goal: assess Cerro do Bardo MAR site infiltration

capacity and groundwater flow path

▪ Recharge experiment: infiltration of 47 L/s (~170 m3/h) of water

in Cerro do Bardo dug well and natural sinkholes during 90

hours (coming from a AdA well located ~1,4 km distance)

▪ Tracer: 1000 kg NaCl

PT2_6 Algarve, Cerro do Bardo

April 2016

This MAR infiltration and tracer test

allowed confirming that the DEMO

Site:

▪ Is an adequate area to infiltrate

water coming from the three

dams, with the surplus from wet

years

▪ The area has a minimum

infiltration capacity of 4060

m3/d (170 m3/h, compared with

35 m3/h in Campina well…, but

it depends on headwater...)


- SW-FW interface Scenario drought 2004-2005 simulation with diferente

injection scenarios

Evolution of

Seawater intrusion

estimated at

Bottom slice

Evolution of

Seawater intrusion

at cross-section

view

Evolution of

Seawater intrusion

plume at 3D view

Finite element regional fow model of the Querença Silves Aquifer System


Natural recharge monitoring

Winter time

Estação húmida

Spring time

Estação seca

✓ Electrical resistivity assessment

Artificial recharge experiments

-- LNEC1

May 2007

✓ Continuous monitoring in three piezometers

Curva de chegada do traçador ao piezómetro LNEC1 durante o ensaio realizado em Maio

na Bacia de Carreiros

0

500

1000

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Dia/hora

Condutiv

idade e

léctr

ica (

us/c

m)

Cl e

NO

3 (

mg/L

)

4

5

6

7

8

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Pro

fundid

ade a

o n

ível (

m)

Condutividade eléctrica (us/cm)

Cl (mg/L)

NO3 (mg/L)

Profundidade ao nível - valor observado (m)

Profundidade ao nível - valor registado (m)

Fim do ensaio

11/05 16h:25

Inicio do ensaio

de infiltração

03/05 15h:45

Colocação do

traçador na bacia

08/05 09h:35

Chegada do

traçador

( 29 a 66

horas)

Results from continuous monitoring

(groundwater and surface water) in Rio Seco

artificial recharge basins during winter time

(Out.2007/Mar.2008) Carreiros test siteL1

Traçador

zona

não saturada

zona saturada escoamento subterrâneo →

Bacia sul


0 10.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Kilometers

±

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar Geographics,CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX,Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,swisstopo, and the GIS User Community

±

Aerial view of a greenhouse complex and

picture showing it’s actual drainage

system.

The area is flat and is characterised by low

recharge rates. In this conditions drainage

is a serious problems in this area.

Rainwater harvesting (interception of precipitation in greenhouses) in

Campina de Faro, Algarve


Malta MAR: reusing WWTP to prevent saltwater intrusion

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop

Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014LNEC | 17

Arenales (DINA-MAR/TRAGSA)DEMO SITE ARENALES, SPAIN (WP 5, TRAGSA)

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop

Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014LNEC | 18

DEMO SITE BRENTA, ITALY (WP 7, SGI) & DEMO SITE SERCHIO, ITALY


Brenta Sites Introduction

WP7: Brenta, Italy

SGI, AAWA, UFZ, ICCS

SCHIAVON Forested Infiltration Area

•Approx. 2 hectares

•Water infiltration rate: 20-50

l/sec/hectare

•Fast growing tree species

•GW level: around -3 m b.g.l.

•Undifferentiated aquifer with

high/medium permeability

The watering of the pilot F.I.A. area takes place generally during non-irrigation periods, using the existing irrigation water conveyance system (ditches, underground pipelines).

“SCHIAVON”

FIA

Brenta

River

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu Thank you !

Obrigado !

http://www.marsol.eu/

https://vimeo.com/channels/marsol

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=MARSOL+Demo+sites

http://www.marsol.eu/

https://vimeo.com/channels/marsol

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=MARSOL+Demo+sites


Thank you for your attention!


EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management

Urban solutions for global challenges13-14 September 2018 Budapest


www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu23

Update task 4 and Proposal of a shared Strategic

Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA)

www.project-piano.net

PIANO PSC

meeting

Lisbon2 October 2017

J.P. LOBO FERREIRA

Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil

Lisboa, Portugal

In collaboration with

Strengthening China Europe Water Innovation

Cooperation: results from PIANO project

Relevance of PIANO results for future EU/China water

innovation cooperation

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.huCopyright 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Define and delimit your domain, add possible sub-categories.

Send note (ca. ½ page) to DTU.

LNEC 15May

Identify core data sources for TWIs in your domain:

- Provide 6-8 reports/analyses of TWI

- Check EC water innovation project specific databases (e.g. ECOWEB, EUREKA).

- Suggest possible other sources

- Send a note to DTU (full references).

LNEC with ISPRA 5 June

Make a gross list of at least 20 as far as possible TWIs in your domain,

-Describe each TWI according to List Template defined by DTU.

LNEC 5 August

Score the TWI based on Scoring Template provided by DTU LNEC 10 Sept.

Verify and comment on Inventory 1 sent by DTU LNEC 5 Oct

Milestone 5 “Inventory of European technological water innovations” for this domain DTU, EWA (CEWP) 30 Nov


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Potential areas for future cooperation

On water quantity

Models linking groundwater/surface water/transitional waters and coastal waters

a) Flood risk mapping

b) Drought prediction

c) Comprehensive reservoir operation

d) Rain harvesting methodologies

On integrated modelling/monitoring

a) information sharing technologies

b) conflict resolution mechanisms

c) decision support systems

o water quality models

o hydrological models

o monitoring

o modelling


WP 2: Technological Water Innovations

http://project-piano.net/twis-catalogue-2/

http://project-piano.net/twis-catalogue-2/



An untapped potential for water reuse in the EU

❑ Reused wastewater in Europe: 1 billion m³/year in 2006 =

• 2.4% of the total volume of treated effluents (5-12% in Greece, Italy and Spain)

• ~ 0.4% of annual EU freshwater withdrawals

❑ Achievable potential.→ 6 billion m3/year

by 2025

❑ A strategic option beneficial to both the environment and economy

→ Towards a more

Circular Economy

hm3/yr.



5. DIAGNOSIS: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

Torres Vedras groundwater body


4.1. Preliminary selection of sub-thematic areas

LNEC considered relevant for analysis the following ten sub-thematic areas:

1. research on flash flood forecasting and early warning based on enhanced precipitation flow models

2. landscape-scale sediment management and control / Loess plateau watershed rehabilitation project

3. prediction and management of drought and water scarcity situations and environmental impacts on wetlands / ecological restoration /

rebuilding natural capital

4. climate change impact assessment on China water resources /water scarcity, drought indicators, forecasting and contingency planning

5. technologies for efficient distribution and higher water use efficiency

6. ecological minimum flow and migration of fish population

7. exchange of experiences on the implementation of measures preventing pollution

8. trans-boundary water management and related challenges in the field of pollution prevention, operation of early-warning systems,

abstraction management and conflict management

9. management of groundwater, including groundwater monitoring and trends´ analysis in urban and agricultural areas / North China Plain

aquifer at Risk Due to Groundwater Depletion

10. groundwater allocation arrangements to adequately regulate groundwater quantity and use / development of non-conventional water

resources including managed aquifer recharge

“River basin management and flood control”


Beyond the water sector: Agriculture


Runoff and groundwater return flow to

rivers

Vadose zone

monitoring and

modelling

Groundwater

quality

modelling

Framework Objectives Tasks Development Results


Geographical groundwater protection zoning

Results achieved with the application of Krijgsman and Lobo Ferreira

methodology to calculate intermediate protection zone for the porous

and unconfined aquifer of Zhangji case study area (Q = 100 m3/day)

Upgradient protection distance (m)

Protection distance perpendicular to

flow direction (m)

Downgradient protection distance

(m)


WATER DOMAIN WATER FOR ENERGY

WATER CHALLENGE RETROFITTING OF EXISTING SMALL SCALE HYDROPOWER SCHEMES

TYPE OF TWI TURBINES AND COMPONENTS

TECHNOLOGYTWIEU, E6. Small turbines to be retrofitted e.g. intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigation dams

CATEGORY ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: SMALLSCALE HYDROPOWER

DESCRIPTION

Use at existing structures HYDROMATRIX® technology enables customers to tap into the unusedhydropower potential of intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigationdams by using these existing structures as a profitable and renewable energy resource.

Flexibility in arranging the small TG-units and associated electromechanical equipment allowsintegration of HYDROMATRIX® plants in existing structures that fulfil the basic application criteria. Highprofitability HYDROMATRIX® turbines can operate with only minimal tailrace submergence. Deepexcavation and other costly civil work can be avoided, thus leading to significant cost savings. State-of-the-art hydraulic runner design and generator technology guarantee highest possible energygeneration through high levels of hydraulic and electrical efficiency.

In 2010 ANDRITZ HYDRO received the Austrian State Prize for Environmental and Energy Technologyfor its HYDROMATRIX® concept .

source http://www.small-

hydro.com/Programs/innovative-

technologies.aspxhttp://www.andritz.com/hy-hydromatrix-en.pdf

http://www.small-hydro.com/Programs/innovative-technologies.aspx

http://www.andritz.com/hy-hydromatrix-en.pdf





WATER DOMAIN WATER FOR ENERGY

WATER CHALLENGE RISK ASSESSMENT & PRESERVATION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS IN DAMMED RIVERS

TYPE OF TWI DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

TECHNOLOGYTWIEU, E15. Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure by application of integrated numerical tools

CATEGORY ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

DESCRIPTION

Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure involves application of theexisting and the development of new integrated numerical tools to assess the safety of damfoundations in rock masses considering extreme actions, such as those imposed by high intensityseismic events.

Two major roles are anticipated for their use: assess the safety level of existing dams, in order tosupport decisions regarding the need for rehabilitation works; define and the major potential failuremodes allowing a more effective design of new dams, and expediting the interpretation of datacollected during or after the seismic events, and thus allowing an adequate support to the definitionof emergency decisions.

Source: http://www.lnec.pt/barragens-betao/en/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzk4EuaNUsx5Vl9QWnc2Q3BSVUE/view?usp=sharing

Simon Spooner

July 2014

Report prepared for CEWP Business opportunities Pillar with support from EU SME Centre.

Dams, dykes and flood safety

China has more than 87,000 large and small scale reservoirs. About 22,000 of these are above

15 m high and so defined as large dams. Many of China’s dams were built of compacted earth

by mass people’s movements from the 1950’s to the late 1970’s with little skilled engineering

supervision and are expected to have a maximum lifetime of about 50 years13. Thus it has

been estimated that more than 50% of the dams built in this period pose significant risks and

require remedial work14. More than RMB 60 billion was spent during the 11th Five Year Plan

period on dam remediation and investment in this is expected to increase sharply in 12th FYP

to 2015 as a target of making all dams safe by 2015 has been set.

This opens the opportunity for dam risk assessment and monitoring systems and novel

technologies and methods for dam rehabilitation. The first contact for such projects could be

the MWR International Cooperation Department or the Institute of Water Resources and

Hydropower Research (IWHR). Actual engineering or construction work would be difficult for

European firms to secure, but services and technologies could be supplied in partnership with

Chinese contractors.



In collaboration withPIANO partners

and


Thank you for your attention!

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