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7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
1/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
New Monarchies,renaissance,
and the age of
exploration
(1308-1527)
Research &
Education
Association
1308-1377
1340
1347-1350
1434
1453
1450s
1454-1494
1480
1494
1487-1499
1519-1533
1527
Frenchkingskeepseveralpopesintheso-called
BabylonianCaptivityinAvignon.
Italyrevivesthehonoropoetlaureate.
TheBlackDeathdecimatesthepopulationoEurope.
TheMedicicometopowerinFlorence.
ThesackoConstantinopleoccurs;theHundredYears
Warends.
JohannGutenbergandJohannFustdevelopmovable-type
printinginMainz,Germany(HolyRomanEmpire).
MilanandVenicesignPeaceTreatyoLodi;peaceendswhen
FrenchinvadeItalyin1494.
MuscovythrowsotheTataryoke.
PortugalandSpainsigntheTreatyoTordesillas.
BartolomeuDiasreachestheCapeoGoodHope;VascodaGama
comesbackromIndiawithpreciouscargo.
HernanCortesconquerstheAztecempireinMexico;
FranciscoPizarroconquerstheIncaempireinandnearPeru.
TheSackoRomeoccurs.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
2/18
Reform,Counter-Reform,
and the New
Sciences
(1380-1687)
AP
unITED
STATESHISTorY
Research &
Education
Association
1380-1415
1517
1520-1521
1527-1534
1541
1543
1545-1563
1555
1562-1598
1566-1581
1587-1588
JohnWyclieandJanHuscallorchurchreorms.
MartinLuther,aCatholicmonk,postshisNinety-ve
ThesesonthedoorotheWittenbergchurch.
Lutherpublishesourpamphletsandisexcommun-
Icatedbythepope.
Inhisquestoramaleheir,HenryVIIIoEngland
divorcestheHolyRomanEmperorsaunt,Katharine,
andmarriesAnneBoleyn.
JohnCalvinpublisheshisInstitutes of the Christian
ReligioninitsFrenchedition.
NicolasCopernicuspublisheshisheliocentrictheory.
TheCounciloTrentmeetsthreetimestosettleissues
oCatholicdoctrine.
HolyRomanEmperorCharlesVestablishesthePeaceo
Augsburg.
WarsoreligioninFrancebeginollowingtheendothelong
Habsburg-Valoisconfict.
CalvinistsintheSpanishNetherlandsrevoltagainststrictness
oPhilipII,leadingtotheDutchwarsoindependence.
Mary,QueenoScots,isexecutedbyElizabethIoEngland;theEnglishnavydestroystheSpanishArmada.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
3/18
AP
unITED
STATESHISTorY
Research &
Education
Association
1609
1618-1648
1648
1662-1725
1667
1687
InhisLetteroMajesty,Matthias,theHolyRoman
Emperor,grantsreligiousreedomtoBohemian
Calvinistnobles.
Thescienticrevolutionbegins.
ThirtyYearsWarbegins.
TreatyoWestphaliaissigned.
RoyalacademiesoscienceormthroughoutEurope.
JohnMiltonpublishesParadise Lost.
NewtonpublishesPrincipia Mathematica.
Reform,
Counter-Reform,
and the New
Sciences
(1380-1687)
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
4/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Overviewof European
Powers
(1581-1748)
Research &
Education
Association
1581-1583
1609
1611
1642-1649
1648-1653
1640-1688
1649-1660
1652-1774
1661
1683
1685
1688-1689
IvanIVbeginssuccessulconquestoSiberia.
TheUnitedProvincesestablishtheBanko
Amsterdam.
KingJamesBibleispublished.
CivilwarracksEngland,Scotland,andIreland.
Revolts(rondes)byoldnoblesandtheParlemento
ParisrockFrance.
TheGreatElector,FrederickWilliam,rulesBrandenburg.
InterregnuminEngland:Cromwellandhisarmyrulethe
country.(JewsareallowedbackinEngland,1655.)
Dutcheminenceintradingandtrans-shippingannoys
Englandintothreewars.
LouisXIVdeclareshisresolveorpersonalrule.
TurksstagesiegeoVienna.
LouisXIVrevokestheEdictoNantes.
KingJamesIIthreatenstoreturnEnglandtothepapistold,
leadingtotheGloriousRevolution.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
5/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Overviewof European
Powers
(1581-1748)
Research &
Education
Association
1696
1701
1701-1713
1707
1713-1714
1700-1721
1713-1740
1740-1748
PetertheGreatbecomessolerulerotheRussias
(andreignsuntil1725).
TheEnglishparliamentpassestheActoSettlement.
FranceandSpainwagetheWarotheSpanish SuccessionagainstmuchotherestoEurope.
TheActoUnionunitesEnglandandScotlandinto
oneBritain.
TheTreatiesoUtrechtandRastattendtheWaro
SpanishSuccession.
GreatNorthernWarpitsSwedenagainstanallianceo
Denmark,Saxony,Poland,andRussia.
ForeignprincesagreetoHolyRomanEmperorCharlesVIs
PragmaticSanction.
FrederickIIoPrussiainvadestheAustrianprovinceoSilesia,
leadingtotheWarotheAustrianSuccession.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
6/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Absolutism,Constitutionalism,
and
Enlightenment
(1576-1781)
Research &
Education
Association
1576
1610-1643
1620
1637
1659
1690
1727
1733
1748
1751-1762
1754-1763
1756
1761
JeanBodinpublishesSix Books of the Commonwealth.
CardinalRichelieu(ollowingtheleadotheDukeo
Sully)institutestheintendantsystem.
FrancisBaconpublisheshisNew Organon.
RenDescartespublishesDiscourse on Method.
FranceandSpainsigntheTreatyoPyrenees.
JohnLockepublishestreatisesongovernmentandon
tabula rasa.
JohannSebastianBachcomposestheSaint Matthew Passion.
VoltairepublishesLetters on the English.
BarondeMontesquieupublishesThe Spirit of the Laws.
DenisDiderotandcollaboratorspublishthemassiveEncyclopedia.
EnglandandFranceghttheSevenYears(orFrenchandIndian)
War.
FranceandAustriaallywithoneanother,ormingtheDiplomatic
Revolution.
Rousseaustwomajorpublications
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
7/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Research &
Education
Association
1763
1776
1769-1778
1769-1793
1781
WarringnationssigntheTreatiesoHubertusburg
andParis.
AdamSmithpublishestheWealth of Nations.
TheAmericancoloniesrebel.
Newcomen-Wattsteamengineisinvented,
improvedupon,andnancedormarkets.
RichardArkwrightsspinningrame,James
Hargreavessspinningjenny,EdwardCartwrights
powerloom,andEliWhitneyscottonginmechanize
theproductionocottonthreadsandabrics.
JosephIIissuestheEdictoTolerationinHabsburg
crownlands.
Absolutism,Constitutionalism,
and
Enlightenment
(1576-1781)
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
8/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Revolutionand the
New European
Order
(1789-1815)
Research &
Education
Association
1770-1774
1781
1787-1788
1789
June 1789
July 14, 1789
Summer 1789
1789-1790
1791
September1792
LouisXVsuspendsreractoryparlementsandinitiates
judicialreorm.
JacquesNeckerissueshisComte Rendu ortheking
in100,000copies.
ThekingcallsanAssemblyoNotablestoadviseon
thenancialcrisis.
TheEstates-Generalmeetsbutishamstrungby
votingprocedures.
NationalAssemblyisormedandrecognizedbyking.
FrenchworkersandtradesmenstormtheBastille.
TheGreatFearsweepsthecountryside,leadingtothe
NightoRenunciation(August4);theNationalAssembly
issuestheDeclarationoRightsoManandtheCitizen.
TheNationalAssemblyconscateschurchlandsandissues
theCivilConstitutionotheClergy.
Theroyalamilyfees;GermanprincesissuetheDeclarationo
Pillnitz.
TheNationalConventionmakesFrancearepublic.FrenchorcesdeeatGermanandAustriantroopsatthebattleoValmy.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
9/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Revolutionand the
New European
Order
(1789-1815)
Research &
Education
Association
1792-1793
1793-1794
1795-1799
1796-1799
1798
November 9,1799
1801
1804
1805-1807
1806-1811
1808/1812
1814-1815
Revolutionatwar!FrancedeclareswaronAustriaand
invadestheAustrianNetherlandsandRhineland.
FranceisseizedbytheReignoTerror!
Theve-manDirectorybecomestheexecutiveoce othegovernment,aterthealloRobespierre.
RevolutionaryarmiesinvadeItaly,Holland,Egypt.
WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge
publishLyrical Ballads.
Napoleonjoinsotherconspiratorsandstagesthecoup
o18Brumaire.
NapoleonandthechurchcometotermsintheConcordat.
Napoleoninstitutesreorms.
FrancewagestheNapoleonicWars.
NapoleonimposestheContinentalBlockadeonallhisconquests
andsatellitestates.
Napoleoncommitshisgreatestmilitaryblunders.
CongressoViennameets.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
10/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Reactionand More
Revolutions
(1815-1849)
Research &
Education
Association
1815
1815-1822
1818-1834
1821-1827
1825
1829
1815-1846
1830
1832
1840s
TheCongressoViennaredrawsEurope.
Thecongresssystem,institutedatVienna,controls
internationalrelationsinEurope.
Prussiapioneersinormationotoll-reetradeunion.
TheGreekssuccessullywagewarsoindependence.
DecembristRevoltinRussiaails.
InEngland,GeorgeStephensoninauguratestheworlds
rstrailline.
ParliamentinEnglanddeclaresCatholicemancipation.
Conservatives(Tories)inEnglishparliamentenactCorn
Lawstoprotectgrainpricesandlandowners.
FromParis,revolutionspreadstoBelgium,Germanies,
andPoland.
EnglishparliamentenactstheGreatReormBill.
TheHungryFortiesgivebirthtonewideasonsocialism.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
11/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Reactionand More
Revolutions
(1815-1849)
Research &
Education
Association
1848
Fall 1848
1848-1849
1850
RevolutionsweepsEuropeagain!
Congressesandparliamentscropupallover.
DuringtheJuneDays,workersinParisrevoltwhen
governmentclosestheateliers.
Reactionaryorcesregainpowerinkeycountries.
ThenewAustrianemperorsendstroopstorewin
Prague,northItaly,andotherterritories;French
troopssavethepope;Russiantroopscrushthe
Hungarianrevolt;Prussiantroopscrushrevoltsin
Saxony,Baden,andHesse,amongothers.
Reactionback!Theeraorealpolitikbegins.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
12/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Liberalism,Nationalism,
And Imperialism
(1850-1913)
Research &
Education
Association
1851
1853-1856
1858-1870
1859
1860-1862
1861
1866
1867
1870-1871
1871
1873-1896
LouisNapoleonstagesacoupdtatonDecember2,1851.
CrystalPalaceisbuilttohouseindustrialexhibitions.
EuropebecomesembroiledintheCrimeanWar.
FranceandPiedmontplanItalianunication.
CharlesDarwinpublishesThe Origin of Species,which
delineateshiswell-oundedtheoryonaturalselection.
LegislationtoupgradethearmyailsinPrussia.
TsarAlexanderIIemancipatestheRussiansers.
TheGermanCivilWarerupts.
AsecondReormBillextendssurageinBritain;Germanyand
Austriaextendsurageaswell.
Franco-PrussiaWaroccurs.
ParisCommunecomestopowerbriefy.
EuropeandUnitedStatessuerthroughworldwideeconomic
depression.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
13/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Liberalism,Nationalism,
And Imperialism
(1850-1913)
Research &
Education
Association
1877-1878
1878-1890
1880s
1881
1894-1906
1896
1898
1898-1904
1900
1905
1909
1911-1913
Russo-TurkishWarleadstoCongressoBerlin.
Bismarckinstitutesantisocialistlawsandsocial
insurancelegislation.
JulesFerrysecularizesFrencheducation.
EuropeanpowersscrambleorcoloniesinArica!
AlexanderIIisassassinatedbyradicalpopulists.
TheDreyusAairrocksFrance.
TheodorHerzlpublishesJudenstaat.
RussianSocialDemocraticParty(RSPD)isormed.
BritainandFranceaectrapprochementincolonialaairs.
Sciencemarksmajormilestones!
RussianRevolutionoccurs.
Budgeto1909sparksparliamentarycrisis.
Literaryadvancesexploresocialtaboos.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
14/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Two
World Wars
(1914-1945)
Research &
Education
Association
1890
1894
1904-1907
1908-1913
June 28, 1914
July-August
1914
1914-1916
1915-1917
1916
March-November
1917
March 1918
November 11,1918
KaiserWilhelmIIdismissesOttovonBismarckas
chancelloroGermany.
FranceandRussiaormanalliance.
TheTripleEntenteemerges.
YoungTurksrevolt,AustriaeudswithRussia,
andtheBalkanwarsoccur.
AustriathwartsSerbiaslandandseaclaims.
ArchdukeFranzFerdinandoAustria-Hungaryis
assassinatedbyaSerbiannationalist.
ConfictbetweenAustriaandSerbiaescalatesinto
WorldWarI.
Warragesonthewesternandeasternronts.
Germansengageinsubmarinewarare;theUnitedStates
entersthewar.
Combatantsattempttobreakstalematesonallronts.
RevolutionstakeRussiaoutowar.
RussiaandGermanyagreetotheTreatyoBrest-Litovsk.
TruceendsWordWarI.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
15/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Two
World Wars
(1914-1945)
Research &
Education
Association
1919-1923
1919-1920
1920s
1922
1922-1925
1923
1923-1924
November 9,
1924
1925-1931
1929
1929-1932
1930-1933
ParisPeaceConerencecratstheTreatyoVersailles.
CommunistregimesariseintheWest,butare
shortlived.
DemocraciesstruggleintheWestandtheEast.
FasciststakeovertheItaliangovernment.
GermanchancellorGustavStresemannimplements
neworeignpolicy.
FranceoccupiestheRuhr.
MussoliniconsolidatespoweroverItaly.
Beer-HallPutschoccurs.
Britainreinstitutesthegoldstandard,butthenabandons
itagain.
MussoliniandthepopeagreetotheLateranAccords.
WorldisrockedbytheGreatDepression.
ThegovernmentsoHeinrichBrning,FranzvonPapen,and
KurtvonSchleicherailtoreviveeconomyorsolveparliamen-
tarydeadlockbetweenFarLet(Communists)andFarRight(Nazis).
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
16/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Two
World Wars
(1914-1945)
Research &
Education
Association
1933-1934
1935-1938
1935-1939
1935-1936
1936-1939
March 1939
Aug.-Sept. 1939
1940
1941
1942-1945
late 1942
1943
1944
1945
Hitlersidelinesdomesticopposition.
Hitlerneutralizesoreignopponents.
HitlerescalateswaragainstGermanJews.
MussoliniattacksEthiopia.
FasciststakeoverSpain.
HitlertakestherumpotheCzechstate,Danzig,
andthePolishCorridor.
Hitlerpreparesorwar;WorldWarIIbegins.
Warresumesonnorthernandwesternronts.
Germanyantagonizestwonewenemies.
HitlerimplementshisFinalSolution.
Alliesbegintoturnbacktheascisttide.
Wartimeconerencescommence.
BritainandSovietUnionmeetintheMoscowministerial
conerence.
TheAlliesmeetatYaltaandPotsdam.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
17/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Cold War,
Unification,
and the
Decolonized
World
(1945-2001)
Research &
Education
Association
1945
1945-1946
1945
1945 on
1945-1999
1947
1948-1949
1949
1950
1949-1953
1954-1955
1956
TheColdWarstartsinGermany.
FranceestablishestheFourthRepublic.
TheLabourPartywinsinBritain.
ChristianDemocratsrisetopowerandstay therethroughouttheContinent.
Europeancountriesdivestthemselvesotheir
overseascolonies.
CommunistthreatsparkscrisisoverGreeceand
Turkey.
TheTrumanadministrationimplementstheMarshallPlan
astheeconomicarmtoitspolitical-militarydoctrine.
CurrencycrisisintheGermanzonesleadstotheBerlinairlit.
ThetwoGermaniesareestablished.
SixcountriesormtheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity.
TheSovietUnionacquiresatomicweapons.
WestGermanyremilitarizes.
UnrestoccursinPoland,Hungary,andtheSuezCanalzone.
NikitaKhrushchevdelivershissecretspeechattheTwentieth
PartyCongress.
7/27/2019 Euro History Timeline
18/18
AP
EuroPEAn
HISTorY
Cold War,
Unification,
and the
Decolonized
World
(1945-2001)
Research &
Education
Association
1957
1958
1960-1962
1968
1973
1975
1982-1985
1992-1993
TreatyoRomeestablishestheEuropeanEconomic
Community(EEC).
TheSovietslaunchtheSputniksatellite.
TheSovietgovernmentorbidsauthorBorisPasternak
romattendingtheNobelawardsceremony.
AseriesocrisestiptheColdWartowardthebrinko
nuclearwar.
InBerlin,Paris,andelsewhere,radicalizeduniversity
studentriot.
PragueSpringoccurs.
TheCommonMarketexpandsbythreenewmembers.
Thirty-venationssigntheHelsinkiAccords.
TheEECexpandstotwelvenations.
TheMaastrichtTreatycreatestheEuropeanUnion(EU).