The European Organisation for the Safety of Air NavigationThe European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Richard ‘Sid’ LAWRENCE, CSS Project Manager Stella Saldana, CSS Tool Development ManagerEUROCONTROL Network Management
User Forum 2011EUROCONTROL Callsign Similarity Project
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Callsign Similarity (CSS) - Scope
Background
EUROCONTROL CSS Project
OperationalConcept
CSS ToolOverview
Next Steps
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Background – General
Callsign Similarity – 2 (or more) aircraft operating in the same area, on the same frequency.
Spoken but also visual – radar screens & flight strips
Can lead to flight safety events Temporary change - ICAO Annex 10 and PANS ATM 4444 General advice - ICAO Doc 8585 Some AOs and ANSPs active detection and de-confliction. But… only partial solutions
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Background - The Callsign Similarity Problem• Several types of call-sign similarities can be defined, for example:
• Anagrams: 152 – 1251524 – 1425
• Final identical figures / letters:
ABC 458Z – ABC 179ZABC 45 MU – ABC 76 TUABC 648 – ABC 748ABC 23 XG – DEF 56 XG
• Parallel figures / letters:1458 – 1478
• Block figures / letters:ABC 128 – ABC 128T
ABC 573 – ABC 57ABC 573 – ABC 575
• Phonetic parallel:712 – 7012
• Only the second part, the Flight Id, can be ‘de-conflicted’©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Background - Some CSS Facts and Figures
Most similarities/confusions concern aircraft from the same operator
Majority contain only numbers in the Flt Id suffixe.g. ABC 1234
Exposure: 21% flights involve call
sign similarity
Air Ground Communication including callsign similarity/confusion features in 5% reported incidents
In 75% of cases controller workload increased
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Background – Safety Initiative
The Air-Ground Communication (AGC) Safety Improvement Initiative - launched by the EUROCONTROL Safety Team in 2004
“Investigate the feasibility of using the flight planning process for systemic analysis, detection and de-confliction of similar callsigns”
European Action Plan for Air Ground Communications Safety released – 2006 ©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Why EUROCONTROL ?
Need pan-European solutions
Current approach fragmented – only partial solutions
Central Flow Management Unit –‘manages’ European flight plans
EUROCONTROL coordinates safety programmes for ATM
Central approach provides cost efficiency
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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EUROCONTROL Project – Callsign Similarity Risk Reduction
Project initiated April 2008
Formal launch December 2008
Reduce risks associated with
Callsign Similarity/Confusion
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Users Group
CSS Users Group established co-chaired: Air France and Agency
IATA and ICAO Paris Office observers
Active participation 25+ AOs and ANSPs
CSS User Group Meeting No 87- 8 December 2010, Brussels
CSS Tool and Service development
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Project Strategy
Service Level 0Establish Callsign Management Cell (CSMC)Assume DSNA task Develop CSS Tool Publish Callsign Similarity Rules
Service Level 1Single AO De-confliction Supported by EUROCONTROL CSS Tool Reduction ratio = 74%
Service Level 2Multi AO De-confliction (between different AO schedules) Reduction ratio 1 + 2 = 80%
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Service Level 0
Establishment of the Callsign Similarity User Group (CSS UG). Complete Establishment of CSMC in CFMU. Complete
Transfer DSNA task to EUROCONTROL. Complete Autumn 2009Publication of Callsign Similarity Rules as a ‘quick win’ ahead of CSS Tool deployment. Complete – 27 April 2010
http://www.cfmu.eurocontrol.int/cfmu/public/standard_page/cfmu_programmes_css_rules.html
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Publication of General Similarity Rules -
CFMU NOP Portal & SKYbrary©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Operational Concept – Use Cases
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Operational Concept – Use cases
UC1 – Commercial De-confliction
• AO Marketing/Commercial
• 6-18 months before IATA Season
• Commercial Flight Number conflict detection and de-confliction• When changing the numbering policy • For new city pair• For new / changed schedule
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Operational Concept – Use Cases
UC2 – Pre-seasonal De-confliction
• AO Operations
• 3-8 weeks before IATA Season
• ATC C/S conflict detection and de-confliction• Assign ATC C/S on a full schedule
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Operational Concept – Use Cases
UC3 – Ad-hoc De-confliction
• during the IATA Season
• ATC C/S conflict detection and de-confliction• After a Safety Report User (User = CSMC Operator)• After changes to the Schedule (User = AO OPS)
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Operational Concept – Use Cases
UC4 – Sanity Check• CSMC Operator• 0-3 weeks before IATA Season• Multi-AO detection of additional conflicts
• After Pre-seasonal De-confliction • Check De-confliction in AO’s own Schedules has not created (many)
new conflicts between Schedules
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Tool
• Web based• Direct use by AOs via CFMU
NOP portalImprovements compared toexisting tools• Higher automation• Increased coverage (full detection
in CFMU area, aerodrome detection worldwide)
• User friendly – usable without intense training
• More space for call sign solutions
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CSS Tool
• CSST is an application hosted in the CFMU NOP Portal.
AO
CSST application
Back-End Services
NOP Portal
Profile Catalogue
Environment dataCSMC
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Tool Overview
CSS Tool[file] Flight Schedule
Conflict ListConstraints, Preferences
Report
Reference data & system
parameters
ENV
Data
Profile
Catalogue
Local
Rules
Ref. Similarity
Rules
Ref.
Parameters
Flight Schedule ,Conflict List
User param. & actions, etc…
Live Data
3. Quality Check
1. Load Schedule2. Initialise ATC C/S
[file] Flight Schedule
With proposed ATC C/S
With Status: Resolved/Unresolved + reason
4a. Detect4b. De-conflict
5. Accept AO AO
CFMU/CSMC
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Tool Overview
CSS Tool
Flight Schedule
1. [file] Flight Schedule
5. Conflict List
4. Work mode
5. Report
System
parameters
ENV
Data
Profile
Catalogue
Local
Rules
Similarity
Rules
Ref.
Parameters
Conflict List
Live Data
3. Detect conflicts
1. Load Schedule2. Initialise ATC C/S
5. [file] Flight Schedule
With proposed ATC C/S
With Status: Resolved/Unresolved + reason
4a. Input work mode4b. De-conflict
5. Accept & TerminateAO AO
Constraints, Preferences, De-confliction mode
Similarity rules
-Rules considered for Detection;
- Conflicts between flights:
e.g. Anagrams, identical final digits ..
- Conflict within one flight
e.g. use of letters 1& I, runway designator, flight levels
Local Rules
- Constraints on Flight Id (Call Sign) Composition
e.g. no use of alphanumeric, Bigrams excluded -in France, UK.
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CSS Tool Overview
CSS Tool
Flight Schedule
1. [file] Flight Schedule
5. Conflict List
4. Work mode
5. Report
System
parameters
ENV
Data
Profile
Catalogue
Local
Rules
Similarity
Rules
Ref.
Parameters
Conflict List
Live Data
3. Detect conflicts
1. Load Schedule2. Initialise ATC C/S
5. [file] Flight Schedule
With proposed ATC C/S
With Status: Resolved/Unresolved + reason
4a. Input work mode4b. De-conflict
5. Accept & TerminateAO AO
Constraints, Preferences, De-confliction mode
Environmental Data
- ICAO – IATA mappings for aerodromes, AOs and aircraft- types
Profile Catalogue
- Flown flights from previous seasons kept in DWH –CFMU DB-.
-Used to create a profile for the flights in the AO schedule.
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Tool Overview
CSS Tool[file] Flight Schedule
Conflict ListConstraints, Preferences
Report
Reference data & system
parameters
ENV
Data
Profile
Catalogue
Local
Rules
Ref. Similarity
Rules
Ref.
Parameters
Flight Schedule ,Conflict List
User param. & actions, etc…
Live Data
3. Quality Check
1. Load Schedule2. Initialise ATC C/S
[file] Flight Schedule
With proposed ATC C/S
With Status: Resolved/Unresolved + reason
4a. Detect4b. De-conflict
5. Accept AO AO
CFMU/CSMC
AO preferences
-Give weights for difference conditions of overlapping
e.g. Common ADEP, common ADEP and ADES , common several airspaces, …
e.g. Common period of operation, Monday, Saturday & Sunday, …
-Give time buffers to apply to overlap computation
e.g. airspace early entry 10 min , airspace late entry 20 min,…
- Define specific rules
e.g. preferences in CFN or Flight Id format (nnnA), letters to avoid (O,I)…
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CSS Tool Workflow
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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AO Flow
• Schedule Management1. Create view.
• Build1. Upload schedule into the view.2. Initialise.3. Quality Check.
• Prepare 1. The tool associates an airspace profile, to each
flight in the schedule. Profiles are obtained from profile catalogue.
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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AO Flow
• DETECT1. The tool computes the potential overlaps.
• Result: Flights that overlap in space (aerodromes and airspaces) and time.
2. For the overlapping profiles, it computes Call sign conflicts by applying the Similarity Rules.• Results: Lists of ‘flight’ and ‘entity’ conflicts.• Two kinds of conflicts are detected.
• Reference conflicts : conflicts with regard to the CSMC reference detection set-ups.
• AO conflicts: conflicts with regards to user-specific set-ups.
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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AO Flow
• DE-CONFLICT1. The Flight Ids are modified to resolve/improve the
conflict.• Manually or • Semi-manually: The Tool proposes some ATC Flight
Ids and lets the user select.• Automatic: For WP2 the tool can automatically de-
conflict the schedule.
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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Screen Shots- NOP access
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Screen Shots
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CSST Development status
• Deployment for pilot trials in Feb 2011 • First version of the tool (WP1) • Semi-automatic detection but not automatic• Main functionality ready • Some limitations due to performance with big schedules
• Operational deployment in Sep 2011• Full version (WP2)• Complete functionality • Correction & tuning• Incorporates user’s feedback from pilot trials
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CSS Tool - Wrap-Up
• Easily accessible via NOP Portal • Rich ‘city pair’ profile catalogue - full CFMU coverage• Worldwide aerodrome detection• Full automatic (Version 2); semi-manual or manual
(Version 1) • Highly configurable
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CSS Tool/Service - Benefits to Users
• Centralised service, managed and maintained by CSMC (EUROCONTROL)
• Uses CSS UG agreed set of callsign similarity rules• Cross AO ‘Sanity Check’ performed by CSMC• Economies of scale • Implements the safety objective – anticipated 75%
reduction in similarities
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Tool - Performance Monitoring
CSMC Similarity and
Confusion Occurrence
Analysis
EVAIR Safety
(Confusion)
Analysis
Notification & Liaison
Feedback(on request)
Safety
AIRCRAFT OPERATOR(USING CSS TOOL)
Ops/SafetyOps/Flight Scheduling
Similarity &Confusion Reports & Feedback (via EVAIR)
Internal Liaison/Action
AIRCRAFT OPERATOR(NOT USING CSS TOOL)
Confusion Reports & Feedback
EUROCONTROL
ANSP
ATCOPilot
AST
Similarity & Confusion Reports & Feedback
Similarity &ConfusionReports
Liaison
Note 1 –
Direct ANSP – AO contact permitted in addition to EVAIR
route
See Note 1
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Service/Tool – Next Steps
CSS Tool Full Operational Roll-Out
Service Level 1 start
CSS Tool Development
Contract Award
March 2010
Feb – March 2011
September 2010
April – TBD 2011
September 2011
Factory Acceptance
Testing
2009 CSMC Service Level 0 starts (including ex DSNA task) until Sep 2011
CSS UG 8 & System
Acceptance Testing*
CSS Tool Operational Pilot Trial Phase 1*
(Tool Use)
CSS Tool Operational Pilot Trial Phase 2*
(‘Live’ Ops)
CSS Tool Development Contract Work
System Acceptance Testing 2*
July - Aug 2011
December 2010
* = AO Involvement
Rules
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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References
SKYBRARY- www.skybrary.aero
CAP 704 - Aircraft Callsign Confusion Evaluation Safety Study – 2000EUROCONTROL CSS Project Operational Concept Document
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
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CSS Contacts
Mr Richard Lawrence, CSS Project [email protected]: +32 2 729 3029
or CSS mailbox:[email protected]
or CSMC [email protected]
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Appendix
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
CSST -Prepare: Assigning a profile
How do we associate an airspace profile to a city pair?
• Profile Catalogue: flown profiles of previous season. Around 140.000 profiles.
• For a city pair and an aircraft type (turbo or jet) associate an airspace profile. • This is the most flown profile. • Flying duration in the airspace is an average of all flights
using the given profile. • The airspace profile consists only of airspaces type AUA.
But can be customised for example for London AUA.
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
CSST - Assigning a profile
• Profile most flown for city pair A-B : AUA1, AUA8, AUA4• Airspace profile is a list of airspaces and its flying time• Flying time i.e. in AUA8 = [duration (F3) + duration (F4) + duration (F5) ] /3
F1F2
A
B
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
CSST - Detect
Overlap in spaceF1 and F2 in airspace AUA 8, F1 and F3 in aerodromes A, B F2 and F3 in airspace AUA 6
A
BC
D
Overlap in timeF1 06:00 EOBTF2 06:30 EOBTF3 22:00 EOBTPotential conflict F1-F2
C/S conflicts
AF 123 (F1)AF 213 (F2)Conflict F1-F2 identified
©2011 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
