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Chapter 9 (pp. 253 – 263)
Europe, 600 - 1450
GeographyEastern half of the Roman EmpireEastern Mediterranean
Centered in Greece & AnatoliaNeighbors w/ Abbasids & Kievan RussiaCapital @ Constantinople (modern day Istanbul, Turkey)
The Byzantine Empire
Founding characteristicsChristianContinued Roman
imperial rule & traditionJustinian’s CodeCombined the
role of the emperor w/ political oversight of the Christian Church
The Byzantine Empire
Cultural AchievementsHagia SophiaIconsCyrillic Alphabet
The Byzantine Empire
The Cyrillic Alphabet
Society & Urban LifeThe Plague of Justinian
Population declinesDecline of the urban elite
Led to growing disparity b/t rich & poorGender roles became more patriarchal
Women veiled & confined to homesException occurred b/t 1028 – 1056 when women helped rule the
EmpireEconomic decline
Due in part to the plague & other epidemicsReverted to barter systemGov’t intervention in trade slowed economic innovation
The Byzantine Empire
Decline of the EmpireBy the mid-600s, Arab
(Islamic) invasions began to chip away at the Empire
Later, attacks by Germanic invaders, Slavs, etc. weakened the Byzantines
1024, the Great Schism damaged the relationship b/t East & West EuropeLed to split b/t Catholics &
Orthodox Christians1453, Ottoman Turks
overran the Empire
The Byzantine Empire
1. How did the rise of Islam impact the Byzantine Empire?
2. Why was the Great East-West Schism (1054) significant?
3. Beyond the greatness of Constantinople, what examples of Byzantine decline developed after 1000?
Quick Write 10/8
GeographyWestern half of
the Roman Empire
Western EuropeDecentralized
711, Muslims overran Spain & established Islamic state of Al-Andalas
Medieval Europe
Founding characteristicsChristian
Papacy centered in Italy
Lost the Roman imperial framework
Ruled by various king, nobles, chiefs, etc.
Period of fear & physical insecurityUrban &
infrastructural declineSubsistence lifestyles
Medieval Europe
The Carolingian Empire732, Charles Martel prevented
Muslims from invading FranceMartel’s Empire soon grew to
encompass most of Germany & Italy
Martel’s grandson Charles the Great “Charlemagne” was anointed “protector of the papacy”
Carolingian Dynasty came to an end in 843 w/ the Treaty of Verdun
Succeeded in 962 by the Holy Roman Empire
Medieval Europe
793, Vikings from Scandinavia began attacking northern territories in Western EuropeConquered Northern France & EnglandSailed across the Atlantic & organized
settlements in Iceland, Greenland & Newfoundland
Medieval Europe
Medieval Society Germanic customs replaced Roman
ones Ex. Latin split into the Romance
languages The Manorial System
Serfs replaced slaves Feudalism
Kings and lords gave land to “vassals” in return for military support
Knights Gender roles
Noble women were often forced to marry into land-based alliances
Peasant women lived more egalitarian lifestyles
Medieval Europe