Europe and Russia

Central Question:

What factors were essential in establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?

Central QuestionWhat factors were essential in

establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?

Political:

Expansion and Dynastic Change in Russia

Emergence and goals of Muscovy (Russia)

Established political borders.

Debate over control of Russia.

Emerged out of turmoil.

Consolidating a powerful political order.

Territorial expansion and extension of commercial networks. Ivan 3 and successors, Peter the Great, Catherine the

Great.

Establishing an EmpireWeak principality of Muscovy expanded rapidly.

rate of about fifty miles per day.

Grew to occupy one-sixth of the earth’s land.

Expansion=security.

Expanded eastward and reached the Pacific.

MuscovyMuscovy sought to dominate near

Moscow.

Eventually became known as Russia.

Population: from 6 million-20 million

Ivan established legitimacy. Religious dimension.

Diversity

Ivan 3

Romanovs

Times of Trouble.

Still expanding.

1613, to reestablish central authority.

Under the Romanovs.

Tsars retained power until 1900s.

absolutist system of government

The Thirty Year’s WarPower, territory, trade, and control.

Protestant princes vs. The Habsburg Catholic emperor.

Catholic powers wanted more freedom.

Effected populations, economics, power, and independence

The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

Discussion QuestionsWhat do you think were the most successful

factors in establishing the powerful Russian

Empire?

Considering the result of the Thirty Years War,

did the war make sense for either of sides and

who benefited mostly from this war?

Economic change in Russia and Europe

Economic changes in Russia

Colonization

Expansion

Agriculture and isolation

Trade routes

Economic changes in Europe

Thirty Years’ war

Cost of war

Dutch shipping and finance

Dutch Decline

Economic changer in Europe continued

England and France

Agriculture in England and France

European countryside

Mercantilist WarsControl of trade

Navies

Trade in the Americas

French and Indian War

Discussion QuestionsWhat do you think the Dutch could have done

to maintain control over the Atlantic trade?

Why was it necessary for Russia to expand to as much as it did, and if it had not expanded would Russia still be as powerful a country as it is today?

What action could have been taken to prevent the French and Indian?

Social Aspect of Europe and Russia

Russian Social ChangeEurope or Asia?

Muscovy -> Russian Empire

1/6 of Earths land

Romanovs came in: Absolutist System Moscow was under the power of the tsar Outside was unlimited aristocrat power, under

the consent of the king Communes for peasants

Siberia1649- peasants became serf

Left to Siberia

Siberia 90% of 200,000 were indigenes By 1750 the Slavs almost

matched that Old Believers, and Dangerous

Politicians went also Great Siberian Post Road 1770

was the way back to Moscow Prison Land

French Social Change Took on Absolutist Government style

All patronage had consent from the

King

Strict Anglican religion practice

Not followed

Disapproval of government was

circulated across the country through

pamphlets and papers

English Social ChangeQueen Elizabeth took control

Civil War broke out broke out under her successors

monarchy fell

Monarchy came back 1660, but religious freedom was stressed

Glorious Revolution Outcome – Parliament and King/Queen would work in unity

Primary Source"Sir, I do myself the Honour of

acquainting you that it has pleased God to crown His Majesty's Arms with Success over all His Enemies upon the Ohio, by my having obliged the Enemy to burn and abandon Fort DuQuesne, which they effectuated on the 25th, and of which I took possession next day, the Enemy having made their Escape down the River towards the Mississippi in their Boats, being abandoned by their Indians, whom I had previously engaged to leave them, and who now seem all willing and ready to implore His Majesty's most Gracious Protection. …I have used the freedom of giving your name to Fort DuQuesne, as I hope it was in some measure the being actuated by your spirits that now makes us Masters of the place. …"(Letter from General John Forbes to British Prime Minister William Pitt, dated 27th November 1758)

Bibliography

Works CitedTignor, Robert L. "Chapter 12, Transformation of Europe." Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: a History of the World from the Mongol Empire to the Present. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008. 586-94. Print.

"A Day in the Life of Louis XIV - Palace of Versailles." En.chateauversailles.fr. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://en.chateauversailles.fr/history/versailles-during-the-centuries/living-at-the-court/a-day-in-the-life-of-louis-xiv>.

LaHaye, Laura. "Mercantilism." Library of Economics and Liberty. Liberty Fund, Inc., 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html>.