Europe Looks OutwardEurope Looks Outward

Chapter 2Chapter 2

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration

In about 1001, the In about 1001, the Vikings from Vikings from Scandinavia arrived Scandinavia arrived in North Americain North America

Leif Erikson and 35 Leif Erikson and 35 other sailors left from other sailors left from Greenland to North Greenland to North AmericaAmerica

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus

believed he could reach believed he could reach Asia by sailing west Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic across the Atlantic OceanOcean

He learned all he knew He learned all he knew from working on from working on Portuguese ships, but Portuguese ships, but when he tried to get his when he tried to get his own ship, the King own ship, the King turned him down. turned him down.

He moved to Spain and He moved to Spain and presented his plan to presented his plan to King Ferdinand and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who Queen Isabella, who gave Columbus money gave Columbus money for his tripfor his trip

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration In August of 1492, In August of 1492,

Columbus and 90 men Columbus and 90 men set sail on three ships, set sail on three ships, the Nina, the Pinta and the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Mariathe Santa Maria

After three months, After three months, Columbus found land Columbus found land and claimed it for and claimed it for Spain. Thinking it was Spain. Thinking it was India, he called the India, he called the people on the land people on the land Indians. Indians.

Columbus then sailed Columbus then sailed south and found the south and found the island of Cubaisland of Cuba

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration Columbus traveled back Columbus traveled back

to Spain in January of to Spain in January of 1493, and claimed that 1493, and claimed that there was lots of gold in there was lots of gold in the “West Indies”the “West Indies”

Columbus made three Columbus made three more voyages to what he more voyages to what he thought was India, he thought was India, he found present day Puerto found present day Puerto Rico and northern South Rico and northern South AmericaAmerica

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration Many explorers Many explorers

followed the route followed the route charted by Columbuscharted by Columbus

In 1510, Spanish explorer In 1510, Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, explored the Caribbean explored the Caribbean coast of Panama, he also coast of Panama, he also went through the forest went through the forest and saw the Pacific and saw the Pacific OceanOcean

In September 1519, In September 1519, Portuguese explorer, Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan planned to find a planned to find a passage from the Atlantic passage from the Atlantic to the Pacificto the Pacific

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration For more then one For more then one

year, his fleet traveled year, his fleet traveled down the South down the South American coast American coast looking for a strait. looking for a strait.

They traveled so far They traveled so far south, they saw south, they saw penguinspenguins

Magellan finally Magellan finally reached the Philippine reached the Philippine Islands, where he was Islands, where he was killed in battle. killed in battle.

The survivors fled in The survivors fled in two ships, they two ships, they reached Spain in reached Spain in September 1522, after September 1522, after circumnavigating the circumnavigating the earth.earth.

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration All of this exploration All of this exploration

began the Columbian began the Columbian ExchangeExchange

This was a transfer of This was a transfer of people, products and people, products and ideas between ideas between hemisphereshemispheres

Positive effects were Positive effects were the transfer of animals the transfer of animals and food plantsand food plants

Negative effects was Negative effects was the transfer of germs, the transfer of germs, which killed the Native which killed the Native AmericansAmericans

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas

By the early 1500’s By the early 1500’s the Spanish were in the Spanish were in the Americasthe Americas

Spanish explorers Spanish explorers are called are called conquistadors and conquistadors and wanted to explore the wanted to explore the

world.world.

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas In 1519, conquistador In 1519, conquistador

Hernando Cortes sailed Hernando Cortes sailed from Cuba to Mexicofrom Cuba to Mexico By November, he went to By November, he went to

the Aztec capital of the Aztec capital of TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

The Aztec leader The Aztec leader Montezuma tried to get Montezuma tried to get Cortes to leave by offering Cortes to leave by offering him gold.him gold. Cortes held Cortes held

Montezuma captive, Montezuma captive, but the Aztecs but the Aztecs rebelled and forced rebelled and forced the Spaniards to fleethe Spaniards to flee

A year later, Cortes A year later, Cortes returned and destroyed returned and destroyed Tenochtitlan. He built Tenochtitlan. He built Mexico CityMexico City

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas Another conquistador, Another conquistador,

Francisco Pizarro, Francisco Pizarro, landed on the coast of landed on the coast of Peru in 1531. Peru in 1531. By September 1532, By September 1532,

he led his soldiers into he led his soldiers into the center of the Incan the center of the Incan Empire and took it Empire and took it over, by November over, by November 1533, The Spanish 1533, The Spanish took over the capital took over the capital city of Cuzcocity of Cuzco

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas There were many There were many

reasons that the reasons that the Spaniards beat the Spaniards beat the native American native American ArmiesArmies

The Spanish used The Spanish used armor, muskets and armor, muskets and canonscanons

The Spanish rode The Spanish rode horseshorses

The Natives were The Natives were divided before the divided before the Spanish had arrivedSpanish had arrived

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas In 1513, Juan Ponce de In 1513, Juan Ponce de

Leon, sailed from Puerto Leon, sailed from Puerto Rico and found FloridaRico and found Florida

After 8 years in Florida, only After 8 years in Florida, only four of 400 explorers four of 400 explorers remained alive because of remained alive because of starvation, disease and starvation, disease and becoming enslavedbecoming enslaved

Spain had to create a formal Spain had to create a formal system of government its system of government its new coloniesnew colonies

The government gave The government gave settlers large sections of settlers large sections of lands to start mines, lands to start mines, ranches and plantations.ranches and plantations.

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas Spain also gave the Spain also gave the

colonists encomiedas, colonists encomiedas, and forced the natives and forced the natives to work in the gold and to work in the gold and silver mines. silver mines.

Bartoleme de Las Bartoleme de Las Casas, a priest, Casas, a priest, traveled to New Spain traveled to New Spain to try and change the to try and change the encomiedas system encomiedas system because so many because so many Natives were dying. Natives were dying.

The Spanish also The Spanish also believed that they had believed that they had to convert the Natives to convert the Natives to Christianity, they set to Christianity, they set up missionsup missions

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas Because so many Because so many

Native workers were Native workers were dying, the Spanish dying, the Spanish looked for a new looked for a new source of labor. source of labor.

In 1517, they brought In 1517, they brought Africans to the Africans to the Caribbean islands to Caribbean islands to

work for themwork for them

Spain’s Empire in the AmericasSpain’s Empire in the Americas There was a social class There was a social class

system in the colonies that system in the colonies that was based on birthplace was based on birthplace and ethnic group. and ethnic group.

On the top was the On the top was the peninsulares-the Spanish peninsulares-the Spanish colonists born in Spaincolonists born in Spain

A Creole was someone who A Creole was someone who was born to peninsulare was born to peninsulare parents in the colonyparents in the colony

A Mestizo was a person who A Mestizo was a person who had both Spanish and Native had both Spanish and Native parentsparents

The lowest were mulatto, The lowest were mulatto, which were people of which were people of Spanish and African heritageSpanish and African heritage

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

By 1530, Europe By 1530, Europe had been split had been split between the Roman between the Roman Catholic Church and Catholic Church and the Protestant the Protestant Church. Church.

England had become England had become Protestant because Protestant because the King wanted a the King wanted a divorce and the divorce and the Catholic Church Catholic Church

would not allow it.would not allow it.

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

Religious tensions Religious tensions caused uncertainty, caused uncertainty, which made which made European leaders to European leaders to think that they could think that they could not trust each other. not trust each other.

This led to This led to mercantilism, which mercantilism, which the mother country the mother country relied on the relied on the colonies, not another colonies, not another

country.country.

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

After a series of deaths in After a series of deaths in the royalty of England, the royalty of England, Protestant Queen Protestant Queen Elizabeth I restarted the Elizabeth I restarted the rivalry with Roman rivalry with Roman Catholic Spain. Catholic Spain.

The British even attacked The British even attacked Spanish ships at sea. Spanish ships at sea.

By 1588, Phillip, the By 1588, Phillip, the leader of Spain, took 130 leader of Spain, took 130 warships and began the warships and began the Spanish Armada, or an Spanish Armada, or an attack on England. attack on England.

The English ships were The English ships were faster and sand many of faster and sand many of the Spanish Ships-this the Spanish Ships-this was an embarrassing loss was an embarrassing loss for the Spanishfor the Spanish

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

John Cabot, an John Cabot, an Italian native, began Italian native, began to explore for to explore for England and left for England and left for the North Atlantic in the North Atlantic in May 1497May 1497

He explored He explored Newfoundland and Newfoundland and may have explored may have explored Chesapeake Bay, we Chesapeake Bay, we do not know because do not know because his ship disappearedhis ship disappeared

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

England, France and Holland England, France and Holland realized that the new lands realized that the new lands were not Asia and began to were not Asia and began to look for the Northwest look for the Northwest Passage. Passage.

In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano, In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano, searched for the passage for searched for the passage for France. France. He explored from North Carolina He explored from North Carolina

to Newfoundland. to Newfoundland. Jacque Cartier also made three Jacque Cartier also made three

trips to the New World from trips to the New World from France, he discovered the St. France, he discovered the St. Lawrence River and went up to Lawrence River and went up to MontrealMontreal

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

English explorer, Henry English explorer, Henry Hudson, made four Hudson, made four voyages to find the North voyages to find the North West Passage. West Passage.

By 1609, he reached New By 1609, he reached New York and what is now the York and what is now the Hudson RiverHudson River

On his fourth trip, his crew On his fourth trip, his crew was very unhappy with the was very unhappy with the icy waters they found icy waters they found themselves in so they themselves in so they mutinied against him, and mutinied against him, and threw him and his son off threw him and his son off the boat.the boat.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The French began The French began to settle colonies in to settle colonies in the early 1600’sthe early 1600’s

In 1603, Samuel de In 1603, Samuel de Champlain made his Champlain made his first voyage to the St. first voyage to the St. Lawrence River, Lawrence River, when he returned, he when he returned, he established Quebecestablished Quebec

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The French were The French were different then the different then the Spanish, in New Spain, Spanish, in New Spain, the Spanish wanted the Spanish wanted gold, silver and gold, silver and precious metals. The precious metals. The French wanted furs and French wanted furs and fishfish

The French traded with The French traded with the Native Americans, the Native Americans, they did not enslave they did not enslave them. them.

Champlain established Champlain established the first trading post, in the first trading post, in Nova Scotia in 1604.Nova Scotia in 1604.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

It was not until the late It was not until the late 1600’s that the French 1600’s that the French began to farm. began to farm.

In 1670, French In 1670, French missionary Jacque missionary Jacque Marquette founded two Marquette founded two missions along the missions along the Great LakesGreat Lakes

In 1673, Marquette and In 1673, Marquette and Louis Joliet, a trader, Louis Joliet, a trader, found what is now Green found what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin.Bay, Wisconsin. They found the They found the

Mississippi River, and Mississippi River, and traveled down, to the traveled down, to the Arkansas RiverArkansas River

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The Dutch also The Dutch also claimed land based claimed land based on Henry Hudson. on Henry Hudson.

In 1610, Dutch In 1610, Dutch traders began to traders began to trade with the Native trade with the Native Americans. Americans.

They made so much They made so much money, they set up money, they set up the Dutch West India the Dutch West India CompanyCompany

This land that the This land that the Dutch settled was Dutch settled was called New called New Netherland.Netherland.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The British wanted The British wanted this land because it this land because it prevented the prevented the settlers from moving settlers from moving westward. westward. The British seized The British seized

New Netherland New Netherland and renamed the and renamed the territory New York, territory New York, after the Kings after the Kings brother, the Duke of brother, the Duke of York.York.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The Dutch and the The Dutch and the French began to French began to make alliances with make alliances with the Native the Native Americans.Americans.

The French became The French became trading partners with trading partners with the Huron’sthe Huron’s

The Huron’s and The Huron’s and Iroquois were Iroquois were enemies so the enemies so the Dutch became Dutch became trading partners with trading partners with the Iroquois.the Iroquois.