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EuropeAidThe Urban Dimension in the European Development Policy
Raul MATEUS PAULA
EuropeAid, Centralised operations for ACP countries
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Definition
• Urbanisation is above all :
A spatial expansion process (where people form communities over a small area)
A social process generating contradictions
A refuge during armed conflicts/instability
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Definition
• Three conditions
A surplus of agricultural production for feeding the non-producers
Trading mechanisms for the distribution of goods
Political regulations governing the use of the surplus by non-producers
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Challenges
• A major sector for development aid, considering that :
Urbanisation is a planetary phenomenon
Urbanisation is inevitable and irreversible
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Challenges
• A great challenge :
Manage the phenomenal growth of the urban population
Deal with the related problem of slums
Deal with the climatic change (adapt and mitigate)
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Response
• Recognize the positive role of urbanization for economic and social development, as well as and cultural changes
• Recognize the existence of pockets of high poverty
• Adapt the scale of interventions at the regional and local level
• Emphasize the urban dimension of infrastructure projects
• Build resilience to disasters
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EuropeAid
Urban development : Response
• Reinforce the territorial dimension of institutional reforms by decentralizing and by supporting local governments management
• Support the fight against poverty via cross-cutting issues in relation with urban development: health / environment / gender considerations / good governance / migration issues
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EuropeAid
Urban development : type of EC-funded projects
3 areas of cooperation :
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction of basic urban infrastructures following conflicts and natural disasters
• Risks reduction and disaster prevention
• Urban operations
– Buildings for health and education, markets, judiciary…
– Solid and liquid waste management
– Technical assistance to municipalities / urban micro projects
– Slum upgrading and improving living conditions in towns
– Cultural heritage protection and preservation of historical sites and buildings
– Local economic development and micro-finance
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EuropeAid
EC presence in the ACP regions
• In all ACP
ad-hoc operations, mostly of social/transport/water character.
- LRRD activities, as part of security and recovery strategy (RDC, Haiti, Liberia…)
- with UN-HABITAT:
“Slum Uprgrading Programme in 30 ACP countries” : urban profiles and action plans to identify areas for support and build a framework for long term interventions
4 M€, started in 2008
- with WB Trust-fund “Cities Alliance”:
Anti-slum strategies and urban poverty reduction,
EC participation of 0.75 M€, approved 2007
• In South Africa
Many urban programs ranging from local economic development, municipal strengthening, to urban infrastructures.
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EuropeAidDEV-URB Statistics
EC Commitments between 1995 and 2006 by Sub-sectors
44%
32%
13%6%
4%
1%
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Urban Development and Housing Social Infrastructure
Disaster Risk Reduction Cultural Buildings and sites Solid Waste Disposal
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EuropeAidDEV-URB Statistics
EC Comitments between 1995 and 2006 by Region
31%
7%16%
19%
2%
6%
19% 0%
African, Caribbean, Pacific (EDF) South Africa (AFS)
Central and Latin America (ALA) Asie (ALA)
Balkans (CARDS) Pre-Accession Eastern European Countries (PHARE)
Mediterranean countries and Middle East (MEDA) Ex-soviet countries and Central Asia (TACIS)
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EuropeAidPossible themes for future cooperation(other than rehabilitation/recontruction)
Describe and orient the cities development (cartography, land-use and master-plans…)
Cities governance (institutional reinforcement of municipalities…)
Urban economics (equilibrium between affordability and cost-recovery…)
Housing and land tenancy issues Access to basic services (health/education, water
supply/sanitation…) Urban mobility (identify the needs, global strategy…) Urban security and safety Sustainable cities (environment, urban/rural relationship,
local economic development…) Mitigation of climatic change impact (reinforcement of
critical infrastructures, C0² limitation strategies…) Inter-city cooperation (both north-south and south-south) Preservation of the cultural heritage
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EuropeAidMDG urban paradox
MDG objective 7.3:« Ensure environmental sustainability – achieve
significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million dwellers by 2020 » targets approximately 10% of the existing “stock”, but the slum population will continue to rise up to 1,5 billion by 2020.
Conclusion : Slum inhabitants will be multiplied by FIVE in comparison to those whose life, in the meanwhile, would have been improved…
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EuropeAid
• http://circa.europa.eu/Members/irc/europeaid/urbandeveloppment/info/data/urbdevwebsite/en/index_en.htm?cookie=1
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EuropeAid
Towards sustainable urban development - 1
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EuropeAid
Towards sustainable urban development - 2