European approaches to transport data collection and analysis for strategic policy and impact evaluation

TRB 92nd Annual Meeting

Session 824: Transport data program development: International best practices – Part 2

16th January 2013

Sujith KollamthodiPractice Director – Sustainable TransportRicardo-AEA Limited

Overview

• Ricardo-AEA is responsible for annually compiling the UK’s National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory

• Key part of this is the road transportation emissions inventory

• Complexity of the road transportation sector means that multiple data sources are required to provide accurate estimates

• New techniques and data sources are enabling us to make significant improvements to these inventories

Basic methodology

Emission factordeterminants:• pollutant type• vehicle type• vehicle size (engine

size/weight)• vehicle age• retrofit technology• fuel type• fuel quality• fuel volatility• speed• temperature• degradation

Emission factors• hot exhaust• cold start• evaporative

Activity data• km traveled/yr• fuel

consumption/yr• trip length

EMISSIONS• tonnes/yr (UK)• 1x1 km maps

Emissions from each vehicle type

= Emission Factor X Activity

(Tonnes per year) (grams/km or g/kg fuel (vkm traveled or kg fuel consumed)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4

Speed (kph)

NO

x (

g/k

m)

Road transport inventory – coverage and level of disaggregation

Pollutants• CO2, CH4, N2O, Fuel consumption

• NOx, PM10, PM2.5, CO, VOCs, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, SO2, NH3, primary NO2, PAHs…

Vehicle types• Petrol and diesel cars

• Petrol and diesel vans

• Rigid and artic HGVs

• Buses and coaches

• Motorcycles

Road types• Urban• Rural• Motorway

Activity dataAnnual vehicle km data

• Department for Transport (DfT) traffic census: for Great Britain, with disaggregation for England, Scotland, Wales

Vehicle Speed data• DfT traffic census

Vehicle sales and fleet composition data (DfT Licensing Statistics)

• % diesel cars

• % by age (to derive fleet composition by emissions standard)

• Technology, retrofits

Fuel consumption data from UK official fuel sales statistics• Gasoline, diesel, LPG , natural gas

• Bottom-up estimates reconciled with top-down fuel sales data

Road traffic by vehicle type and road class

Information required by 31st August each year: all years back to 1990 on a consistent basis

Road traffic by vehicle type and road class in Great Britain 2011 (Billion vehicle kilometers)

Cars and taxis

Motor-cycles

Buses & coaches Light vans

Goods vehicles

All motor vehicles

Motorways 2 75.0 0.4 0.4 12.5 11.2 99.5

Rural 'A' roads:Trunk 3 44.3 0.4 0.3 7.9 5.2 58.1Principal 66.2 0.8 0.6 11.4 4.1 83.1All rural 'A' roads 110.5 1.1 0.9 19.3 9.3 141.2

Urban 'A' roads: 1

Trunk 3 4.3 - - 0.7 0.3 5.4Principal 60.5 0.8 1.1 9.2 2.3 73.9All urban 'A' roads 64.7 0.8 1.2 9.9 2.6 79.3

All major roads 4 250.3 2.4 2.5 41.7 23.0 319.9

Minor roads:Minor rural roads 52.8 0.8 0.5 10.8 1.4 66.3Minor urban roads 1 84.3 1.5 1.7 14.0 1.2 102.7All minor roads 137.1 2.3 2.1 24.9 2.6 169.0

ALL ROADS 387.4 4.6 4.7 66.6 25.6 488.9

Mapping fuel use and emissions

Emissions mapped using • OS UK Road Network Links• DfT traffic census count-point data• Speed data from automatic traffic counters• VKM traveled statistics

Implied UK-average emission factors for many different road typesAverage

Emission Factors by Road Type

DfT Traffic Flows &

VKM

OS Road Network

Links

1x1 km Emission Maps

LA Fuel UseStatistics

LA CO2

Statistics

• 1x1 km emission maps• Local Authority Fuel Use Statistics

to support provision of sub-national energy trends

• Local Authority CO2 end user emissions

Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data

Current situation• Vehicle fleet composition estimates based on

licensing data, vehicle survival functions, mileage-with-age profiles

• No regional or road-type variations, except assumption that higher mileage for diesel cars on rural roads/motorways than on urban roads

NAEI analysis of ANPR data• Variation in petrol/diesel car mix by region and

road type• Variation in age distribution for cars, vans and

heavy duty trucks by region and road type

Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ANPR data: Proportion of car fleet on urban roads comprising diesel cars in different regions of the UK:

2007-2010 East of England

East Midlands

London

North East

North West

South East

South West

West Midlands

Yorkshire/Humber

Scotland

Wales

Benefits of using ANPR data

Improved fleet composition

data

Improved emissions for both AQ and

GHG inventories

Country-specific inventories for GHG emissions from road

transport

Improvements to the UK’s National

Transport Model and road scheme

assessment tools

Improvements to Local Authority Air Quality

Review and Assessments, Air Quality Action Plans and Local Authority CO2

inventories

Summary

• UK road transportation emissions inventory relies on a huge amount of traffic and vehicle data supplied by the UK Department for Transport

• Continuous improvement of the methodologies used means that the current approach has a high level of accuracy

• ANPR data can help further improve transportation inventories by providing better resolution at the regional and local level

Sujith KollamthodiPractice Director – Sustainable Transport

Ricardo-AEA LimitedThe Gemini BuildingFermi AvenueHarwellOxfordshireOX11 0QRUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)870 190 6513E: sujith.kollamthodi@ricardo-aea.com W: http://www.ricardo-aea.com

Copyright Ricardo-AEA LtdThis presentation is submitted by Ricardo-AEA. It may not be used for any other purposes, reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific permission in writing of the Commercial Manager, Ricardo-AEA Ltd.