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European Renaissance European Renaissance and Reformationand Reformation
Unit 4Unit 4
Chapter 17 Chapter 17
(p.468-502)(p.468-502)
I. The RenaissanceI. The Renaissance
A.A. DescriptionDescriptionWhat? What? Revival of art and learningRevival of art and learning When? 1300-1600When? 1300-1600Where? ItalyWhere? ItalyWhy? Middle Ages brought plague and war, Why? Middle Ages brought plague and war,
the survivors wanted to celebrate life. the survivors wanted to celebrate life. Educated men and women hoped to Educated men and women hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome. Led to NEW styles of art and and Rome. Led to NEW styles of art and lit. & the importance of the individuallit. & the importance of the individual
The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)
B.B. Italy’s advantagesItaly’s advantages1.1. Thriving citiesThriving cities
Crusades spread trade which led to cities, Crusades spread trade which led to cities, especially in Northern Italy.especially in Northern Italy.
Ideal breeding ground for an intellectual Ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolutionrevolution
Crusades killed 60% of those people. Crusades killed 60% of those people. Survivors could demand higher wages. Survivors could demand higher wages. Merchants pursued other interests=ARTMerchants pursued other interests=ART
The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)
2.2. Wealthy Merchant ClassWealthy Merchant Class• Developed in each city-stateDeveloped in each city-state• b/c they were small, lots of people could b/c they were small, lots of people could
participate in political lifeparticipate in political life• Individual achievement became importantIndividual achievement became important• MediciMedici family ruled Florence family ruled Florence
Banking familyBanking family Ruled as dictators with appearance of being Ruled as dictators with appearance of being
a republica republic
The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)
3.3. Heritage of Greece and RomeHeritage of Greece and Rome Wanted to Return to the learning of ancient Greece and Wanted to Return to the learning of ancient Greece and
RomeRome Drew inspiration from the ruins of RomeDrew inspiration from the ruins of Rome Studied ancient Latin manuscriptsStudied ancient Latin manuscripts Christian scholars had fled to Rome in 1453 with Greek Christian scholars had fled to Rome in 1453 with Greek
manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinoplemanuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople
The Renaissance (cont’d) The Renaissance (cont’d)
C.C. ValuesValues HumanismHumanism: focused on human : focused on human
potential and achievementspotential and achievements SecularSecular: worldly rather than spiritual: worldly rather than spiritual PatronsPatrons: financially supported artists: financially supported artists The Renaissance ManThe Renaissance Man: a man who : a man who
excelled in many fields (art, literature, excelled in many fields (art, literature, athletics, educated, etc.)athletics, educated, etc.)
The Renaissance WomanThe Renaissance Woman: upper class : upper class women were expected to be educated women were expected to be educated and charming as welland charming as well
II. Art RevolutionizesII. Art Revolutionizes
A.A. Styles ChangeStyles Change1.1. Perspective: 3-dPerspective: 3-d
2.2. Individuals emphasized; prominent Individuals emphasized; prominent people being painted (realistic looking)people being painted (realistic looking)
Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
B.B. ArtistsArtists1.1. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientistPainter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist Mona LisaMona Lisa The Last SupperThe Last Supper
Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
2.2. MichelangeloMichelangelo• Sculptor, poet, architect; realistic style to Sculptor, poet, architect; realistic style to
portray human bodyportray human body• Statue of DavidStatue of David• Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel
Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
3.3. RaphaelRaphael Learned from Michelangelo and LeonardoLearned from Michelangelo and Leonardo School of AthensSchool of Athens Painted Mic, Leo, and himselfPainted Mic, Leo, and himself
Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
4.4. Anguissola and GentileschiAnguissola and Gentileschi Famous women paintersFamous women painters
Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
C.C. Literature changesLiterature changes1.1. Vernacular: native Vernacular: native
languagelanguage
2.2. MachiavelliMachiavelli: famous : famous author, author, The PrinceThe Prince
Imperfect conduct of Imperfect conduct of peoplepeople
Most are selfish, Most are selfish, fickle, and corruptfickle, and corrupt
Prince must be Prince must be strong and shrewdstrong and shrewd
III. Northern RenaissanceIII. Northern Renaissance
A.A. Renaissance Renaissance Spreads NorthSpreads North
1494, French king 1494, French king claimed throne in claimed throne in Naples, war Naples, war erupts.erupts.
Renaissance Renaissance writers and artists writers and artists fled North and fled North and took their ideas took their ideas with themwith them
Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
1.1. France: France: da Vinci invited to retire in France and da Vinci invited to retire in France and
hired to paint king’s palacehired to paint king’s palace
2.2. Germany:Germany: Hans Holbein paints portraits with picture Hans Holbein paints portraits with picture
like qualitylike quality
3.3. Flanders:Flanders: Starts oil-based painting still used today; Starts oil-based painting still used today;
portrayed everyday peasant life including portrayed everyday peasant life including weddings, dances, and harvestsweddings, dances, and harvests
Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
B.B. Northern writers try to reform Northern writers try to reform societysociety
1.1. Christian Humanists: Christian Humanists: • wanted to reform society; encourage people to wanted to reform society; encourage people to
live a Christian lifelive a Christian life• Promoted the education of women and founded Promoted the education of women and founded
schools attended by both girls and boysschools attended by both girls and boys• Thomas More: Thomas More: UtopiaUtopia; ; tried to show a better tried to show a better
model of societymodel of society
Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
2.2. Women’s reformsWomen’s reforms Christine de Pizan; very educated for the Christine de Pizan; very educated for the
time; wrote books, manuscripts, short time; wrote books, manuscripts, short stories and questioned treatment of boys stories and questioned treatment of boys and girlsand girls
IV. Elizabethan AgeIV. Elizabethan Age
What? Renaissance in What? Renaissance in EnglandEngland
Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth reigned 1558-1603reigned 1558-1603
Very well educated, Very well educated, spoke French, spoke French, Italian, Latin, Greek; Italian, Latin, Greek; wrote poetry and wrote poetry and musicmusic
Huge supporter of Huge supporter of art and litart and lit
Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
William Shakespeare: most famous William Shakespeare: most famous writer of Elizabethan Agewriter of Elizabethan Age
Regarded as greatest playwright of all timeRegarded as greatest playwright of all time Works display masterful command of the Works display masterful command of the
English language and a deep understanding of English language and a deep understanding of human naturehuman nature
Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer’s Night DreamA Midsummer’s Night Dream
V. Printing PressV. Printing Press
Johann GutenburgJohann Gutenburg• 1440; developed printing press 1440; developed printing press
that incorporated new technologies; that incorporated new technologies; made it possible to produce books made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaplyquickly and cheaply
• Produce hundreds of copiesProduce hundreds of copies• Went from producing 1 book in 5 Went from producing 1 book in 5
months, to producing 500 books in 5 months, to producing 500 books in 5 monthsmonths
• Perhaps the most important invention of Perhaps the most important invention of all time!!all time!!
Legacy of the RenaissanceLegacy of the Renaissance Changes in ArtChanges in Art
• Drew on techniques Drew on techniques from Greece and Romefrom Greece and Rome
• more realisticmore realistic• Writers used vernacularWriters used vernacular• Praised individual Praised individual
achievementachievement
Changes in SocietyChanges in Society
• Printing made more info Printing made more info available for societyavailable for society
• Increased desire to Increased desire to learnlearn
• New maps & charts New maps & charts further discoveriesfurther discoveries
• Made laws clear so Made laws clear so people able to people able to understand rightsunderstand rights
• Christian humanists Christian humanists changed views on how changed views on how society should besociety should be
• People begin to People begin to question political question political structures and religious structures and religious practicespractices