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European RenaissanceCHAPTER 17.1 AND 17.2
Where have we been?
In the last unit we talked about The European Middle Ages (500-1200) Charlemagne and the Germanic Kingdoms European Feudalism How the Catholic church has power and influence
over governments How Western Europe developed The impact of the Plague
Where are we going?
The Renaissance: Period of explosive development in the arts, literature, and thought from 1300 to 1600 in Europe
The Reformation: Religious reform movement in Europe during the 1500’s that ultimately led to the birth of Protestant faiths ( Baptist, Methodist, etc.)
Why Here, Why Now?Reasons for the Renaissance
Crusaders returned to Europe with a newfound understanding of the world
Invention of the printing press encouraged literacy and aided the spread of new ideas
Capitol (extra cash) was now becoming increasingly available and allowed people to become, patrons: supporters of the arts
The development of bookkeeping and the use of credit allowed merchants to flourish
Italian Renaissance
Began in Northern Italian cities of Florence, Genoa, and Venice
“Rebirth” in which the educated wanted to bring back the cultural greatness of Classical Greece and Rome
Why Italy? Thriving cities Wealthy merchant class Heritage of Greece and Rome
Italian Advantages
City-states: urban settings allowed exchange of ideas
Wealthy merchants, such as the Medici family in Florence, used fortunes to influence politics and promote individual achievement
Nearby Roman ruins supplied inspiration for Italian artists
Humanism
Study of ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts led to Humanism: intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Humanist Ideas: Classical Greek and Roman traditions Study of Humanities (history, lit, philosophy) Enjoyment of material luxury, secularism
Renaissance Man
Idea that emerged from Renaissance writers (Castiglione’s The Courtier) about what educated people should be: Artistically creative Charming and witty Well-educated in the classics Dance, sing, play music, write poetry Skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman
Renaissance Art
Technique of perspective: shows 3 dimensions on a flat surface
Focused on religious subjects, realistic styles, prominent citizens
Examples: Michelangelo Donatello Leonardo Raphael Anguissola and Gentileschi
Michelangelo's The Last Judgment
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
The Vitruvian Man
Raphael’s Galatea Raphael’s Sistine Madonna
Anguissola’s Self Portrait
Gentileschi’s Self Portrait
Renaissance Literature
Characteristics: use of native language (vernacular), wrote for self-expression or individuality
Examples: Petrarch: Father of Renaissance Humanism Boccaccio: Decameron Machiavelli: The Prince- Political guidebook
Not concerned with what was morally right but what is politically effective
“Strong as a lion, shrewd as a fox”
Printing Spreads Renaissance
Most significant “invention” of the time was the printing press
Gutenberg creates a much faster, cheaper method of literature reproduction First used on the Bible
Cheap books became more available to the public leading to an overall increase in literacy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWka8vYzqHM
Questions for Review
Why was the Renaissance important?
Why did the Renaissance occur?
TOMORROW: THE REFORMATION