Enduring Understandings The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. Nationalism can act as both a unifying and divisive force . Questions What new ideas moved to the rest of Europe that helped to fuel their revolutions for political change? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS Enduring Understandings 1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. 2. Nationalism can act as both a unifying and divisive force. Questions 3. What new ideas moved to the rest of Europe that helped to fuel their revolutions for political change? 4. How did nationalism play a role in these revolutions. Agenda – Warm-up: complete packet page #22 and Venn diagram comparing Haiti, Latin America and Mexican Revolutions. 5. Take Europe and South America Map Quizzes 6. Complete p #23 about European Revolutions 7. Answer questions 1 and 2 above 8. Create a Venn Diagram comparing French, Western Hemisphere and European Revolutions – how do these similarities illustrate the Enduring Understandings?
Transcript
EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS
Enduring Understandings1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to
revolution.2. Nationalism can act as both a unifying and divisive force.Questions3. What new ideas moved to the rest of Europe that helped to fuel their
revolutions for political change?4. How did nationalism play a role in these revolutions.Agenda – Warm-up: complete packet page #22 and Venn diagram
comparing Haiti, Latin America and Mexican Revolutions. 5. Take Europe and South America Map Quizzes6. Complete p #23 about European Revolutions7. Answer questions 1 and 2 above8. Create a Venn Diagram comparing French, Western
Hemisphere and European Revolutions – how do these similarities illustrate the Enduring Understandings?
EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS
Enduring Understandings1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to
revolution.2. Nationalism can act as both a unifying and divisive force.Questions3. What new ideas moved to the rest of Europe that helped to fuel their
revolutions for political change?4. How did nationalism play a role in these revolutions.Agenda – Warm-up: Finish p#22 and then complete Venn diagram
comparing Haiti, Latin America and Mexican Revolutions. 5. Complete p #23 about European Revolutions6. Answer questions 1 and 2 above7. Create a Venn Diagram comparing French, Western
Hemisphere and European Revolutions – how do these similarities illustrate the Enduring Understandings?
8. Go to link on pbworks review sheet and classworks page under unit 2 - click on wikipedia entry on the Arab Spring. Read the overview and motivations sections of the
9. Identify the similarities among the revolutions we have studied and identify MWH historical connections
Reasons and strategies for Latin American independence movements. – Haiti – Slave Rebellion - 1791-1804
Reasons slaves revolted Whites, a small
minority, used brutal methods
African slaves were politically powerless
African slaves were terrorized
African slaves far outnumbered whites.
Enlightened ideas of liberty and equality
Strategies employed to gain independence African priest Boukman
inspired slaves to revolt Toussaint L’Ouverture
became a very successful military and diplomatic leader by finding enemy’s weaknesses
Dessalines became the next leader of revolution promoting Haitian nationalism
Reasons and strategies for Latin American independence movements. – South America – 1814-1824
Reasons Americans revolted Enlightenment ideas of liberty and
equality, and popular sovereignty Opposed being ruled by
Napoleon’s brother, who was made the illegitimate King of Spain - 1808
Class conflict between peninsulares and creoles
When Spanish King returned after defeat of Napoleon in 1814, rebels, mainly Creoles, fought to become independent of Spain and
Creoles also wanted to replace Peninsulares as the class with political power.
Strategies employed by Bolivar and San Martin
Surprise tactics by Bolivar
San Martin – forced surprise march combined with alliance with O’Higgins
Unity between Bolivar and San Martin
Bolivar’s command of a large, very nationalistic motivated volunteer army.
Reasons and strategies for Latin American independence movements. – Mexico – 1810-1821
Importance of grito de Dolores Padre Miguel Hidalgo
used this as a call for peasants to rise up against Spain
Morelos also lost, but furthered the idea of Mexican independence basing it on the popular support for Mexicans governing Mexico (popular sovereignty)
How did each racial group play a role in independence?
Indios and Mestizos fought for the revolution – they were the down-trodden underclasses
Creoles later joined independence to maintain their social and economic positions as the wealthy landowners.
Similarities
Mexico South America
Haiti
1. Social Unrest2. Political instability in European
mother country3. Middle Class took leadership
role4. New Enlightenment ideas of
equality, liberty and popular sovereignty
5. Abusive government6. Use of violence, specifically
well-led guerilla tactics7. Growing nationalism for the
colony rather than the European mother country
1. French citizens’ armies win their revolution for liberty and equality
Results, outcomes, consequences: Rest of Europe begins to buy into French Revolutionary
ideas about: Equality, Liberty Popular sovereignty
Sees success of mass action to achieve goals
2. Greeks revolt against Ottoman Empire
Results, outcomes, consequences: Europeans feel a kinship with Greeks because
of the connection (by way of renaissance) to ancient Greek culture.
Russian feel kinship with Greeks due to Eastern Orthodox religion
European militaries assist Greek independence movement by defeating Ottoman navy.
Greeks win their independence from Ottomans (conflict still exists today on Cyprus)
Revolutions of 1848
A.J.P. Taylor, perhaps the first historian to have a genuinely popular public following due to his masterly presentation of historical topics on a dedicated TV series, in relation to the Germanic experience of 1848 coined the phrase that "history reached its turning point and failed to turn".
Lewis Namier states that “1848 remains a seed-plot of history. It crystallized ideas and projected the pattern of things to come; it determined the course of the following century.“
Poor grain harvests, the appearance of blight - an extremely serious disease - in potato crops, and generally depressed economic conditions across much of Europe in 1845-6 led to sharply rising food prices, unemployment, and a radicalisation of political attitudes.
3. Nationalist groups in Budapest, Prague and Vienna demand independence and self-government
Results, outcomes, consequences: Vienna riots forced resignation of Metternich in Austria Liberal government is demanded by radicals but they
cannot unify Conservative backlash against radicals results in the
failure of the revolutions.
4. Charles X tries to set up absolute monarchy in France.
Results, outcomes, consequences: After Louis XVIII (18th) Charles
X overextends himself and riots break out forcing him to flee, ending the idea of absolutism in France (sorta)
Louis-Philippe becomes king of a constitutional monarchy
Implements some liberal reforms and rules for 18 years.
Becomes increasingly conservative, reacting violently to concerns of the working class hit hard by 1846-47 recession
5. Paris mobs overthrow monarchy of Louis-Philippe.
Results, outcomes, consequences: First, led to radical-led 2nd
Republic 2nd Republic fails within 4 years
because the radicals begin to disagree.
Radical disagreements end in open bloodshed
People react to instability and chaos by supporting conservatives
Who promote and then elect Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
6. Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte is elected president of France and later assumes title of Emperor Napoleon III
Results, outcomes, consequences: Prosperity and peace occurs under the strong
centralized, but enlightened control of Napoleon III Reform plans include:
Building bridges and roads Railroads Schools Modernized Paris And promoted industrialization
7. Nicholas I threatens to take over part of the Ottoman Empire during Crimean War
Results, outcomes, consequences: Russia is defeated
due to lack of industrialization and transportation capabilities
Alexander II (who succeeded Nicholas as Czar) plans to rapidly modernize and industrialize
8. Alexander II issues the Edict of Emancipation
Results, outcomes, consequences: Serfdom technically ends in
Russia Serf no are no longer legally tied
to the land. Peasant communities now own
the land. BUT… Peasants have to work to pay
off the land, by paying the Czar. Essentially they are tied to the land through debt.
Similarities
French European
Western hemisphere
1. Social Unrest2. Political instability 3. Middle Class took leadership
role4. New Enlightenment ideas of
equality, liberty and popular sovereignty
5. Food and/or economic crisis6. Use of violence, 7. Growing nationalism
Research revolutions today – produce a brief powerpoint to illustrate the comparisons to the 19th century Latin American Revolutions
