21
European Utility Week 2014 Amsterdam Case Study Power Network 2030 Stettlen Oliver Krone Head of Smart Grid Engineering BKW Energie AG - Switzerland 5 November 2014
European Utility Week 2014 Amsterdam Case Study Power Network 2030 Stettlen Oliver Krone Head of Smart Grid Engineering BKW Energie AG - Switzerland 5 November 2014
Agenda
► BKW Group and Activities
► Motivation and Use Case
► Landis+Gyr S650 Smart Grid Terminal
► Field test in Stettlen
► Results
► Experiences
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 2
BKW – one of Switzerland's largest energy companies
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 3
Supplied inhabitants > 1’000’000
Private customers* 357’118
Business customers* 2'558
Distribution partner 133
* Numbers based on contracts All data refers to 2013
The BKW Group covers all stages of energy supply: from production and transmission to trading and distribution.
BKW Group in a nutshell
BKW Group Key Facts
BKW Group ► Major shareholder: canton of Bern (52.5%) ► Number of employees (FTE): more than 3'100
► Total operating revenue (2013): 2.7 Mia. CHF ► Electricity Sales (2013): 19.4 TWh
BKW Generation ► Hydroelectric plants (1.5 GW) : 14 own / 17 shareholdings ► Nuclear power plants (800 MW) : 1 own / 3 shareholdings ► New renewables energy (1.1 GW) : 15 own / 1 shareholding
BKW Grid ► Distribution Network: 1'124 km high voltage / 5'721 km medium voltage ► Number of stations: 72 substations / 5'600 transformer stations
► Percentage of cabled line length: 15% high voltage, 50% medium voltage, 90% low voltage
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 4
BKW Vision 2030: leading Swiss energy service provider
Develop Services as third pillar next to Generation and Grid BKW power flex: ► Cooperation with EnerNOC ► Virtual Power Plant / Industry Demand Side Management
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 5
Virtual Power Plant
Paradigm Shift in Distribution Network Operation
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 6
EXISTING
Use Case: Transformer Station Monitoring
► Motivation: Increasingly fluctuating and growing loading of distribution transformers
► Approach: continuous monitoring of power flow (loading), asymmetries, harmonics of voltage and current, … à Generate messages for defined events and alarms in critical conditions
► Additionally: basic recording of continuity of supply and power quality
► In the long run: basis of information for planning, construction and operation of the distribution network (MV and LV) à detect room for improvement through targeted investments
à increase quality of supply à reduce network losses
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 7
Motivation for the Case Study
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 8
Trailing Pointers Power Quality Analysers Solution is § Simple § Established § Comparatively low-cost § Not «smart»
Solution is § Complex § Innovative § Comparatively expensive § «smart»
In use area-wide at many distribution network operators
Currently tested in single research or pilot projects in selected network areas
Insight limited to peak power within the readout interval without temporal information
Provide new insights (load, power quality, harmonics, frequency, distribution losses, etc.)
At BKW transformer stations are partly equipped with trailing pointers
So far only few experience with power quality analysers at BKW
Transformer Station Monitoring
Objective: gain experience in a limited test region
Partnership BKW with Landis+Gyr
► Existing cooperation mainly for electricity meters and ripple control receivers ► BKW as major cantonal utility acts as reseller for L+G products to municipal utilities
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 9
Gridstream
L+G's major product. It offers a flexible tailored solution for individual customer needs.
Network management
Dynamic load management
Advanced Metering
Provides the controls the utilities need to manage energy better.
Power Quality Information from our AMM solution optimise electricity network capacity.
Load Management systems (Heat/ Water/charging stations etc. ) stand-alone or part of integrated solutions.
Tools that empower customers to monitor and manage their energy consumption
L+G S650 Smart Grid Terminal
► Development based on established meter platform ► Use of the same parameterisation tools ► Compatible to the communication portfolio ► Offers the standard billing functionalities
► Measure and Control at all accessible nodes in the low voltage network (LV distribution at transformer station, feeding points of DER, etc.)
► Smart Grid Applications (selection) ► Monitoring of voltages and currents ► Monitoring of symmetry and harmonics ► Additional digital inputs ► Extended event and alarm messages via SMS
or via push to the AMR System
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 10
Power Quality Functionalities
► Apart from the "classical" energy registers, several "smart" flow registers are available. This includes amongst others: ► Line voltages and currents (RMS), measured by phase
► Unbalance voltage and current
► Harmonics, by filtering out of the fundamental
► Displacement power factor cosϕ, calculated by phase and average
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 11
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟↓Lx = 𝑃↓50Hz_Lx /𝑈↓50Hz_Lx 𝐼↓50Hz_Lx
𝑈𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒= 𝑀𝑎𝑥(|𝑈↓Lx − 𝑈↓av |)/𝑈↓av ∗100 with 𝑈↓av = 𝑈↓L1 + 𝑈↓L2 + 𝑈↓L3 /3
𝑈𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡= 𝑀𝑎𝑥(|𝐼↓Lx − 𝐼↓av |)/𝐼↓av ∗100 with 𝐼↓av = 𝐼↓L1 + 𝐼↓L2 + 𝐼↓L3 /3
𝑇𝐻𝐷↓U = 𝑈↓harm_L1 + 𝑈↓harm_L2 + 𝑈↓harm_L3 /3 𝑈↓n with 𝑈↓harm_Lx = 𝑈↓Lx − 𝑈↓50Hz_Lx 𝑇𝐻𝐷↓I = 𝐼↓harm_L1 + 𝐼↓harm_L2 + 𝐼↓harm_L3 /3 𝐼↓n with 𝐼↓harm_Lx = 𝐼↓Lx − 𝐼↓50Hz_Lx
𝑈↓Lx 𝐼↓Lx
Selection of the test region
► Functional requirements for the study ► covering a variety of types of transformer stations to gain experience
with installation and data communication à space restrictions at pole-mounted and compact stations à better GPRS antenna for some building-integrated stations
► including regions with large customers (industry) to be able to consider real load profiles of customers for a later analysis
► hosting several decentralised energy resources, ideally with power flow reversal over the transformer
► containing different network categories (rural, urban, suburban) ► Practical requirements for the pilot
► rather accessible location in case more interventions would be necessary
► reasonable number of transformers in the same feeder to limit the number of devices
► preferably stations owned by BKW (instead of local authorities)
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 12
Pilot installation in the area of Stettlen (agglomeration of Bern)
Substation feeder "Stettlen" (red) with 17 transformer stations, partly 2 transformers
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 13
Installation example
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 14
Transformer station S650 Meter Split-core CTs
Results: Voltages line-to-ground
► 15 selected meters from July to September ► Typical observations of a load dominated suburban area ► Voltage band rather narrow (1.5 – 2.5%) with the exception of the station Wiedmatt,
situated at the end of a longer overhead line (3.5%)
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 15
Results: Loading of equipment
► 15 selected meters from July to September ► At the time, the stations were designed for electrical heating leading to rather big capacity
reserves in summer ► Peaks happen often during night caused by ripple controlled warm water boilers
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 16
Results: Voltage Unbalance by weekday
► 15 selected meters from July to September ► Voltage unbalance in average below 0.3%, outliers below 0.6% ► Big spread between the station (median of around 0.05 to around 0.25) ► No obvious difference between workday and weekend, rather smaller towards weekend
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 17
Results: Voltage Harmonics by weekday
► 15 selected meters from July to September, voltages of the harmonics of phase L1 ► THDu in average below 2% (=4.6V), outliers below 3% ► Noticeable differences between the stations, similar behaviour of neighbouring transformers ► General remarkable increase towards Saturday and Sunday
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 18
Usability in Network Planning
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 19
Network Planning Network planning requires an appropriate knowledge of the network.
Knowledge Evaluating data on the networks is one way to improve the knowledge.
Data Measurements may be an adequate way to get more data.
Measurements Problem: No PQ-measurements in MV and LV networks (except substation feeders).
needs
needs
needs
Possible Impact of Measurements with S650 on network planning: § Improved dimensioning of MV/LV-transformers § Improved dimensioning of MV-lines concerning
- Thermal rating - Voltage drop (or rise)
§ Improved evaluation of potential use of OLTC, reactive power control, etc. § But it is difficult to compare the measurements due to missing conformity of
S650 to common standards concerning PQ measurement
Alternative representation: Control room view (near real-time)
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 20
Experiences and Outlook
► Exemplarily for a smart future, this case study underlined the necessity to bring together a variety of players, mainly from: ► Metering and remote data acquisition ► Network planning and engineering
► "There is no such thing as a free lunch" ► Although only required at points of common coupling to customers, a full
EN 50160 power quality report would be useful for comparability, but requires a more complex hardware.
► Basic information from S650 is sufficient to identify hot-spots to be investigated in detail.
► Network planning needs knowledge, which can be improved by measurements ► Improved dimensioning of equipment ► Improved evaluation of potential for smart solutions (e.g. OLTC)
BKW / Oliver Krone / European Utility Week page 21
Understanding of these challenges and compromises allows BKW to offer these experiences with installation and exploitation as services to other utilities.
