Europulse company Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid ...€¦ · Pulsed Repetitive Generators...

ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications

EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]

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Europulse company

Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment

Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research

Conclusion



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Europulse company



Conclusion



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Europulse company

- founded in 1989

- independently owned medium-sized

- located at Cressensac (near Brive)

- 750 m² : offices, laboratory, machine shop,

experimental radiation area

- 1000 m2 available for outdoor experiments.

- seperate inside space for outside contractors

hosted by the company when required.

Main applications

- NEMP, EMC

- Pyrotechnics

- Detonics and ballistics

- Pulsed components test

- Pulsed X-rays and electon beams

- UWB

- Pulsed electric field



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Voltage : few kV up to more one MV

Current : few A up to few hundred kA

Impedance : few mΩ up to few hundred Ω

Rise time : few hundred ps up to few ms

Width : few hundred ps up to few ms

Rep rate : single shoot before up to few kHz

Area Of Our Expertise



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Europulse company



Conclusion



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V E dx

d

0

Applying a pulsed electric field to two electrodes in contact with the liquid

to be treated. The electric field is provided by a HV pulses generator

Liquid to be treated

electrode

HT

d

Relation between Electric Field and Voltage

E = - grad V

Electric Field Uniforme uniforme : V = E.d

Example : d= 2 cm E= 20 kV/cm V= 40 kV Volume of 20 cm3 Electrodes surface= 10 cm2

Resistivity of the medium to be treated ()= 300 .cm

R = 60 I = 660 A Energie by rectangular pulse of 1µs width : 26,4 J

Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !!

Principle of PEF



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Wave form : rectangular - monopolar or bipolar

Voltage : 10 to about 40 kV on 50Ω

Current : about 600 A on 50Ω

Impedance : 30 to about 100Ω

Rise time : < 10/20 ns

Width : adjustable in steps from 50ns to 3μs

1μs to 10μs

10ns to 100ns

Rep rate : single shoot to 800 Hz or more continuously

Main Electrical Characteristics Requested By Our Customers



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Rep rate : Energy supplied by the high voltage supply

Prévious example E= 20 kV/cm R = 60 Ω

Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !! Temperature rising !!!!

Incidence Rep Rate on the cost of the system

Rectangular : Line discharge

voltage charging twice time the amplitude on matched load

Charging voltage > 50 kV

Volume treated more important

Electric design more complex, Cost of power supply

Use voltage doubler circuit or Marx generator

Cost and complexity more important

Rise time < 10/20 ns

Use of special spark gap, non linear commutation circuit

Difficulties Resulting From Characteristics



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Z load : 50Ω

V peak 5 à 20kV

Shape : rectangular

Ton ≤ 10ns

Width 50, 250, 500ns

1, 2, 3µs

Rep Rate : 815 Hz max

Rate flow : 20l/h

Pulsed Electric Field System For Liquid Foods



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Block Diagram Of A Processing Facility By PEF



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Setting : cell parameters (geometrical, electrical)

electrical pulses parameters (E field, width, rep rate)

pulses sequences, electric power, spark gap parameters

Display : coulombs transferred, setting parameters, fault conditions.

Control : compatibility of the parameters selected

Taking into account : electrical safety features.

Outputting : test conditions to a printer.

Process Manager

Functions performed



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Vcell = Vcharging *Rcell/(Rcell+ Zline)

Principle of Discharge Line



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V initial Ton : 1 ns

V resistitive part Ton :12 ns

Zcell=Zline

Influence of a Series Inductance (connection, cell geometry)



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40 kV - 4 kJ/s GA power supply

Charging

voltage

Inhibition

V

time

Gate

HV output

Rep rate

n pulses selected

High Voltage Power Supply



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Vbreakdown : self breakdown voltage of the spark gap

Pabsolue : absolute gas pressure

d : distance between the electrodes

: coefficient related to the geometry of the electrodes

Paschen Law

Repetitive Spark Gap

Vbreakdown = 1/n x f (pabsolute x d)



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Liquid input

Liquid output

HV pulses input

Current monitor output

HV Electrode

Safety switch

Coaxial Treatment Cell



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1

2ln11

2

1

r

r

hZL

L

L

Z

Z

1

2lnr

rr

VEr

Thus for : r = 3 mm Er = 6,5 x V (V/cm)

r = 5 mm Er = 3,9 x V (V/cm)

12 rr

V

d

VE

d : distance between the electrodes

L

Cech

Z

ZrrEV 112arg

Cell Resistance

σ : conductivity of the solution in Siemens/cm

h : thickness of the electrodes in cm

r2 : radius of the outer electrode

r1 : radius of the inner electrode

α : form factor (0.59 for the cell EP 303175)

Temperature

influence

Radial non

uniform E field

RadialUniform

Efield

Charging voltage

versus E field

Coaxial Treatment Cell Formulas



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Balance

Voltage

measurement

Short

circuit relay

Current

measurement

Temperature

sensor

Traitment

cell

Heat exchanger

Event

filter

Security cylinder

pressure

H.V.

Treated liquid

Event

filter

Temperature

sensor

Untreated liquidCoolant

input

Coolant

outputCoolant

output

Coolant

input

Voltage

sensor

Current

sensor

Pump

Hydraulic Line



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Ecell=40 kV/cm

Width=50ns

F=100 Hz

Ecell=40 kV/cm

Width=2µs

F=20 Hz

Some Waveforms



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Europulse company



Conclusion



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Cancer Research

Fast Pulsed Electric Field Generator

Z charge : 50Ω

V crête 7 à 20kV

Shape : rectangular

Ton ≤ 1ns

T50 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ns

Rep rate : 100 Hz max

Regression of cancerous tumors

by means of high voltage pulses

Dr Luis Mir laboratory



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Vc=39.9kv 15.5b 32hz

111 impulsions

Vc=15.4kv 4.50b 32hz

111 impulsions

Fast capacitive monitor (Europulse) measurements

Some Waveforms



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Repetitive Marx Generator

2 stages

repetitive

Marx

generator

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

0,E+00 1,E-06 2,E-06 3,E-06 4,E-06 5,E-06

40 kV

31 Hz

36 kV

202 Hz

23 kV

227 Hz

Voltage : 350 kV

Current : 6 kA

Repetitive rate : 115 Hz

Half-amplitude width : 46 ns

Rise time < 15 ns

Load impedance : 60

20 kV 400 Hz 1 Stage

Repetitive Marx Generators



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UWB 10kV – ton 80ps - FID Generator

UWB Antennas (IRCOM)



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Europulse provides adapted pulsed repetitive generators for specific applications

Liquid treatment

20 kV – 815 Hz

Cancer research

20 kV – 100 Hz

See presentation of Dr. Mir tomorrow

Conclusion



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ReferencesAcknowledgments

The author thanks M. Romain Jeantet and his team from INRA, Rennes, France.

References

J. Korolczuk, J. Rippoll Mc Keag, J. Carballeira Fernandez, F. Baron, N. Grosset, R. Jeantet

“Effect of pulsed electric field processing parameters on Salmonella Enteritidis inactivation”,

Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 75, pp. 11-20, 2006.

Jeantet R., Carballeira J.A., Roignant M., Cochet M.F., Baron F., Korolczuk J. Brion J.C.

“Performances d’un nouvel appareil de décontamination microbienne de produits liquides en

continu par champs électriques pulsés“ Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles, Avril 2003

Brion J-C

“Pilot Scale Continuous Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Liquid Poducts“

5th Euro-Asian Pulsed Power Conference, Kumamoto (Japan), 2014

L. Véron, J.C. Brion

“Experimental study of a repetitive compact Marx generator”

European Pulse Power Symposium, ISL (France), 2002



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Surface Breakdown 100 kA



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Electrons Impacts on Tungsten



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Electrons Impacts On Aluminium Plate



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Electrons Impacts On Copper Rod Φ 8mm

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Europulse company Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid ...€¦ · Pulsed Repetitive Generators...

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