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Best practices for Oracle 11g on ProLiant with EVA8100using multiple databases
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Solution configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
EVA configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Testing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
OLTP results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DSS results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Storage administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Server administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Database administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 We value your feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix A Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
HP solutions sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 HP technical references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 HP product sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Oracle
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Quest software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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OverviewIn2007, Oracle formallyannouncedOracle11g—thenewestversionof itsenterpriseRDBMSflagshipproduct. SteadyadoptionofOracle11g isexpectedoverthenext6to12months—based
onhistoricalpatterns, IDCresearch,andcustomerdatagatheredbyHPCustomerFocusedTesting(CFT)Oracle technical forums.The HP CFT Team previously delivered a well-received project that focused on what was then a newfeatureofOracle10gknownas AutomaticStorageManagement(ASM).Formoreinformation,seehttp://h71028.www7.hp.com/ERC/downloads/4AA1-4941ENW.pdf?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN.
The purpose of ASM is to do the following: • ProvideacomprehensivevolumemanagementenvironmentdeliveredentirelyfromwithinOracle
• Provide a unified lookand feelacrossalloperatingsystems.• Eliminate theneed foroperatingsystem-specific volume managers. Oneofthekeyfeaturesof ASMisitsabilitytostripedataacrossLUNs,whichissimilartofunctionalit
thatis
core
to
the
HP
StorageWorks
Enterprise
Virtual
Array
(EVA).
Since
Oracle
ASM
presumes
thathestorage is JBODrather thanahigh-functionarray,compelling technicalquestionsariseabout
using ASMwiththeEVA.Thesequestionsweresatisfactorilyaddressedinthepreviousproject.Thisproject isarefreshof that initialprojectdue tooverwhelminglypositivereactions to thefirstEVA/ASMproject,theevolutionsinOracleandHP technology,andvaluablecustomersuggestions.Baseduponpreviouslessonslearned,feedbackobtained,andtoextendthefindings,twodatabase
are deployed (instead of one), and key findings derived from the previous project are used asthe baseline in thisproject.Thisproject focuseson the following:• A typicalmidsizeOracle11gdatabasedeploymentfor2,000usersand3TBofdatausingHP
ProLiantserversandanHPEVA8100• Serversdeployed inarealapplicationclusters (RAC)environment running64-bitLinuxand
Oracle’s ASM• Dataspreadacross twodatabasesTheexpected resultsare to identify the following:• Bestpractices fordeploying twoOracle11gdatabases,withemphasisonhow toconfigure
the EVA storage• BestpracticesandrecommendationsfortheconfigurationofHPProLiantservers,64-bitLinux,and
the Oracle11gdatabase• Bestpracticesthatacceleratetimetodeploymentandoptimizeperformance,whilereducingrisks
andminimizing total costs
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SolutionconfigurationThisprojectisdesignedtohelpcustomersdeterminewhichEVAconfigurationsarethemostbeneficia
in theirenvironmentwhen runningmultipledatabasessharingstorageonan EVA8100. Ourconfigurationconsistsoftwo2-nodeOracle11gRACdatabasesconnected toanEVA8100withdual-fabrics (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. High-level configuration
Each two-nodeOracle11gRACdatabasewith ASMrunsonanHPProLiantDL585G1server.Each server is configuredwith the following:• Four single-core 2.6 GHz AMD Opteron 800 series CPUs with 32 GB of RAM • TwoQLogic4–Gbdual-channelhostbusadapters (HBA)• RedHatEnterpriseLinux4,update4• MultipathingprovidedbyembeddedHPHBAdriversforLinux;specifically,option3(dynamic):
least service time• LatestProLiant supportpackForspecificversionsandpartnumbers,see Appendix ABillofmaterials.Eachdatabase testedis1.5TBanduses8KBblocksize. Usingabenchmarkingtool,wesimulate2,000concurrentusers(1,000fromeachdatabase)indedicatedmodewitharchivingfortheonline
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transactionprocessing (OLTP)benchmark. In thedatawarehouse/decisionsupportsystem (DSS)benchmark,weruneightconcurrentuserswithuser-defined,query-intensivestatements.EVAconfigurationThreeEVAconfigurationsare tested. Configuration1,shown inFigure2, isavariationofthebestpracticeof thisproject’spredecessor. InConfiguration1,eachdatabase’smain/onlinefilesareplacedinthefirstdiskgroup,whichusesmorephysicaldrivesforimprovedperformancetotheonlinfiles. EachLUN is Vraid1. Backupfilesarelocatedintheseconddiskgroupon Vraid5LUNs. Theseconddiskgroup isaccessedfarlessfrequentlyand,therefore,hasfewerspindles.
Figure 2. Configuration 1
SomecustomersmightpreferConfiguration1,because itseparates thedifferentworkload types. Forexample, theOLTPworkloadofsmallrandomread/writeaccessoccurs in thefirstdiskgroup, whilethelargesequentialwriteworkload(archivelogs)occursinthesecond(backup)diskgroup. Abenefit of Configuration1 is thatcustomersmightsavemoneyon theseconddiskgroupbyusing lowerperformancedrives,since theseconddiskgroup isinfrequentlyaccessed if theredo logsare sized inaccordancewithOraclebestpractices. ote
Ifyouconfigure theFlashback Area,Oracleplacesanimplicitmirrorcopyof theonlineredo logsinto theFlashback Area.Thiscanaffectperformance,especiallyinConfiguration1. Thesimplestsolutionis toremove themirroredonlineredo logsfrom theFlashback Area.
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InConfiguration2,shown inFigure3,we implementedapopularcross-configuration. Eachdiskgroupcontainsonedatabase’sonlinefilesand thebackupfilesoftheotherdatabase. Forexample,
thefirstdiskgroupcontains theonlinefilesofDatabase#1and thebackupfilesforDatabase#2.TheseconddiskgroupcontainstheonlinefilesofDatabase#2andthebackupfilesforDatabase#1. Eachdiskgroupisdivided intoanearequalnumberofdrives. SinceanEVAbestpractice istouse drives in quantitiesofeight inadiskgroup,weplaced88drivesononediskgroupand80drivesontheotherdiskgroup. Thisallowsus touseall168drivesinourarray. Wedidnotput84drivesonbothdiskgroups,as84 isnotamultipleofeight. Asbefore,eachLUNforonlinedatais Vraid 1 and each LUN forbackupfiles is Vraid5.
Figure 3. Configuration2
Configuration2hasmixedworkloads ineachdiskgroupandmixed Vraid levels. Alldrives inConfiguration2mustbehigh-performancedrives(preferably15kspindles),sinceneitherdiskgroup
isdedicated tobackupfiles. Fromacostperspective,Configuration2canbemoreexpensive.Customersneed todetermine theprosandconsofthissolutionfor theirenvironment.Configuration3,shown inFigure4, issimilar inconcept toConfiguration1in thatthebackupfilesarestoredonaseparatediskgroupthantheonlinefiles. Bothdatabasesshareabackupdiskgroup
of24drives,andeachdatabasehasan isolateddiskgroupof72drives tostore theironlinefiles. Again,eachLUNforonlinedatais Vraid1,andeachLUNforbackupfiles is Vraid5.
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Figure 4. Configuration3
Configuration3 istestedtoseeifthedatabaseperformanceimproveswheneachdatabase’sonline
filesare isolated fromoneother. Wequestionwhetherornot twodiskgroupsof72driveswillprovide
suf
ficient
performance
to
each
database,
or
if
a
large
disk
group
of
136
drives
(Con
figuratio1) isamoresuitablesolutionwhenbothdatabasesshare thestorageresources.
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TestingThisproject isafollow-up to theoriginalproject: Oracle10gBestPracticesonEVA8000. In theoriginalproject,HPlookedatvariousconfigurationsoftheEVA8000andcorrespondingmappingsothe ASMdiskgroupstotheEVAstorage. Thiswasdoneforasingledatabase. Inthisproject,weloo
atthearrayconfigurationformultipledatabases. Weaddressthefollowingquestionsinthisproject
• What is thebestway toconfigureEVA8100withmultipleOracledatabasesrunninganOLTPbenchmark?
• What is thebestway toconfigureEVA8100withmultipleOracledatabasesrunningaDSSbenchmark?
• What is thebestway toconfigureEVA8100withmultipleOracledatabasesrunningamixedworkloadbenchmark?
We test theconfigurationswithOLTPandDSS inseparatecycles,which leads to theresults in thispaper. Customersrunningmixedworkloadscandrawconclusionsderivedfromour independentworkload testing. Whendefiningstoragebestpractices, it is important tohaveenoughworkloadon thestoragearray. Thiscansometimesbecounterintuitive,sincepropersizingof thedatabasesystemglobalarea (SGA)can result inadecrease instorage throughputasmoreworkoccurs in theserver’smemory. Asacompromisebetweentestingrealisticcustomerenvironmentsandworkloadsthathave
defining storage best practices, we deliberately choose to minimize the SGA to increase the storage
workload. However,customersmustunderstand therelationshipbetweenSGAsizingandstorageusage. CustomerswhowanttofreeEVAresourcesforotherapplicationsshouldlookcloselyatSGA
sizingbasedon theirserver’smemorycapacitiesandrecommendationsfromOracle’s AutomaticDatabaseDiagnosticMonitor. Table1showstheeffectofSGAtuningondatabaseperformanceand
storageusage. (Thisdatacomesfromourpreliminary testingduringdatabase tuning; therefore,thesevaluesmaydifferfrom thefinalresultsshown in thispaper.)Table 1. SGA sizing
Memorysize (MB) Transactionspersecond Arrayhostrequestspersecond4,500 9,751 18,8505,000 10,498 16,3895,500 11,255 14,6766,000 12,030 11,8586,500 13,220 7,382
est practice By increasing theSGA from4,500MB to6,500MB,databaseTPS increasedby36%while thehost requestson theEVAdecreasedby 61%.
TherecomesapointwhenoversizingtheSGAprovidesnofurtherbenefits. Althoughalloftheresult
arenotshownhere,wealsosaw this inourpreliminary testing. Forexample,withanSGAof10,000MB,weseeonlyaslightimprovementinTPS(13,547)whilearrayhostrequestsincreasedto7,827. Customersshould tryvariousSGA tuningtactics in theirtestenvironmentstofind theoptimalsettingbetweenperformanceandstorageusage.
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OLTP resultsOTLP isabenchmarkrunningsmallrandomread/writeoperations, traditionally ina60/40orsimilarread/writeratio. Our testingused2,000concurrently-connectedusers indedicatedmodeusinganextremelylowthinktimeof150mstoexecuteaheavyloadonthedatabaseandunderlying
storagearray. Atfirstglance,ourOLTPresultsarenotasexcitingaswewouldprefer(seeFigure5).
Confi
guration1
is
the
top
performer
with
10,998
transactions
per
second.
Con
figuration
2
and
Configuration3are2% to4%slower,which is typicallynotsignificant.
Figure 5. OLTP results
est practice HPimprovedthedatabaseperformanceoftheOLTPworkloadby2% to4%,basedon thestoragearrayconfiguration.
Thedatabaseserver ismonitoredwithHPOpenViewPerformanceManager (OVPM).TheOLTPbenchmark is a server-intensive benchmark, and the server isusually theprimary source ofbottlenecksforthisworkloadandshouldbemonitoredclosely. Figure6showsaglobalviewofone
RACnodefromoneofthedatabases. Allnodesaremonitoredwithsimilarresults. Figure6showstheCPUusage isquitehighat85%. Inaddition, therunqueue length isveryhighatabove40.ThisrepresentsanaveragequeueoftenI/OswaitingtobeprocessedbyeachCPU.Preferably, this
valueis twoorlessforeachCPU.TheseresultsareindicativeofaCPUbottleneckforthisworkload.
Memoryusage isacceptableat22%,andnoswapping isoccurring.
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Figure 6. OVPM customgraph forOLTP testing
Whiletheserverprovestobeabottleneckontheworkload,thearrayisstillunderheavyload,give
thenumberof IOPSpossible—basedonspindlecount,spindle rate,RAID type,andworkloadcharacteristicsonagivendiskgroup. Our95th percentilemetricapproaches17,000 IOPS (seeFigure7). Thisgraphrepresents theworkload forConfiguration1with136spindles in thefirst(main)diskgroup. Yetourreadandwrite latencies(notshown)arestillatamanageable2ms to10ms. Thesevaluesaregenerallyacceptable. Typically,storage isnotconsideredproblematicuntil latenciesreach20msorhigher.
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Figure 7. EVAPerf totalhost requests persecond
DSS results A DSS workloadrepresentsatypicallargesequentialreadoperationandusuallytakesafairlylong
timetoexecute. Traditionally,thesequeriesarerunbyahandfulofusers(wetestedeight)comparedto2,000usersinanOLTPworkload. OnevariationoftheDSSworkload isa timedtest,whereweexecuteastaticsetofqueriesandlookforthetestrunthatfinishesthefastest. Inourtesting,showniFigure8, we see Configuration2finishes in56.67minutes. Configuration1andConfiguration3complete in60minutesor longer,representingabenchmark6% to9%slower.
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Figure 8. DSS results
est practice HPimprovedthedatabaseperformanceoftheDSSworkloadby6% to9%,basedon thestoragearrayconfiguration.
ADSSbenchmark tends tobeastorage-intensiveoperation,whichmakesforgreaterdistinctionsbetweenstoragebestpractices. From theserver’sperspective,shown inFigure9, we see the CPU usageon thedatabaseserverisunder20%,and therunqueuelength isbarelyabove0forallfour
CPUs. Memoryusage isflatat10%withnoswapping. Theserver isnotunderaheavy loadwiththisworkloadand isnotabottleneck forperformance.
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Figure 9. OVPM customgraph forDSS testing
The throughputonthearray,however,isunderasignificantload—approaching1GB/s. Figure10
displays theMB/son theEVA8100ascapturedbyEVAPerf,which is theEVAperformance tool.Figure10showsConfiguration2results. Duringthefirst30minutesofthe test,whichrepresents the
heaviestworkload, theaveragereadmissedlatencyhoversaround15ms/s.
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Figure10. EVAPerfmegabytes persecond
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BestpracticesStorageconfigurationaffectstheperformanceofthedatabaseandshouldbemanagedaccordingly
Inthisproject,weshowthreecommonconfigurationsforcustomersrunningmultipleOracledatabase
onEVA8100. OurtestingprovidesthefollowinganswerstothequestionspresentedinTesting:• Whatisthebest waytoconfigureEVA8100 withmultipleOracledatabasesrunninganOLTP
benchmark?Configuration1providesthebestperformanceforOLTPworkload,althoughthedifferencesareslight. Anadvantage toConfiguration1 is thepotentialcost-benefit by using lower performance
drivesinthesecond(backup)diskgroup. Inaddition, if theworkloadstressesthestoragearrayevenharder,weexpect toseeeven furtherdistinctionsbetween the threeconfigurationswithConfiguration1 remaining thebest.
• What isthebest waytoconfigureEVA8100 withmultipleOracledatabasesrunningaDSSbenchmark?Configuration2showsbetterperformance throughputforDSSworkloads. Configuration2hasthedisadvantageofbeingthemoreexpensivesolution,since all drives in both disk groups must
behigh-performing. Furthermore, if thecustomerdecides tousedisk-basedbackups,suchassnapclones,thebackupprocessmay impacttheworkloadofoneof thedatabases—dependingontheamountofdatabeingbackedup—sincethereisnodesignatedbackupdiskgroup.
• Whatisthebest waytoconfigureEVA8100 withmultipleOracledatabasesrunningamixed workloadbenchmark?Inamixedworkloadenvironment,eitherConfiguration1orConfiguration2 isanacceptablesolution. CustomersmaybetemptedtouseConfiguration2,sincetheDSSperformanceisgreate
(6%) than theOLTPperformanceofConfiguration1(2%). Thisdecisiondependson themixedworkloadofthecustomer’senvironment. WepreferConfiguration1,since itoffersthecustomermorechoices inconfiguring thesecond (backup)diskgroup.
StorageadministratorsBestpracticesforstorageadministratorswhenconfiguringtheirenvironment:• Create twoEVAdiskgroupswithmultipleLUNsfor thedatabase.
HPrecommendsConfiguration1formostworkloads.• Use Vraid1fortheonlinedata(datafiles,onlineredologs)and Vraid5forthebackupdata.
However, this is not a requirement and available storage space may dictate Vraid level. • BalancethedatabasesacrossEVAcontrollerssothatDatabase1isonController AandDatabase
2 is on Controller B, assuming the workload on the databases is somewhat even. Alternatively,theLUNsofeachdatabasecanbeconfiguredto interchangeuseofeachcontrolle
(A, B, A, B). ServeradministratorsServeradministratorsshould lookatmultipathingandhostaccess:• UsemultipleHBAsforpathavailabilityandoptimalperformance.
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Ina4Gbenvironment,HPrecommendsaminimumoftwoportsforOLTPandfourportsforDSS
Mixedworkloadsshoulderron the largerportcount.• Usemultipathingsoftwaretobalancetheworkloadacrosspaths,suchasMicrosoftMultipathI/O
(MPIO),SecurePath,ordevicemapper forLinux.Typically,leastservice timeorsomesimilarmultipathingalgorithmprovidesoptimalperformance
overbasicsequentialdistribution.DatabaseadministratorsBestpracticesfordatabaseadministrators includeproper ASMconfiguration:• Createat least two ASMdiskgroupsusingexternalredundancy.
EVARAID1 redundancy,with itsvirtualizationstriping,supportsOracle’sbestpracticeofStripeand MirrorEverything.
• PresentmultipleLUNs,asneeded, toeachof the ASMdiskgroups.HavingaminimumoffourLUNsforeach ASMdiskgrouptostripeacrossisan ASMbestpractice
• Placeonline redo logsanddatabasefiles in thefirst ASMdiskgroup, andplacebackupfiles/archive logs in thesecond ASMdiskgroup.
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ConclusionTherehasbeensignificant interest inapplying the lessons learnedand feedbackobtained frompreviousprojectsusingasingledatabase to thecurrentprojectthatusesmultipledatabases. Withthisproject,wedevelop thebestpracticesformultipledatabasesonanOracle11gusingProLiantservers inaRACenvironment thatuseanEVA8100storagearray.Key areasweaddressare:• Adescriptionofhow toeffectively configure, deploy, and operate a midsized Oracle 11g
environmentusingHPProLiantserverswithanEVA8100storagearrayfor2,000userswith3TB
ofstoreddataspreadacross twodatabases.• A descriptionof the recommendedservers, theirconfiguration, tuningguidelines,and the
techniquesfordeploymentof thesoftwarecomponents thatrunoneachserver.• Adescriptionof therequiredEVAconfiguration,andbestpracticesdescribinghow todetermine
theoptimalnumber, size,and layoutof theEVAdiskgroupsand the ASMdiskgroups formultiple databases.
Key takeaways include:• ByincreasingtheSGAfrom4,500MB to6,500MB,databaseTPSincreasedby36%whilethe
hostrequestson theEVAdecreasedby61%.Customersshould tryvariousSGA tuning tactics in their testenvironment tofind theoptimalsettingbetweenperformanceandstorageusage.
• If configuring theFlashback Area,Oracleplacesan implicitmirrorcopyof theonline redologs into theFlashback Area.Thiscanaffectperformance,especially if thebackupdiskgroup isconfiguredwithfewerdrivesorslowerdrivespindles. Thesimplestsolution is toremove themirroredonlineredo logsfromthe Flashback Area.
• During testing,multipleconfigurationsareused.Differentconfigurationsyieldvaryingperformance improvements,dependingon the typeofworkloadbeginperformed. It is important todetermine theproperconfiguration touse,giventheworkloadof todayandwhere theexpectedworkloadgrowth is tocome from,especiallyinmixedworkloadenvironments.– HP improved thedatabaseperformanceof theOLTPworkloadby2% to4%,basedon the
storagearrayconfiguration.– HP improved thedatabaseperformanceof theDSSworkloadby6% to9%,basedon the
storagearrayconfiguration. Wevalueyour feedbackInordertodeveloptechnicalmaterialsthataddressyourinformationneeds,weneedyourfeedback
We appreciateyour timeandvalueyouropinion. The following link takesyou toashortsurveyregarding the quality of this paper:http://hpwebgen.com/Questions.aspx?id=12046&pass=41514
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Appendix ABillofmaterials Qty Part number DescriptionOracleRACdatabaseservers4 390524-405 HPProLiantDL585G18 AE369A HPStorageWorksFC1243DualChannel4GbPCI-X2.0HBAHPOpenViewPerformanceManager server 1 336549-002 HPProLiantDL320G2HPRapidDeploymentPackserver 1 336549-002 HPProLiantDL320G2HPCommand ViewEVAManagementserver 1 336549-002 HPProLiantDL360G3BenchmarkFactoryservers2 391112-001 HPProLiantDL385G1HPstoragearray1 AG702A HPStorageWorksEnterprise Virtual Array8100 (2C12D)168 364621-B22 HPStorageWorks146GB15KFCHDD(BF14658244)Infrastructure2 A7394A HPStorageWorks4/32 SAN Switch1 J4879A HPProcurveSwitch2724(RACAprivate inter-node)1 J4903A HPProcurveSwitch2824 (RACBprivate inter-node)
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Formore informationHPsolutionssites• HP Customer Focused Testing
http://www.hp.com/go/hpcft• HP & Oracle alliance
http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/4281-0-0-0-121.html• Network Storage Services
http://h20219.www2.hp.com/services/cache/10825-0-0-225-121.aspxHP technicalreferences• BestPractices forOracle 10gwith AutomaticStorageManagementandHPStorageWorks
Enterprise Virtual Arraywhite paperhttp://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/429462-0-0-225-121.html
• HPStorageWorksEnterprise Virtual ArrayConfigurationBestPracticeswhitepaper
ftp://ftp.compaq.com/pub/products/storageworks/whitepapers/5982-9140EN.pdfHP productsites• HPStorageWorksEnterprise Virtual Arrays
http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/storageworks/eva/index.html• HP ProLiant DL Servers
http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/pscmisc/vac/us/en/ss/proliant/proliant-dl.html• B-Series SAN Switches
http://h18006.www1.hp.com/storage/networking/b_switches/san/index.html• Multi-Path Options for HP Arrays
http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/sanworks/multipathoptions/index.html• FibreChannelHost Bus Adapters
http://h18006.www1.hp.com/storage/saninfrastructure/hba.html• HPOpenViewPerformanceManager& Agent
http://h20229.www2.hp.com/products/ovperf/index.htmlOracle• OracleDatabase InstallationGuide11gRelease1 (11.1) forLinux
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32002.pdf• OracleReal ApplicationClusters InstallationGuide11gRelease1(11.1)forLinuxandUNIX
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b28264.pdf
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• OracleClusterware InstallationGuide11gRelease1(11.1)forLinuxhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b28263.pdf
Questsoftware• BenchmarkFactoryforDatabases(DatabasePerformanceandScalabilityTesting)
http://www.quest.com/benchmark_factory/
©2008Hewlett-Packard DevelopmentCompany,L.P.The informationcontainedherein issubject tochangewithoutnotice. Theonlywarranties forHPproductsandservicesareset forth in theexpresswarrantystatementsaccompanyingsuchproducts andservices. Nothing herein shouldbeconstruedasconstitutinganadditionalwarranty. HPshallnotbe liable for technical oreditorialerrorsoromissions contained herein.Linux isaU.S.registered trademarkofLinusTorvalds.Oracleisaregistered trademarkofOracleCorporationand/oritsaffiliates.Microsoftand WindowsareU.S.registeredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.4AA1-6194ENW, June2008