EVAL 7 - Features · EVAL 7 - Features Residual Stress Analysis Software EVAL 7: Description The...

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EVAL 7 - Features

Residual stress analysis software


EVAL 7 - Features Residual Stress Analysis Software

EVAL 7: Description

The EVAL 7 software, developed by SINT Technology, is a complete and customizable software for data analysing

of the hole-drilling residual stress measurements.

Of course, the EVAL 7 software is fully compliant to the international standard ASTM E837-13afor residual stress

measurements by the hole-drilling strain-gage method. Moreover it offers several features for pre-processing the

data, for the calculation of the residual stresses and finally for the post-processing and exporting of the results.

The EVAL software can be provided in 5 different versions (BASIC, PROFESSIONAL, PREMIUM, ENTERPRISE and

ULTIMATE) depending on the features needed for specific applications.

EVAL 7: Calculation Options

In the EVAL software, some calculation method can be improved with powerful additional features. Indeed, some

of the standard calculation methods are based on the algorithms and the calculation coefficients reported in the

standard or in their reference scientific papers.

The EXTENDED option of the calculation methods (available for ASTM E837 and Differential methods) allows to

analyze the residual stress using the calibration coefficients re-calculated by SINT Technology using the

geometrical parameters of the rosette used in the test. If this option is selected, it’s possible to extent the filed of

applicability of the calculation methods using strain gage rosettes that can differ from the ones reported in the

reference standard / papers.

The ADVANCED option of the calculation methods (available for ASTM E837 and Differential methods) allows to

calculate the residual stress using the calibration coefficients, recalculated in real-time, that take in account not

only the geometrical parameters of the rosette used in the test but also the Poisson ratio of the material, the real

diameter of the drilled hole and some corrections as eccentricity and hole bottom chamfer or intermediate

thickness of the sample. This calculation option uses a Cartesian reference system of the rosette instead the equi-

biaxial and shear components: this generalised approach allows to include a complete correction for the hole

eccentricity error.

The EVAL 7 software includes the following calculation methods:

ASTM E837-13a for uniform stress field

ASTM E837-08 for uniform stress field

ASTM E837-13a for non uniform stress field

Integral Method (based on the papers of G.S. Schajer)

Differential method (based on the paper of Schwarz-Kockelmann)

HDM method based on the Influence Function methods (based on the papers of the University of Pisa)

The calculation methods can support corrections for the main sources of errors including the hole eccentricity,

the intermediate thickness, the bottom hole chamfer and the local plasticity. Finally, the EVAL 7 software

includes, for each calculation method both uniform and non-uniform, the uncertainly evaluation.

EVAL 7: Calculation Methods



EVAL 7: List of the features

Software Features

Basi

c

Pro

fess

ion

al

Pre

miu

m

En

terp

rise

Ult

imate

Automatic input of .txt/.dat file

Edit Input Windows

Strains interpolation

Calculation as per ASTM E837-13 for uniform stress

Calculation as per ASTM E837-13 for non-uniform stress

Calculation by the Integral method

Calculation by the Schwartz-Kockelmann method

Export by .txt format

Strain gage rosette / calculation coefficients database

Extended version of ASTM E837-13 for uniform stress

Extended version of ASTM E837-13 for non-uniform stress

Extended version of Schwartz-Kockelmann method

Viewer (Stress Graph, Direction Graph, Mohr Graph)

Load / Save calculation config

Automatic customizable report of the measurement

HDM calculation algorithms

Eccentricity correction algorithm

Plasticity correction algorithm

Approximate fillet correction algorithm

Measurement uncertainty for uniform stress calculation

Measurement uncertainty for non-uniform stress calculation

Complete database of engineering materials

Advanced version of ASTM E837-13 for uniform stress

Advanced version of ASTM E837-13 for non-uniform stress

Advanced version of Schwartz-Kockelmann method

Complete bottom hole chamfer correction algorithm

Intermediate thickness correction algorithm



EVAL 7: Features of each calculation method

FEATURE ASTM E837 ASTM E837:

Extended

ASTM E837:

Advanced

HDM Method based on

Influence Functions

Tikhonov Regularization YES

YES YES NO

Correction of the influence of the

Poisson ratio

PARTIAL

PARTIAL YES YES

Correction of the diameter of the drilled

hole

PARTIAL

PARTIAL YES YES

Influence of the strain gage rosette

geometry on the calculation coefficients

NO

YES YES YES

Correction of the hole eccentricity NO

YES YES YES

Correction of the bottom hole chamfer

effect

NO

APPROXIMATE YES, TYPICAL END MILL YES, TYPICAL END MILL

Extension to Intermediate thickness NO

NO YES YES

Correction of plasticity effect NO

YES, UNIFORM STRESS YES, UNIFORM STRESS YES, UNIFORM STRESS

Generalized approach for stress

calculation

NO

NO YES YES

Evaluation of the uncertainly related to

the hole drilling measurements

YES

YES YES YES

FEATURE Integral Method Differential Method Differential Method:

Extended

Differential Method:

Advanced

Tikhonov Regularization NO

NO NO NO

Correction of the influence of the

Poisson ratio

PARTIAL

PARTIAL PARTIAL YES

Correction of the diameter of the drilled

hole

PARTIAL

PARTIAL PARTIAL YES

Influence of the strain gage rosette

geometry on the calculation coefficients

NO

NO YES YES

Correction of the hole eccentricity NO

NO NO YES

Correction of the bottom hole chamfer

effect

APPROXIMATE

APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE YES, TYPICAL END MILL

Extension to Intermediate thickness NO

NO NO YES

Correction of plasticity effect NO

NO NO NO

Generalized approach for stress

calculation

NO

NO NO YES

Evaluation of uncertainly related to the

hole drilling measurements

YES

YES YES YES


References - Hole Drilling Method

ASTM E 837-13a, “Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method”.

Valentini, E., Bertelli, L., and Benincasa, A., "Improvements in the Hole-Drilling Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses in Polymeric Materials," Materials Performance and Characterization, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 446-464, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20170123. ISSN 2379-1365.

Schajer, G.S. and Whitehead, P.S. "Hole-Drilling Method for Measuring Residual Stress." Morgan & Claypool, Vermont, USA. 186pp, (2018). https://doi.org/10.2200/S00818ED1V01Y201712SEM001.

Schajer, G.S. and Whitehead, P.S. "Hole-Drilling and Ring Coring." Chapter 2 in "Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods", ed. Schajer, G.S., Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 29-64, (2013).

Ajovalasit A., Scafidi M., Zuccarello B., Beghini M., Bertini L., Santus C. , Valentini E., Benincasa A. and Bertelli L., “The hole–drilling strain gauge method for the measurement of uniform or non–uniform residual stresses”, AIAS Working Group on Residual Stresses, 2010, AIAS–TR01. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00664.x.

References - Calculation Algorithms


Schajer, G. S., “Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses Using the Hole-Drilling Method. Part I - Stress Calculation Procedures”, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 110, 1988, 338-343.

Schajer, G. S., “Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses Using the Hole-Drilling Method. Part II - Practical Application of the Integral Method”, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 110, 1988, 344-349.

Schwarz, T., Kockelmann, H., “The hole-drilling method - the best technique for the experimental determina-tion of residual stresses in many fields of application”, MTB 29, Vol. no. 2, pages 33-38, (1993).

Beghini, M. , Bertini, L. and Mori, L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method with Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part I. Definition and Validation of the Influence Functions”. Strain, 46: 324-336. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00683.x.

Beghini, M. , Bertini, L. and Mori, L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method With Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part II: Application of the Influence Functions to the Inverse Problem”. Strain, 46: 337-346 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00684.x.

References - Hole Diameter Correction




J. M. Alegre, A. Díaz, I. I. Cuesta, J. M. Manso, “Analysis of the Influence of the Thickness and the Hole Radius on the Calibration Coefficients in the Hole-Drilling Method for the Determination of Non-uniform Residual Stresses”, Exp Mech (2019) 59-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-0433-0.

References - Poisson ratio Correction

ASTM E 837-13a, “Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method”



Nau, A, von Mirbach, D, Scholtes, B., “Improved calibration coefficients for the hole-drilling method considering the influence of the Poisson ratio”, Exp Mech 2013; 53: 1371–1381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9740-7 11.



References - Local Plasticity Correction


Beghini M., Bertini L., and Santus C. “A procedure for evaluating high residual stresses using the blind hole drilling method, including the effect of plasticity”. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 45(4), 301–318 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA579.

References - Intermediate Thickness Correction

ASTM E 837-13a, “Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method”

Abraham C. and Schajer G. S., “Hole-drilling residual stress measurement in an intermediate thickness speci-men,” in Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 4, Springer, pp. 389–394, (2013).

Beghini M., Bertini L., Giri A., Santus C. and Valentini E., “Measuring residual stress in finite thickness plates using the hole-drilling method”, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 54(1), 65–75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/0309324718821832.

Beghini M., Bertini L. and Mori L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method with Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part I. Definition and Validation of the Influence Functions”. Strain, 46: 324-336 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00683.x.

Beghini M., Bertini L. and Mori L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method With Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part II: Application of the Influence Functions to the Inverse Problem”. Strain, 46: 337-346 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00684.x.

References - Bottom Hole Chamfer Correction

Scafidi M., Valentini E., Zuccarello B., “Effect of the hole-bottom fillet radius on the residual stress analysis by the hole drilling method”, ICRS-8 The 8th International Conference on Residual Stress – Denver, 263-270 (2008).


Beghini M., Bertini L. and Mori L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method With Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part II: Application of the Influence Functions to the Inverse Problem”. Strain, 46: 337-346 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00684.x.

References - Hole Eccentricity Correction


Beghini M., Bertini, L. and Mori L. F., “Evaluating Non‐Uniform Residual Stress by the Hole‐Drilling Method With Concentric and Eccentric Holes. Part II: Application of the Influence Functions to the Inverse Problem”. Strain, 46: 337-346 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00684.x.

Ajovalasit A., “Measurement of residual stresses by the hole-drilling method: influence of hole eccentricity”. J Strain Anal Eng, 14: 171–178 (1979).

Barsanti M., Beghini M., Bertini L., Monelli B. D., and Santus C. (2016). “First-order correction to counter the effect of eccentricity on the hole-drilling integral method with strain-gage rosettes”. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 51(6), 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309324716649529.

Beghini M., Bertini L., Santus C., Benincasa A., Bertelli L. and Valentini E.. “Validazione sperimentale di una rosetta a 6 griglie per ridurre l’errore di eccentricità nella misura delle tensioni residue”. In: Congresso AIAS XXXIX, Maratea (PZ), (2010). ISBN: 8860930749.

Nau A., Scholtes B., “Experimental and Numerical Strategies to Consider Hole Eccentricity for Residual Stress Measurement with the Hole Drilling Method”. Materials Testing 2012—54, 5, 296-303, (2012). https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110330.



References - Uncertainty Evaluation


JCGM 100 –“Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measure-ment” (ISO/IEC Guide 98-3), 2008.

Oettel R., "The Determination of Uncertainties in Residual Stress Measurement (using the Hole Drilling Tech-nique)." Code of Practice 15, Issue 1, EU Project No. SMT4-CT97-2165, Sept. 2000.

Schajer G.S., Altus EE. “Stress Calculation Error Analysis for Incremental Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Meas-urements”. ASME. J. Eng. Mater. Technol, 118(1):120-126 (1996). doi:10.1115/1.2805924.

Scafidi M., Valentini E. and Zuccarello B., “Error and Uncertainty Analysis of the Residual Stresses Computed by Using the Hole Drilling Method”. Strain, 47: 301-312 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00688.x.

Peral D., de Vicente J., Porro J.A., Ocaña J.L., “Uncertainty analysis for non-uniform residual stresses deter-mined by the hole drilling strain gauge method”. Measurement, Volume 97, Pages 51-63, (2017), ISSN 0263-2241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.11.010.

References - Validation of the Hole Drilling Method

Valentini E., Benincasa A., Santus C., “Bending Test Rig for Validating the Hole Drilling Method of Residual Stress Measurement”, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 768-769, pp. 150-157, (2017). doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.768-769.150.

Beghini M., Santus C., Valentini E. and Benincasa A., “Experimental verification of the hole drilling plasticity effect correction”, Materials Science Forum 681 (2011) 151-158. DOI: 10. 4028/www. scientific. net/MSF. 681. 151. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.151

Valentini E., Beghini M., Bertini L., Santus C. and Benedetti, M., “Procedure to Perform a Validated Incre‐mental Hole Drilling Measurement: Application to Shot Peening Residual Stresses”, Strain, 47: e605-e618, (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00664.x

Valentini E., Santus C., Bandini M., “Residual stress analysis of shot-peened aluminium alloy by fine incre-ment hole-drilling and X-ray diffraction methods”, Procedia Engineering 10 (2011) 3582-3587. doi: 10. 1016/j. proeng. 2011. 04. 589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.589.

Beghini M., Bertini L. and Santus C., “Validazione sperimentale di una rosetta a 6 griglie per ridurre l’errore di eccentricità nella misura delle tensioni residue”, In: Congresso AIAS XXXIX, (2010).



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Tel: +39.055.8826302

Fax: +39.055.8826303

www.sintechnology.com

[email protected]

VAT n. 04185870484

Recognitions

SINT Technology’s test laboratory is accredited to standard ISO/IEC

17025:2005 by the Italian accreditation body ACCREDIA with

certificate no. 0910

Certification of conformity to the requirements of standard

UNI EN ISO 9001

TITLE: EVAL 7 FEATURES REVISION: 02

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