Evaluating the Intel EP80579 Integrated Processorcpop/Documentatie_SMP/Intel_Microprocesso… ·...

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Evaluating the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor Intel® Architecture Versus MIPS Case Study

January 2009

White Paper Trevor Cooper Embedded and Communications Group Intel Corporation Martin Leonard Director of Software Engineering Sutus Inc. Peter Baker CTO Sutus Inc.

Intel® Architecture Versus MIPS Case Study

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Executive Summary

The evolution of multiple-services business gateways (MSBGs) targeted at

the small business with fewer than 20 employees, and the rapidly

expanding managed services market, pose severe challenges to

embedded system architectures. MSBGs provide the entire IT data

infrastructure of small businesses, including secure remote connectivity

and network services such as file sharing, web services, and corporate

email. The more advanced of these appliances also provide converged

PBX telephony services that incorporate both PSTN and ITSP trunking,

corporate voice messaging, and auto-attendant capabilities.

Small businesses wish to minimize their IT costs, while service providers

are eager to reach this large, underserved market. The next generation of

MSBGs must further simplify management of converged data and

communications infrastructures for non-technical users. This will give

small businesses the confidence and agility to effectively manage their IT

infrastructure while being cost-effective, and help service providers reach

more small business customers with existing technical resources.

This white paper examines one award-winning MSBG and its goals to

meet the following demands of a rapidly evolving market:

• Increasing use of wireless connectivity

• Deployment of gigabit Ethernet (GigE) wired LANs

• Comprehensive security

• Higher bandwidth, low latency Internet connectivity

• Resident vertical applications on the same cost-sensitive appliance

Intel® architecture versus MIPS Case Study

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System-on-chip (SoC) devices are the heart of most MSBGs. This

performance case study presents two alternative SoCs with a view to

select the best processor family for next-generation MSBGs. Comparisons

are made within the context of an existing commercial MSBG software

suite.

The two architectures examined are:

• An existing MIPs-based PMC 8510 SoC used in current-generation

products

• The recently launched Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor

This study concludes the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor offers

significantly improved performance and processor headroom over the

incumbent MIPS-based SoC. Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor result

highlights include:

• generally double or more performance gain

• 70% increase in CPU headroom during file transfers

• three times better performance with 50% more CPU headroom

during secure HTTPS page loads using Intel® QuickAssist

Technology

This study also shows the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor reduces

hardware device count and considerably simplifies software development.

The Intel® QuickAssist Technology drivers allowed for easily integrating

crypto accelerators in real-world applications. The additional performance

and headroom gained allows new applications to be rapidly integrated to

meet evolving market needs. Lower device counts and software

development costs promise that MSBG appliances will continue to meet

the aggressive price and performance targets of the growing managed

services market.


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Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................5 Business Challenge .................................................................................................5

Multiple Services Business Gateways........................................................5 MSBG Market .......................................................................................6 MSBG Goals .........................................................................................6

MSBG Solution Architecture......................................................................................8 Typical MSBG Installation .......................................................................8 MSBG Software Application Environment ..................................................9 Current Generation MSBG Hardware ......................................................13 Goals for Next Generation SoC Platforms................................................14

Evaluation Process and Criteria ...............................................................................17 Evaluation Process ..............................................................................17 Criteria for Evaluation..........................................................................18

Qualitative Evaluation............................................................................................20 MSBG Benchmarking and Evaluation........................................................................23

Performance Evaluation Methods...........................................................24 Solution Benchmark Tests ....................................................................24 Solution Benchmark Description ............................................................25 Solution Benchmark Results .................................................................27

Conclusions..........................................................................................................30

Intel® architecture versus MIPS case study

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Introduction This white paper aims to give a real-world comparison of two system-on–a-chip (SoC) solutions for a next generation multiple-services business gateway (MSBG) product.

The two architectures examined are:

• An existing MIPs-based SoC (PMC 8510) used in current-generation products

• The recently launched Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor

The paper first sets the context of the product being used in this evaluation under Business Challenges. Then MSBG Solution Architecture examines the software and hardware environments of MSBGs. The two SoC options for MSBG implementation are then described, followed by the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Finally, highlights of the evaluation are summarized and conclusions presented.

Business Challenge

Multiple Services Business Gateways

Small businesses desire the sophisticated services employed by larger enterprises as they begin to use technology to serve larger markets, and as national and global competitors reach into their streetscapes using every technological advantage. Small businesses have typically used off-the-shelf residential router products to share Internet access internally and to provide basic LAN and wireless connectivity to their employees. However, these router products often cannot meet small business network infrastructure challenges and require expensive custom configuration and integration with other products. As a result, many small businesses are now turning to a new class of appliance designed specifically for their needs and are within their modest budgets.

Multiple Services Business Gateways (MSBGs) evolved out of a need to provide solutions to small businesses that want competitive enterprise quality IT and communications services on a single cost-effective appliance. MSBGs offer rich functionality, easy management, and access to a wide range of Internet services. The advantages provided can benefit both small businesses and the service providers by ensuring small businesses have access to connectivity, remote IT services, Internet telephony services, and other innovative hosted and remote services.


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MSBG Market

The Sutus* MSBG and competitive MSBG products target the challenges of the substantial and still largely underserved small business market. According to US and Canadian census data available in 2007:

• 80% of all business establishments have fewer than 20 employees

• In the US and Canada alone, there are 5.5 million businesses and 20 million employees within the small business category

Worldwide, there are estimated to be at least 15 million small businesses.

Small businesses with broadband access (a key market enabler for these products) pinpoints the market with fewer than 20 employees to be at least 7.3 million businesses worldwide with a substantial component of new entrants every year, estimated using IDC, Industry Canada, and US and Canadian census data in 2005.

Approximately half a million new small businesses with broadband access were created each year in North America alone within a total of 2.1 million small businesses. Broadband penetration continues to increase every year in the small business market. According to 2008 estimates from InStat:

• The MSBG market was $615 million in 2007

• The MSBG global market was projected have a compound annual growth rate of up to 33% over the next five years

Forward projections of this market estimate the US MSBG market at over US$1.7 billion and globally at US$2.7 billion annually by 2012.

MSBG Goals

Small businesses see the MSBG as an appliance, not a server. It must be simple to install and work in many different environments “out-of-the-box”. If the MSBG is also running the small business phone system, it is important the MSBG continues to operate for periods of time through a small UPS, so the phone service can still operate during power outages. This means the MSBG must be low power, otherwise the UPS increases system cost dramatically.

The MSBG market continues to evolve with the technology that serves it. For example, LAN connectivity is changing rapidly to embrace secure wireless solutions, and last-mile bandwidth continues to grow. Regardless of technology, affordable, increased Internet connectivity bandwidth makes the


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addition of managed services to small businesses practical. An example is an affordable remote backup and disaster recovery services.

The MSBG appliance and evolving functional landscape requirements mean MSBG manufacturers must continuously search for embedded architectures that can best meet their product roadmap requirements. The goal of MSBG manufacturers is to provide small businesses with increased functionality and performance within an affordable and cost-effective appliance. Modern embedded SoCs provide an ideal solution. They allow for high performance, at low power consumption, have many integrated interfaces, thus allowing simple low cost hardware designs.

Sutus Business Central™ 200

One example MSBG is Sutus Business Central™ 200, offered by Sutus Inc. (http://www.sutus.com/). Sutus Business Central 200 is an MSBG solution that integrates the following voice, data, and networking features within a single, affordable business-quality appliance:

• Converged IT and communications infrastructure

• Advanced, non-technical secure web management application

• Standard network file sharing

• Collaboration services

• Communication tools

• Email services

• Ability to securely support travelers and remote or home offices with all the services and connectivity of the main office

• Support for both traditional PSTN voice and fax services

• Pre-integrated trunking to a number of Internet telephony service providers (ITSPs)

Further information on Sutus Business Central 200 and related products can be found at http://www.sutus.com/solutions/.


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Figure 1. Sutus Business Central* 200 - A Multiple Services Business Gateway

MSBG Solution Architecture

Typical MSBG Installation

Figure 2 provides an overview of the connectivity that Sutus Business Central* provides.


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Figure 2. A typical small business converged communications and data network based on the Sutus Business Central* 200 Multiple Services Business Gateway

MSBG Software Application Environment

The software application environment of current MSBGs is considerably more complex than many embedded products. For example, MSBGs may run entire network operating systems and support a variety of network services. Sources for this functionality include proprietary network operating systems and services targeted at the embedded market, but an increasingly common source is the open source Linux operating system and related network services. External sourcing provides the MSBG with a wide scope of standard sophisticated and robust functionality that could not easily be achieved by an embedded appliance manufacturer exclusively using internal resources.

There is considerable diversity of embedded functionality in existing MSBGs, from basic Internet sharing, routing, and firewall protection, to providing support for private wired and wireless LANs, to a full spectrum of network, voice, and data services often offered by specialized servers connected to an enterprise corporate LAN.

MSBG hardware requires the considerable processing horsepower of system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices to provide affordable platforms. Current SoCs feature


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32- or 64-bit CPUs with additional FPU and other accelerators, high bandwidth internal and memory buses. Depending on the SoC design, they may also integrate a variety of supporting device controllers such as Ethernet network interfaces, SATA disk controllers, and USB bus controllers to reduce the number of supporting devices required in an MSBG appliance.

Benefits of Open Source Software

To meet the wide scope of services Sutus Business Central* offers, a decision was made to rely on the open source Linux operating system and the open source network services packages that were designed for it. Many enterprise Linux distributions rely on this software stack, and it is well supported and maintained by large and active developer communities. According to a special report in Business Week (December 1, 2008), a Gartner survey in September 2008 showed 52% of companies using open source server software with another 23% planning to use it within the next 6 months. Source: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2008/tc20081130_069698.htm

This open source server software is sophisticated, robust, and can easily support a diversity of devices with the rich functionality expected of enterprise systems, and the ability to customize services for the small business market. In addition, Linux has proven to be adaptable to the embedded device market with device manufacturers either customizing their own Linux distribution or relying on commercially provided embedded distributions. A number of chip manufacturers support Linux distributions for their devices, including specialized kernel modifications and device drivers that work with and are optimized for their hardware.

For more sophisticated MSBGs, the open source software stack extends beyond the base functionality of the network operating system and may include the following network services packages:

• SAMBA file sharing

• Apache web

• Asterisk telephony

• Postfix/Cyrus SMTP/IMAP email services

These network services packages have proven themselves extensively in enterprise environments. With the increasing power of system-on-a-chip (SoC) technologies, the more sophisticated of these devices, such as Sutus Business Central* 200, can provide affordable, complete communications and data-networking solutions to small businesses.


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Management Challenges of Complex Software

This software sophistication requires the people implementing it to select the correct options and configure the packages to ensure features work as intended. Small business service needs vary greatly, and MSBGs must be able to implement their desired communications and data policies. For example, when adding or removing services from an Internet telephony service provider (ITSP), there can be extensive interaction between the firewall, routing, and telephony services for new call routing options. Ideally, this configuration is automatic and dynamically responsive. For example, unplugging an IP telephone should not result in lost calls, but the forwarding of those calls to voicemail. If an Internet telephone service is unavailable, calls should route out alternative trunks or provide the user with a busy tone.

The complexity of such an enterprise-class software suite presents a management challenge for typical IT professionals and is well beyond the capabilities of non-technical users. To simplify these management tasks, most MSBGs offer an integrated management system. This management system is often a GUI-based web-management layer that strives to make the configuration options accessible in a more meaningful way than the traditional IT practice of editing each package’s extensive “.conf” files with a text editor. In most cases these web GUIs limit options to those meaningful to the target market of the device, and in the more sophisticated of these MSBGs, a rich Internet application (RIA) is offered that can be accessed either locally or remotely through secure web protocols.

MSBG Software Stack

Figure 3 presents possible layering of the software suite present on more sophisticated MSBGs.

Figure 3. Fully Featured Multiple Services Business Gateway Software Stack

GUI Management Layer

Application Layer Vertical, Web, and other Applications

Network Services Layer Telephony | Web | Email | File Sharing | WAN | LAN | Wireless| VPN

Linux Operating System Processes | IPC | Network Sockets | File System | Software RAID

Linux Kernel and SoC specific drivers


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MSBG Software Development Challenges

MSBGs include the development of an integrated management system and GUI, custom vertical and web applications, and the complexity of managing, porting, integrating, and maintaining a complex network operating system and MSBG services. This is a complex task requiring state-of-the-art development tools. Unlike building for releases on standard servers, software engineers face the following challenges:

1. Multiple Build Targets: Different development and product platforms must be targeted with equivalent drivers, libraries, and other components.

2. Cross or Multiple Native Compilation: Compile for both a standard server hardware and the internal processor architecture of the MSBG SoC. These compilations are more than simple cross or multiple native compilations as subtle differences, such as endian byte ordering and word size differences, need to be handled in a manner that ensures that the software suite is equivalently executable on each target.

3. Rapid Fix Adoption: Ensure rapidly evolving network threats are countered by the latest appropriate bug fixes and solutions from a variety of internal and external sources, while maintaining overall product quality.

4. Rapid Product Updates: Be able to distribute new releases and patches responsively to meet the needs of the market, counter any evolving threats, and address support for new devices or software features.

Open Source Community Support

The open source community is particularly appealing because it aids MSBG developers in meeting these challenges. For example, standard servers can run the same Linux distributions as MSBG devices, simplifying the development and build processes. The open source community typically supports multiple architectures and provides both native and cross compilation tools. However MSBGs based on the Intel® architecture processors found in PCs and standard servers enjoy the benefits of a larger and more responsive community. For example, specific open source package versions may be declared stable up to a year in advance on Intel® architecture compared to other processor architectures. This larger community and its responsiveness may assist in the ability of delivering solutions to specific threats more rapidly and more cost effectively because development resources in MSBG design teams are limited and the software suite they are required to develop and maintain is large.

Where chip manufacturers provide ported distributions of open source network operating systems, services, and drivers for their specific device hardware, the software resources required by the MSBG design team are


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further minimized. Open source software has been proven to deliver robust quality software. In contrast, chip vendors that limit distribution of detailed specifications and other information to their direct customers may be hindering the large and heterogeneous open source communities that support the open source software needed by MSBG manufacturers to use their devices.

Current Generation MSBG Hardware

Surrounding the MIPS-based PMC* 8510 SoC found in the current generation of this particular MSBG are flash boot ROM and system RAM attached to a DDR2 memory bus. An external PCI bus from the SoC interfaces to an onboard dual SATA and USB controllers and provides connectivity to an industry standard 802.11 a/b/g wireless LAN card. The USB controller supports USB hard drives for local backup, UPS power down signaling, audio input for music-on-hold features, and audio output for telephone paging applications. Two SoC Ethernet controllers support a 100 Mbps WAN port, an 8 port LAN expansion switch with PoE and QoS capabilities, and a 1 Gbps LAN expansion port.

Parallel ports provide LED indications and input from the few switches that control the MSBG start, reset, and shutdown functions. The final block is the power supply that must be capable of supplying MSBG power and that is required by devices plugged into the PoE enabled LAN switch.

The MIPS-based E9000 CPU includes both integer and FPU functional blocks. Communication with other devices functional blocks is over an on-chip Fast Device bus that allows for the arbitrated movement of data between the CPU, memory, and the peripherals assisted by a channelized DMA controller.

Further information and product briefs on the PMC MSP8510 SoC family can be found at the following URLs:

• http://www.pmc-sierra.com/products/details/msp8510/

• http://www.pmc-sierra.com/products/details/msp8520/

MSBG Hardware Development Challenges

All of the MSBG functional demands on an embedded platform challenge designers and manufacturers to seek system-on-a-chip (SoC) components that can meet requirements for raw computational power, memory, and storage system bandwidth, and real-time packet handling capabilities. Sutus* has noticed evolving requirements in the MSBG market that are continuing to place demands on the SoC platforms available. The following incremental requirements are important when considering designs for next-generation MSBG platforms:


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1. File System Performance: Increase file system performance and robustness, including support for software RAID options.

2. Multiple VPN Support: Provide more simultaneous VPN connections to support traveling employees with laptops, employees using the latest mobile platforms, and employees who work from home or small remote offices.

3. Additional Secure Email Logins: Support simultaneous secure email and other encrypted sessions as users tend to remain logged in on their office, home PCs, and mobile devices simultaneously.

4. Network Services Performance: Increase network services performance to meet the needs of evolving networks and applications.

5. WAN Bandwidth: Increase routing and bridging performance to match greater last-mile bandwidth and the services being made available over higher bandwidth applications.

6. LAN Bandwidth: Increase LAN bandwidth for video streaming and real time video communications on the desktop

7. Vertical Applications: Increase processor headroom for custom vertical applications and responsiveness of those applications.

The current Sutus* hardware implementation comfortably supports only the first six requirements above. Business Central 200 can run vertical applications, but it quickly exhausts its CPU headroom as the number of users surpasses 15. Therefore, Sutus is investigating next-generation hardware to support up to 25 users with vertical applications.

Goals for Next Generation SoC Platforms

The challenges outlined above resulted in a search for SoC options that might better meet the multidimensional goals for Sutus MSBG products and include:

1. Increased Appliance Performance: Increase performance across all aspects of MSBG functionality to allow for additional services, web, and vertical applications. A next-generation SoC should allow for scalable performance to well above that of the current MSBG platform. This should mean SoC SKUs with at least a 2/1 range in clock speeds, as well as the availability of coprocessing for CPU-intensive tasks, such as encryption. A roadmap of devices that shows considerable headroom within the device family and demonstrated performance improvements through process improvements is also desirable.

2. Reduced Board Complexity: Reduce parts and pin-out counts and simultaneously increase the reliability and speed of the next-generation MSBGs. For example, higher integration can lower parts counts and pin-outs, reduce build costs, and improve build


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reliability. High speed off-chip interconnects are typically costly to implement. Therefore, integrated SATA disk and USB controllers would be beneficial. A third Ethernet controller would allow designs that address the need for dual WAN port applications, such as IP connections for dedicated VoIP trunking or for redundancy of Internet connectivity. A third gigabit Ethernet port could also be used as an additional LAN switch uplink for larger applications.

3. Improved Software Support: Ensure the best chip vendor support for SoC Linux drivers integrated into up-to-date kernels to minimize efforts by the MSBG engineering teams. Support for Linux and open source packages are important to Sutus products and many MSBG manufacturers.

4. Community Openness: Look to improve open source community support by choosing a common well-supported architecture from a vendor whose documentation is to high standards and widely available on the Internet and who actively contributes to critical open source packages important to their SoC customers.

SoC Options for Next-Generation MSBG

There are many options the Sutus* MSBG design team could consider in evolving this hardware design including simpler design options such as choosing an SoC with a faster CPU clock speed, increasing the memory footprint to ensure excessive swapping does not occur, choosing an SoC with additional coprocessing such as a security engine, or moving to an entirely new design based on alternative architecture.

The following presents an outline of the two leading alternatives for a next generation Sutus MSBG:

• Continuing with the existing MIPS SoC using higher clock speed and enhanced processing SKUs.

• Moving to an alternative Intel® architecture-based SoC.

PMC* MSP8510/20 Multi-Services Processors

The MIPs-based PMC* 8510 SoC offers clock speeds of 600 MHz to 1 GHz, and the closely related PMC 8520 provides security engine coprocessing. It should be noted other manufacturers also offer SoCs that could be considered for this application. However for brevity, we limit our discussion in this white paper to PMC options and a single new option.

The advantages of staying with the current SoC family are obvious because hardware redesign of the MSBG platform is minimal. The disadvantages of continuing with this family of SoCs are:

• Sutus* cannot meet its intended goals of reducing parts count and board complexity


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• Software development, build, and test environments do not simplify

• Open source drivers for the 8520 security engine are not available

• MIPS roadmaps indicate moves towards lower power consumption objectives suitable for mobile devices rather than the increased performance required for MSBG appliances

Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor

A SoC recently available to MSBG designers is the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor. Based on Intel® architecture that has served the PC and Server industries well for many years, this integrated processor includes:

• a CPU core based on the Intel® Pentium® M processor

• integrated memory controller hub

• integrated I/O controller hub

• flexible, integrated I/O support with three Ethernet MACs, two Controller Area Network interfaces, and a local expansion bus interface

• built-in SATA 2.0 and USB 2.0 interfaces

The Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor offers a range of core speeds from 600 MHz to 1.2 GHz and an industrial temperature option.

The Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor product line is the first in a series of Intel system on-a-chip (SOC) processors aimed at small form factor designs such as embedded business and enterprise telephony, networking, and security appliances.

In addition to the basic SoC, an enhanced variant of the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor with Intel® QuickAssist Technology is available. This provides high speed serial ports for TDM or analog voice connectivity, security accelerators for bulk encryption, hashing and public/private key generation, and data path acceleration. The integrated accelerators support Intel® QuickAssist Technology through software packages provided by Intel.

This enhanced variant helps the MSBG designer concerned with security and encryption processing overheads to meet the following design goals:

• Meet lower cost targets with a slower CPU clock speed

• Increase CPU headroom to meet real-time communications requirements or for additional MSBG applications or functions

• Increase CPU headroom to meet growing bandwidth or performance requirements

• Scale MSBG appliances towards a larger business target that serves a larger number of users


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Additional information on the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor can be found at the following URLs:

• Documentation: http://www.intel.com/design/intarch/ep80579/?iid=SEARCH

• Intel parts tool: http://ark.intel.com

• Intel Communication Alliance Solutions: http://www.intelcommsalliance.com

Evaluation Process and Criteria This section outlines the design criteria and SoC evaluation process followed by the Sutus* MSBG design team when addressing the hardware platform’s requirements for their next generation products. Largely the design criteria stem from the need for any new MSBG design platform to meet next generation MSBG product goals as flexibly as possible so a family of products with a variety of performance and feature targets may share the same architecture, MSBG software suite distribution, software development, and build and test environments.

The goals for this SoC evaluation process were derived directly from the goals outlined in the previous section “Goals for next generation SoC platforms”.

Evaluation Process

To meet these goals, the Sutus* design team went through a multistep evaluation process:

1. Compare SoC architectures and features based on available documentation.

2. Examine available benchmark data available from the SoC manufacturers and elsewhere on the web.

3. Run a series of real-world benchmarking based on comparable hardware platforms.

These real-world benchmarks consisted of tests that evaluated both performance and available CPU headroom with the Sutus* MSBG software suite.

For the principal candidates, a comparison of key SoC features and resulting hardware design implications that would assist in meeting the next generation design goals was made. This served as a basis for a basic Bill of Materials (BOM) comparison of comparable designs based on the SoCs and allowed the estimation of manufacturing costs based on the BOMs.


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Available benchmark data provided a relative indication of different SoC architectures. Public benchmarks clearly favor the Intel® architecture as highly competitive compared to the RISC cores adopted by many device manufacturers. This improvement can be attributed to a number of reasons, but one reason is that Intel® architecture design implemented RISC instruction subsets of the earlier x86 directly in hardware while relying on microcode to implement more complex instructions for compatibility. With the increase of silicon real estate available because of process improvements, any silicon overhead of the microcode engine that delivers the compatibility with the x86 architecture is no longer an issue. Architectural and process improvements that assist fulfilling Moore’s law are falling to processors with the largest manufacturing base.

For initial qualitative performance evaluation to confirm our choices of SoC design options, we relied on the following information sources:

• published data from the SoC manufacturers, where available

• published public CPU benchmark data

• internal CPU and low level performance benchmarks run on SoC-based platforms, including an Intel® EP80587 Integrated Processor Customer Reference Board (CRB)

• a prototype MSBG equipped with a higher clock speed PMC* MSP8510 (900 MHz)

For the sake of brevity, evaluation of only one MIPS SoC is provided here, but we believe the performance of this SoC is indicative of SoC devices based on similar MIPS CPU cores and at the same clock speed. Any other differences being principally in the design advantages of the various integrated device controllers that are specific to each SoC device. To this end, we present the relative merits of the Intel® EP80587 and incremental performance SKUs of the PMC* MSP8510 used in the existing Sutus Business Central™ 200 MSBG design.

The final, quantitative evaluation relied on real-world performance benchmarks executed while running the Sutus Business Central* software suite.

Benchmark numbers were scaled to provide equivalent MHz comparison of the two platforms.

Criteria for Evaluation

The following is a list of key qualitative evaluation criteria:

1. SoC SKU Flexibility: Investigate the ability of the SoC to support a range of products with different performance levels but sharing the same hardware architecture. This is expected to translate into the availability of a range of clock speed SKUs, as well as SKUs that support encryption acceleration.


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2. Power Consumption: Ensure power consumption is low enough for an MSBG appliance that will need to run on low-cost UPS systems. Temperature ranges must be available that will support the MSBG being operated in conditions typical in a small office, including small closets with less than ideal ventilation.

3. SoC Feature Comparison: Compare SoC features to gauge relative integration of the two parts and the resulting impacts on MSBG hardware design.

4. SoC Roadmap: Evaluate a defined SoC roadmap and part availability, support, life, and lead-times. Backing this information that cannot always be made publicly available was the record of the SoC manufacturer in delivering a range of devices based on the underlying architecture and its ability to apply process improvements over the life of the product.

5. Part Availability: Determine when the product is available for production.

6. Documentation: Evaluate the comprehensiveness of documentation and the openness with which it is available to the open source community as well as the MSBG manufacturer.

7. Driver and Kernel Support: Determine the availability of support to assist the MSBG manufacturer rapidly with device driver, kernel specifics, and other issues when they are discovered during the design phase or after product release.

8. Price/Performance: Identify price/performance tradeoffs based on published public pricing. Final numbers are subject to confidential information and manufacturer procurement agreements.

9. Open Source Community Support: Determine open source community support for different architectures.

10. Design issues: Note any impact silicon differences have on design.

Quantitative evaluation was based on benchmark tests executed on top of a representative MSBG software stack running the 40+ processes necessary to sustain the MSBG’s network operations. These tests assess the relative performance and additional CPU headroom of the SoCs being tested across a broad range of functional areas. For example:

1. MSBG initialization, booting, shutdown, and restart

2. MSBG disk and file system performance with and without RAID

3. MSBG USB file transfer performance

4. MSBG WAN routing and firewall performance

5. MSBG LAN bridging and services performance


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6. MSBG email and encrypted email service performance

7. MSBG web services performance

8. MSBG number of simultaneous users that can be supported, according to specific service criteria to the Sutus load test framework. These load test framework tests include VoIP telephony services as part of the typical service load.

9. MSBG management services performance

Qualitative Evaluation Based on a qualitative evaluation of the SoC options available to Sutus*, the choices identified for more detailed study were rapidly narrowed to the existing PMC MSP8510 and 8520 and the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor. The existing PMC devices used in Sutus Business Central* have a range of clock speeds that would allow these devices to scale upwards and were representative of other available MIPS-based SoCs. A hardware review of existing designs showed a prototype enhanced MSBG could easily be created using the existing MSBG hardware with additional memory and a higher clock speed SKU of the PMC MSP8510. The related PMC MSP8520 offered performance enhancement through the addition of a security engine coprocessor.

The second SoC selected for further evaluation was the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor, a more recent introduction into the market. General Intel® architecture performance from previous prototypes on Intel® architecture based server hardware was very encouraging. However, at that time no low power SoC was available. Once such a device became available with an equivalent range in clock speed, the Sutus* team was keen to try out such a device. The Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor is offered with an optional Intel® QuickAssist Technology security engine coprocessor.

Table 1 compares the two SoC candidates over the range of qualitative evaluation criteria.

Table 1. Qualitative Evaluation

Qualitative Evaluation Goal


PMC* MSP8510/20

1. SoC SKU Flexibility Yes

600 MHz to 1200 MHz

With and without Intel® QuickAssist Technology acceleration

Intel® QuickAssist Technology drivers available from Intel

Yes

600 MHz to 1000 MHz

8520 has security engine

No security engine drivers available


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Qualitative Evaluation Goal


PMC* MSP8510/20

2. Power Consumption 11.5 to 21 Watts depending on SKU

0 to 70C

Industrial -40 to 85 C

5 to 14 Watts

0 to 85 C

3. SoC Feature Comparison

Includes additional device controllers, SATA, USB, additional GigE.

Intel® QuickAssist Technology support for E1/T1 and FXS/FXO interfaces

Requires external SATA, USB, and GigE

4. SoC Roadmap Intel® architecture has core options with higher processor performance, volume, and process improvements

Intel® architecture roadmap predicts improved power consumption

No new parts other than existing MSP 8510 and 8520

Cores tending to lower power rather than improved performance

(small appliances and portable devices)

5. Part Availability Since August 2008 Since 2006

6. Documentation Excellent

Available off the Internet

Good

Distributed only to customers

7. Driver and Kernel Support

Prompt, technically detailed support received during evaluation

Good support team

8. Price/Performance Meets price constraints Meets price constraints

9. Open Source Community Support

Large community support for Intel® architecture

Device-specific Linux distribution current

Limited community support for MIPS architectures

Device-specific Linux distribution has significant lags

10. Design Issues (e.g. support for LAN switch)

Additional GigE port (3) supports dual WAN/LAN expansion easily

Inclusion of SATA/USB interfaces simplifies hardware design

2 GigE ports means chaining GigE expansion

Table 2 summarizes the key features of both the SoCs that are a subject of this case study. For further information, refer to each device’s manufacturer’s information.


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Table 2. Key Features

Comparative Features Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor

PMC* MSP8510/20

CPU Architecture IA32 bit core based on Intel® Pentium® M

MIPS 64-bit E9000 core

Dual Issue Superscalar

7 stage

Current software 32-bit

Clock Speeds 600, 1066, 1200 MHz 600, 800, 900, 1000 MHz

Instruction Enhancements Standard SSE2 Fixed Point DSP Enhancements, unused by current software

FPU 32 and 64-bit IEEE 754 32 and 64-bit IEEE 754

Security coprocessor Intel® QuickAssist integrated to OpenSSL

No drivers available for PMC 8520

DMA Engine Enhanced DMA controller Channelized DMA engine

L1 Cache 32 KB I and D Dual 16 KB I and D

L2 Cache 256 KB 2-way coherent 256 KB 4-way

Internal Interconnect Bus 400 or 533 MHz front side bus 400 MHZ fast device bus

CPU Address Range To 4 Gigabytes To 4 Gigabytes

Memory Bus 32 or 64-bits + ECC 64-bits + ECC

Memory Interface DDR2 32 or 64-bits

(400, 533, 667, 800 MHz)

DDR1, DDR2

(333, 400 MHz)

External Interconnect Bus PCIe to 2.5 Gbps Dual PCI to 66 MHz

Serial Ports Dual UART

Dual SMBus

Three high-speed serial

One synchronous serial with Intel® QuickAssist Technology engine

Dual UART

Four SMBuses

Parallel Ports 36 GPIO 64 GPIO

Ethernet Controllers Three GigE Dual GigE

USB Controller Dual USB 2.0 None

Needs external controller

SATA Disk Controller Dual SATA 2.0 None

Needs external controller

This comparison of key features shows some key advantages for the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor that remove the necessity of external USB and SATA controllers from the MSBG design. Because of this additional


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integration, hardware design layout is likely easier with this device than for the existing PMC* MSP8510 device.

The availability of Linux* open source drivers and shims to integrate the Intel® QuickAssist Technology security engine into the OpenSSL stack is a huge benefit to Sutus Business Central* 200 uses many secure protocols such as HTTPS, IMAPS, IPsec, and PPTP, and the overhead of these security protocols was a concern to Sutus.

It should be noted that Sutus* engineers managed to port the entire Sutus software stack to run on the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor development board in less than a week. The driver support and documentation provided was excellent and was straightforward to port into a more modern 2.6.22 kernel environment.

The higher bandwidth memory interface in the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor was expected to give a significant performance to the Intel® SoC.

One insufficiency both SoCs have for MSBGs with internal LAN switches is an easy way to efficiently integrate these external functional blocks with the other SoC networking interfaces. The bandwidth for these interconnects will become important as LAN ports evolve to support GigE devices.

Table 1 and Table 2 indicate the two SoC options considered in this white paper are worthy of further quantitative study. The inclusion of key device controllers, SATA, and USB in the EP80587, and better device driver and open source support goals of reducing parts counts and board complexity.

As a final note, we touch on the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor with Intel® Quick Assist Technology to directly support E1/T1 and FXO/FXS trunking options. This feature is an advantage because it provides potential for trunking terminations directly within the MSBG appliance. Current Sutus Business Central* products rely on separate gateways to achieve these functions.

MSBG Benchmarking and Evaluation The authors believe these benchmarks indicate representative performance of the hardware tested that is useful as an indication of typical MSBG performance differences between MIPS and Intel® architecture SoC platforms with similar hardware designs and software stacks. Neither Sutus* or Intel claim that these performance figures will be repeatable on other platforms because performance depends on specific hardware and software implementations and configuration. Any difference in hardware or software configuration, attached equipment, and system loading can affect performance.


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Performance Evaluation Methods

The following application-specific benchmarks were used. These benchmarks were run as separate processes on top of the background tasks of an otherwise inactive Sutus Business Central* 200 with no users and no load to determine the peak performance. An MSBG in this state is running 40+ processes to service its network services.

All benchmark tests were performed on an existing production Sutus Business Central 200 using a 900 MHz clock rate. The current Business Central 200 production models use the same MIPS SoC but at 600 MHz. The same benchmark tests were repeated with the Intel CRB with a clock rate of 1 GHz.

It would have been ideal to compare both SoCs running at 600 MHz and 1 GHz however at the time of this writing, this was not possible. To account for the differences in clock rates 900MHz MIPS SoC vs. 1GHz Intel® architecture SoC), a scaling factor of 10% was determined and applied to establish relative performance between the two SoCs at the same clock speed running the identical version of the Sutus Business Central software suite.

Note that the Intel® 80579 Integrated Processor has the additional capability of running at 1.2 GHz, a further 20% above the clock rate tested.

Both platforms ran the same version of the Sutus Business Central* software suite (Business Central Manager, standard Linux services, and Linux operating system). The Intel® CRB had only the appropriate Intel-supplied changes to the kernel and drivers of the custom Sutus* Linux port applied to account for hardware differences between the platforms. Both platforms were running identical pairs of Seagate Barracuda 250 GB SATA disk drives for basic disk, file system, RAID, and network file sharing tests.

Solution Benchmark Tests

The following benchmark tests were run as separate tasks on both Sutus Business Central* 200 and the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor CRB. The underlying software suite and operating system was the Business Central software suite in both cases, except for the necessary changes as noted above in Performance Evaluation Methodology. These tests indicate the relative performance in a particular aspect of the system.

For those benchmarks that include encryption such as performance over IPSec, PPTP, or SSL, the tests were repeated twice where possible on the Intel platform: with and without the optional Intel® QuickAssist Technology. Any performance or CPU headroom increase was noted. The goal was to determine what performance advantages this optional engine has within the real-world context of the Business Central solution. Unfortunately the lack of available OpenSSL drivers prevented us from repeating these tests with the PMC* MSP8520.


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Results of solution benchmarks reported in this white paper are reported as relative changes from the existing performance of the prototype 900 MHz Business Central 200 scaled by 10% up to 1 GHz, rather than in actual performance numbers.

Solution Benchmark Description

Table 3 lists the benchmark tests used in this evaluation. These tests are solution focused. They evaluate the performance and where applicable the CPU utilization headroom during specific benchmarks that test a number of key aspects typical MSBG functions as indicated in the previous section.

One test that is particularly meaningful in terms of the relative performance of a particular MSBG is the Simultaneous Users test. These results were obtained using the Sutus* load test framework to apply multiple typical usage loads to the MSBG to create a background of activity. This background of activity included email retrieval and sending, data retrieval over HTTPS, VoIP phone call activity, and simultaneous voicemail recording. Because the Sutus MSBG software suite has been finely tuned to support the Quality of Service (QoS) of VoIP calls as a first priority, the judgment of the number of simultaneous users the system can support is judged based on the average response time of other services. In this case, average email delivery time was chosen as a proxy of service degradation to determine the number of simultaneous users that can be supported.

Table 3. Benchmark Tests Used

Benchmark Category

Benchmark Test Description

1. Platform System Shutdown Time to shut down the MSBG

System Boot Time Time to boot the Sutus Business Central* software suite

System Restart Time Time to restart the Sutus Business Central software suite

2. File System SATA Disk Performance

Linux* file read of 1 GB from boot partition

Software RAID Performance

Linux file read of 1 GB from boot partition

Local Secure File Copy over LAN

Local secure copy of boot image over LAN

With and without Intel® QuickAssist Technology

SAMBA Performance Network file read/write of a 400 MB file to a local file share

Remote Samba Performance over PPTP VPN

File read/write over PPTP VPNs



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Benchmark Category


Remote Samba Performance over IPSec VPN

File read/write over IPSec VPNs


4. WAN Routing LAN to WAN throughput

Bridging, routing, and firewall performance

Large packets (e.g., samba file transfer) and small packets (e.g., VoIP RTP)

5. LAN Bridging GigE Sustained Transfer Rate

GigE sustained transfer rate on file read/write

6. Email System IMAP Client Message Retrieval

Time to fetch fifty 4 MB emails into client

IMAPS Client Message Retrieval

Time to fetch fifty 4 MB emails into client


IMAP Client Retrieval over VPN

Retrieve x emails into client over IPSec, Over PPTP

With and without Intel® QuickAssist

Need to factor out last-mile issues with WAN simulation.

Remote IMAPS Client Message Retrieval

Retrieve x emails into client over SSL

With and Without Intel® QuickAssist Technology

Need to factor out last-mile issues with WAN simulation

7. Web Server Page Load Delay Delay in loading a static 400 MB web page

Page Load Delay over HTTPS

Delay in loading a static 400 MB web page

With and Without Intel® QuickAssist Technology

Python Application Tests mod-python load time and VM performance (time to load all Python libraries and components)

8. Simultaneous Users

Simultaneous Users with Telephony, Email, and HTTPS Data

Support for simultaneous users using a typical load profile per user as per the Sutus* load test framework that includes LAN to LAN IP telephone calls, simultaneous voicemail recording, email sending and retrieval, and retrieval of HTTPS data

9. Management System Setup Create a company, connect to the Internet using DHCP, and create an administrative and corporate account with file shares, email, and phone service

Create Backup to Backup Partition

Backup MSBG system ad configuration with empty file shares to backup partition.

Create 10 Email Accounts and Phone Extensions

Create 10 personal email accounts and phone extensions


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Benchmark Category


Create Personal Workspace

Create an MSBG user with file shares, email, and phone extension

A secure web management application over HTTPS


Create Shared Workspace

Create an MSBG workgroup with file shares, email, and call group

A secure web management application over HTTPS


Solution Benchmark Results

For each test that was performed on the MSBG, we list the benchmark performed, the relative performance of the two platforms, and where possible, the differences in CPU utilization between the platforms while running these tests. The relative performance is a percentage of Intel® performance over the performance on the PMC* MSP8510 MIPS platform running at 900 MHz and adjusted to 1 GHz. Both platforms were running identical pairs of Seagate* Barracuda* 250 GB SATA disk drives for basic disk, file system, RAID, and network file sharing tests.

Table 4. Benchmark test performance

Benchmark Category

Benchmark Test Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor

Performance Relative to MIPS

(>1 indicates better relative performance)


Decrease in CPU Utilization (%) i.e.

gain in CPU “headroom”

1. Platform System Shutdown 2.25 Cannot measure during shutdown

System Boot Time 1.98 Cannot measure during boot

System Restart Time 2.49 Cannot measure during boot

2. File System SATA Disk Performance

0.85 70.9

Software RAID Performance

1.04 67.4


28 321097

Benchmark Category







Local Secure File Copy over LAN

2.02

52.0

Note: An additional 20% headroom was gained with Intel® QuickAssist

SAMBA Performance 4.68, Write

1.52, Read

3, Write

27, Read

Remote Samba Performance over PPTP VPN

1.19, Write

2.12, Read

35.0

10.0

Remote Samba Performance over IPSec VPN

4.09, Write

Software issue performing read on MIPs

-47.0

IPsec (racoon) not running with Intel® QuickAssist yet

4. WAN Routing LAN to WAN Throughput

1.02 Large Packets

1.03 Small Packets

30.0

30.0

5. LAN Bridging GigE Sustained Transfer Rate

NA NA

6. Email System IMAP Client Message Retrieval

5.73 0.0

IMAPS Client Message Retrieval

1.69 23.0

Note: An additional 11% headroom was gained using Intel® QuickAssist

IMAP Client Retrieval over VPN

NA NA

Remote IMAPS Client Message Retrieval

NA NA

7. Web Server Page Load Delay 1.11 35.7

Page Load Delay over HTTPS

2.70

Note: Intel® QuickAssist did not improve page load times

10

Note: Intel® QuickAssist lowered CPU utilization by a further 40%

Python Application 3.63 NA


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Benchmark Category







8. Simultaneous Users

Simultaneous Users with Telephony, Email, Voicemail, and HTTPs

2 times the number of users on heavy general use

3 times the number of users on heavy telephony use

NA

9. Management System Setup 1.73 NA

Create Backup 1.80 NA

Create 10 Email Accounts and Phone Extensions

1.45 NA

Create Personal Workspace

2.90 NA

Create Shared Workspace

4.39 NA

While these real-world MSBG benchmarks tests are not comprehensive, we believe them to be representative of the performance of MSBG platforms using the two devices. Despite the similar clock speeds and attempts to adjust for any differences, there appears to be a clear performance advantage without security coprocessing for MSBGs based on the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor compared to the PMC* MSP8510. Generally, there is almost double performance advantage to the Intel processor. In some cases, such as a straight IMAP read, there is a 5 times increase in performance. Where CPU utilization data was measured, a clear performance advantage is apparent as CPU utilization goes down creating processing headroom for other applications or potentially allowing the use of a lower clock speed SoC SKU. A good example of this is software RAID, which kept equivalent throughput with almost 70% less CPU processing time. This may be explained by the improved DMA/fast path architecture of the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor.

From data measured on performance of secure protocols on the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor, a compelling performance advantage was observed. The software team found it very easy to integrate OpenSSL support provided by Intel and was quickly able to get the HTTPS protocol and SSH applications to use the Intel® QuickAssist Technology engines. A few minor patches were required to get the Cyrus IMAPS protocol to use the Intel® QuickAssist Technology engine. Unfortunately, OpenSSL drivers were not available for the PMC* MSP8520 to allow a direct performance comparison.


30 321097

Conclusions An evaluation of two processor architectures was undertaken with the goal of finding the best SoC family to meet the demanding requirements of next generation MSBG products to further energize the rapidly growing managed services market for small business. Data from this evaluation is provided for an existing MIPS-based SoC (MSP8520) used in current products and the recently launched Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor.

This evaluation concludes that the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor is an extremely strong contender for next generation MSBG products. Attractive aspects include hardware and software design, maintenance and support considerations, and potentially stellar product performance.

The Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor delivered significant performance gains over the MIPS SoC used in an existing design at equivalent clock speeds while also creating additional CPU headroom for additional applications. The Intel® QuickAssist Technology showed additional significant performance gains and headroom improvements. In addition, the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor was able to double the number of simultaneous users of both data and voice services.

The addition of SATA and USB device controllers integrated within the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor is a significant advantage in building high performance and cost effective MSBG platforms. Pin counts are lowered, overall layout is simpler, and reliability is promoted by the lower pin counts and less complex interconnects. The addition of PCIe* as the principal external system bus provides a significantly higher bandwidth over PCI for connected devices such as high bandwidth wireless LAN. The Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor with Intel® Quick Assist Technology also supports the direct implementation of TDM telephone trunking interfaces that avoids separate VoIP telephone trunking gateways.

Freely downloadable Intel documentation serves to foster more rapid response by the open source community to ensure support and continued maintenance for Intel devices in the future. Sutus* has observed that open source support for devices with “customer only” documentation lag by up to a year due to a smaller developer community.

Intel provides a Red Hat* Linux* distribution that includes a recent kernel and integrated device drivers for the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor. Although this Linux distribution was not used for the evaluation, information and drivers provided by Intel allowed Sutus* to rapidly port to the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor. Sutus experience with the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor to date indicates that support is solid. Sutus found that OpenSSL using Intel® QuickAssist Technology was easy to incorporate into


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the MSBG software suite (Sutus has not been able to procure OpenSSL drivers for the MSP8520 SoC).

The authors believe that additional SoC features could target the MSBG market. As MSBGs offer more network services to the small businesses, new services can be enabled by integrating further applications on the MSBG. The following additional SoC features could further energize this dynamic market for rapid growth:

1. Better accommodations to support LAN switch expansion for those MSBGs that integrate onboard LAN infrastructure. As client devices in the typical LAN have now moved to support GigE ports and applications that use higher bandwidths are becoming more common, it is inevitable that small business networks must also evolve to support these speeds.

2. Additional performance through increased clock speeds and improved SoC processing architectures including cores that extend to 64 bits. It should be noted that small business servers that MSBG competes with has already moved to 64-bit architectures. MSBG will be required to host vertical and advanced applications that can benefit from the increased address space and computational efficiency of longer word lengths. In the future 64-bit software is expected to become the norm for bulk of development and support from the open source community.

3. SoCs should follow the lead of the Intel® 80579 Integrated Processor and support PCIe* (and Express Card). These are commonly used to connect optional access cards and performance of standard I/O is important. For example businesses are connecting more mobile wireless devices as simultaneous multiple channel 802.11n becomes available.


32 321097

Authors

Trevor Cooper is a Program Manager with the Embedded and Communications Group at Intel Corporation.

Martin Leonard is Director of Software Engineering with Sutus Inc.

Peter Baker is Chief Technology Officer with Sutus Inc.

Acronyms

BOM Bill of materials

CPU Central processing unit

CRB Customer reference board

FTTH Fiber-to-the-home

FPU Floating point unit

GigE Gigabit Ethernet

MSBG Multi-service business gateway

ISP Internet service provider

ITSP Internet telephony service provider

MAC Media access controller

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCIe* PCI Express*

PoE Power over Ethernet

PSTN Public switched telephone network

QoS Quality of service

RIA Rich Internet application

SKU Stock-keeping unit (sometimes known also as skews)

SMBus System management bus

SoC System-on-a-chip

TDM Time-domain multiplexed

TLB Translation lookaside buffer

VoIP Voice over Internet protocol

VPN Virtual private network


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INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications.

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This paper is for informational purposes only. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE. Intel disclaims all liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein.

Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit Intel Performance Benchmark Limitations.

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